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Up-to-date viewpoint of cerebral glioma surgery

song Jin WU ; 复旦大学附属华山医院神经外科脑胶质瘤中心上海 200040 ; fu Liang ZHOU

Fudan University Journal of Medical Sciences.2017;44(6):724-732. doi:10.3969/j.issn.1672-8467.2017.06.007

Today,the primary goal of cerebral glioma surgery is to achieve maximum safe resection.The cytoreductive surgery ensures the sensitivity to postoperative radiotherapy,chemotherapy (targeted therapy) and immunotherapy and other individualized adjuvant treatment,while limits sacrifice of the quality of life of patients.Comprehensive use of neuronavigation,iMRI intraoperative real-time image guidance,multimodal functional and metabolic image guidance,intraoperative fluorescence technology,awake craniotomy and intraoperative electrophysiological monitoring and other new technologies to achieve accurate positioning of multi-mode brain function,real-time protection and quantitative control of extent of tumor resection,are not only achieving the promising goal of cerebral glioma surgeries,but enhancing the realization of the China Brain Project.

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Modulation of retinal information and retinal diseases

li Xiong YANG

Fudan University Journal of Medical Sciences.2017;44(6):693-698. doi:10.3969/j.issn.1672-8467.2017.06.001

In this article a general account of the major results in retina research obtained by my team in the past ten years is provided.The basic research of my team is exemplified by the study of neuromodulatory action of melatonin on retinal neurons.This is followed by a brief description of our endeavor in exploring the pathogenesis of glaucoma,focusing on the involvement of Müller cell gliosis and reverse signaling of the ephrin/Eph signaling system in apoptosis of retinal ganglion cells.Finally,our recent studies,concerning roles retinal dopamine (DA) plays in refractive development and form-deprivation myopia (FDM) are presented.Our results strongly suggest that a DA-independent mechanism may work together with a DA-dependent mechanism,mediating refractive development and FDM formation.

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The continuous innovation of hand surgery team rooted in clinical practice

dong Wen XU ; dong Yu GU

Fudan University Journal of Medical Sciences.2017;44(6):703-706. doi:10.3969/j.issn.1672-8467.2017.06.003

Previously,hand-surgeons made great advancements and pioneering surgeries such as thumb reconstruction,flap transplantation surgery.Under the leadership of professor Yu-dong GU,we put forward several surgical strategies to treat the brachial plexus injury including the widely-used contralateral cervical 7 (CC7) nerve root transfer surgery.Now our department is one of the leading centers in treating peripheral nerve injury disease worldwide.During the past 10 years,we focused on the brain plasticity research in brachial plexus injury patients and revealed the reorganization pattern of sensorimotor cortex after the CC7 nerve root transfer surgery.Our study indicated the potential of one hemisphere in controlling bilateral upper limb and we further applied this conclusion in treating hemiplegic paralysis patients.In the past 10 years,we applied basic research findings in clinical practice and expanded the indication of CC7 nerve transfer surgery.By making innovations we keep making progress.

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Interplay between hepatitis B virus and the type Ⅰ interferon system and new therapeutic strategies

liang Jie CHEN ; hua Jian LI ; nan Xiao ZHANG ; Min WU ; sheng Bi SHI ; Zhong FANG ; hong Zheng YUAN

Fudan University Journal of Medical Sciences.2017;44(6):793-798. doi:10.3969/j.issn.1672-8467.2017.06.016

Hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection has been one of the most important public health problems,however,no complete cure is currently available.Although interferon (IFN)-α has been clinically used as a drug for chronic hepatitis B therapy because of its advantages including a higher rate of HBsAg/HBeAg seroconversion and a lower rate of recurrence after cessation of treatment,only 20％ -40 ％ of patients respond well to IFN therapy,thus hampering its clinical application.In recent years,based on the in vitro HBV replication and infection cell models,animal models and patient cohort with hepatitis B and by using a variety of methods,studies have been made.On the one hand,to identify new mechanisms underlying the IFN-and IFN-induced genes-mediated anti-HBV activities and signaling transduction,on the other hand,to reveal the effect and mechanisms of HBV replication and viral proteins in regulating the innate immune signaling pathways and IFN induction and antiviral action,based on which new strategies and approaches for optimization of IFN-based therapy and for a HBV cure have been further explored.This review mainly introduces the research findings of author's group and the future development is prospected.

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Advances in the biological restoration of the hearing

yan Wen LI ; wei Hua LI

Fudan University Journal of Medical Sciences.2017;44(6):752-756,810. doi:10.3969/j.issn.1672-8467.2017.06.011

Sensorineural deafness is the most common disorders of senses,which severely impact the life quality and bring heavy burden to the family as well as the society.Current state-of-art treatments focus on sound amplification and implanted electrodes that stimulate the auditory nerve.These strategies offer partial recovery of function for a limited patient population but do not come close to restoring natural hearing.Clearly,there is strong need for development of biological treatments for the hearing restoration through correcting the genetic defects or regenerating the new hair cells on the damaged cochlear sensory epithelium.We reviewed the advances in the biological restoration of the hearing,including the gene therapy and the hair cell regeneration aspects.

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Population-based study on the relationship between folic acid supplementation and the occurrence risk of congenital heart defects

mei Ding WANG ; ying Guo HUANG

Fudan University Journal of Medical Sciences.2017;44(6):806-810. doi:10.3969/j.issn.1672-8467.2017.06.018

Congenital heart disease (CHD) is the most common congenital malformations.It occurs under the combined effect of genetic and environmental factors.In recent years,the correlation of key nutritional factors,the modifiable environmental factors,with the occurrence risk of CHD has attracted increasing attention.One of the most representative key nutritional factors is folic acid,and many studies suggest that maternal folic acid supplementation during periconceptional period could reduce the risk of CHD occurrence.However,many challenges remain in order to clarify the relationship between folic acid and CHD,which is worthy of further study.

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Resolution revolution:advances and prospects of cryo-EM in structural biology

guo Zhen CHEN ; 复旦大学附属上海市第五人民医院上海 200240 ; hui Yan XU

Fudan University Journal of Medical Sciences.2017;44(6):799-805. doi:10.3969/j.issn.1672-8467.2017.06.017

Cryo electron microscopy (cryo-EM) is one of the most important methods in structural biology.In the past five years,cryo-EM has milestone breakthrough due to revolutionary advances in hardware and methodology.The resolution has been pushed to as high as 1.8 （A),which significantly extended the research scope of this method.Single particle reconstruction method has become one of the most exciting fields of structural biology and related subjects.Here we will briefly introduce the history of cryo-EM,recent revolutionary breakthrough,and the facility at Fudan University.

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The progress and challenges of precision oncology

xiu Lun QIN ; 复旦大学肿瘤转移研究所上海 200040 ; ting Hao SUN ; yu Lu YANG

Fudan University Journal of Medical Sciences.2017;44(6):786-792. doi:10.3969/j.issn.1672-8467.2017.06.015

Precision oncology is applying established clinic-pathological indexes with molecular profiling to create diagnostic,prognostic,and therapeutic strategies precisely tailor to each patient's requirements.It includes precision prevention (cancer risk detection and prophylactic intervention),precision diagnosis (early detection and diagnosis,molecular classification),and precision treatment (molecular targeted therapies,predicting and monitoring treatment response and precision surgery based on the combination of visual,cytology,pathologic review,as well as molecular profiling assessments).Understanding of cancer and clinical decision making from the molecular level is necessary in era of precision oncology.Many challenges,including the heterogeneity and dynamic evolution of cancer cells,few understanding about cancer biology,pairing the massive genomic data with inaccurate clinical information,limited sensitive drugs and unexplained resistance,insufficient cancer biomarkers for precision diagnosis and treatment,have to be overcome before it can be clinical routines.

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Defeating enemy outside the border-development of viral entry inhibitors

bo Shi JIANG ; Shan SU ; Shuai XIA ; Peng ZOU ; Lu LU

Fudan University Journal of Medical Sciences.2017;44(6):773-785. doi:10.3969/j.issn.1672-8467.2017.06.0014

About 25 years ago,we had pioneered the research fields of developing human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) fusion/entry inhibitors and anti-HIV peptide drugs.Over the past six years,we have gained some promising results in research and development of the HIV,Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus (MERS-COV),the Ebola virus (EBOV),and the Zika virus (ZIKV) entry inhibitors.This article provides an overview of the research progress of viral entry inhibitors against the related highly pathogenic viruses.

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Precision medicine in breast cancer research

Yi XIAO ; 复旦大学肿瘤研究所上海 200032 ; zhou Yi JIANG ; min Zhi SHAO

Fudan University Journal of Medical Sciences.2017;44(6):765-772. doi:10.3969/j.issn.1672-8467.2017.06.013

Breast cancer is the most common malignant tumor in women,and its incidence has increased in recent years in China.Evidence-based medicine has made great achievements in systemetic treatment of breast cancer,which laid the foundation for standardized treatment of breast cancer.Additionally,precision medicine provides more refined,individualized treatment for breast cancer patients.Breast cancer research in multiomic analysis,ctDNA,intratumour heterogeneity and interaction between tumor and microenvironment has broad prospects.

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