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Prevention of experimental autoimmune anterior uveitis by anterior chamber-associated immune deviation

Zhijie LI ; Guanghua PENG ; Zheng FENG ; Chen LI

Recent Advances in Ophthalmology.1999;19(4):217-219.

Objective Experimental autoimmune anterior uveitis (EAAU) is a useful model for human anterior uveitis. The purpose of this study was to observe whether EAAU development could be prevented by anterior chamber-associated immune deviation (ACAID). Methods Bovine melanin protein (BMP) in phosphate-buffered saline (PBS) was injected into the anterior chamber of the right eye of rats; control animals were injected with PBS alone. Seven days later, all animals were immunized with BMP in complete Freund's adjuvant (CFA) and pertussis toxin. The severity and incidence of uveitis was monitored by clinical examination and histopathology. The delayed-type hypersensitivity (DTH) responses were evaluated by footpad swelling elicited by injection of BMP.Results Rats intraocularly injected with BMP showed a reduced severity and incidence of EAAU, and significantly suppressed DTH response compared to control rats.Conclusion These data suggest that the ACAID procedure can be utilized to prevent the development of EAAU.

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Antitumor effects of HSV-tk/GCV suicide gene system for retinoblastoma in vitro

Tao LI ; Hong ZHANG ; Erjuan XIE ; Feng LIANG ; Wei LI ; Guigang LI

Recent Advances in Ophthalmology.2003;23(5):305-309.

Objective To investigate the killing effect of herpes simplex virus thymidine kinase/gancyclovir (HSV-tk/GCV) suicide gene therapy system on retinoblastoma (Rb) cells and the mechanism of bystander effect. Methods By using liposome, pCMV/hytk-IREShrGFP plasmid was transferred into HXO-Rb44 cells. A fluorescence microscope was used to detect the transduction effeciency. The positive cell clones were selected by hygromycin and were named HXO-Rb44/tk. RT-PCR was resorted to demonstrate the sucessful transduction and transcription of hytk gene in the HXO-Rb44/tk cells. The morphologic features and growth patterns of HXO-Rb44/tk were compared with those of HXO-Rb44. Then MTT assay was used to determined the killing effect of GCV on HXO-Rb44/tk and the mixture of HXO-Rb44/tk and HXO-Rb44 in different ratios ("bystander effect"). The mechanism of bystander effect was studied by the experiment of supernatant shifting. Results The transduction effeciency was 20%. 530bp hytk gene strand was seen through HXO-Rb44/tk RT-PCR. There were no differences in the morphologic features or the growth patterns between HXO-Rb44/tk and HXO-Rb44. HXO-Rb44/tk was more sensitive to GCV than was HXO-Rb44. The cytotoxicity of HXO-Rb44/tk was dose and time dependent. An obvious "bystander effect" was seen even with low proportions of HXO-Rb44/tk, but this effect disappeared when transferring GCV containing supernatant of HSV-tk-positive cells to the negative cells. Conclusion The transfer of the HSV-tk gene into Rb cells followed by the administration of GCV could serve as a model for gene therapy for retinoblastoma, the "bystander effect" in HSV-tk/GCV-mediated gene therapy occurs by transfer of GCV metabolite from cell to cell through gap junction.

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Role of epidermal growth factor in ocular diseases

Huixin SONG ; Jianfeng WU ; Hongsheng BI

Recent Advances in Ophthalmology.2017;37(5):484-487. doi:10.13389/j.cnki.rao.2017.0123

Epidermal growth factor (EGF) is a multifunctional growth factor,which is widely expressed in most ocular tissues including cornea,retina and sclera.It may regulate the growth and proliferation of various ocular cells with the interaction of epidermal growth factor receptor in vitro or in vivo.This article reviews the role of EGF in pathological and physiological processes of ocular diseases,including corneal injury,retinal proliferative diseases,myopia,pterygium,glaucoma,cataract,and eye tumors.

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Recent advances in immune regulation of mesenchymal stem cells on autoimmune dry eve

Xilian WANG ; Xiaoxiao LU ; Liyuan YANG ; Hong NIAN ; Ruihua WEI

Recent Advances in Ophthalmology.2017;37(5):480-483. doi:10.13389/j.cnki.rao.2017.0122

Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) have good immune regulatory function,can inhibit many immune cell proliferation,direct effects on activation and proliferation of T cell,play a role in immune regulation by Treg cells or by the secretion of soluble factors regulating Thl/Th2 secretion and reaction equilibrium,inhibit the inflammation through the anti-inflammatory,regulation of cytokines expression at the same time,so reduce the expression levels of matrix metalloproteinase-2 and-9,which may promote lacrimal gland tissue damage,and thus play a role in immune regulation.MSCs can reduce the autoimmune dry eye clinical index,recovery secretion function of part lacrimal gland.This article reviews the research advances in inmmmne regulation of MSCs on autoimmune dry eye.

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Efficacy of intravitreal injection of anti-vascular endothelial growth factor agent for retinopathy of prematurity in different zones

Yuebing LU ; Yunyun HUANG ; Xiantao SUN ; Shuang SUN

Recent Advances in Ophthalmology.2017;37(5):477-479. doi:10.13389/j.cnki.rao.2017.0121

Objective To observe the clinical effects of anti-vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) agent for retinopathy of prematurity (ROP) in different zones.Methods Retrospective analysis was performed on 24 ROP patients (46 eyes) who received intravitreal injection of anti-VEGF agent in our hospital from April 2013 to April 2014,including 15 patients (28 eyes) with Zone Ⅰ ROP and 9 patients (18 eyes) with Zone Ⅱ ROP.All the patients receive intravitreal injection of anti-VEGF agent Ranibizumab.The patients were observed for postoperative progression of fundus conditions,and the recovery rate and progression rate following initial injection were compared statistically between two groups.Results There was no statistically significant difference between the two groups in gestational age at birth or birth weight (both P ＞0.05);And statistically significant difference was found between two groups in gestational age at surgical correction (P =0.001).Following initial injection,the recovery rates were 32.14％ and 66.67％,and the progression rates were 67.86％ and 33.34％ in Zone Ⅰ ROP group and Zone Ⅱ ROP group,respectively,there was statistically significant difference between the two groups in recovery rate (x2 =5.263,P =0.022).The progression rate in Zone Ⅰ ROP group was higher than that in Zone Ⅱ ROP group,there was statistically significant difference (x2 =-2.269,P =0.023).During follow-up,no complications of intravitreal injection as cataract,endophthalmitis or retinal tears was observed;Only 2 patients experienced corneal edema,and 4 patients experienced subconjunctival hemorrhage.Conclusion Intravitreal injection of anti-VEGF agent is effective for both Zone Ⅰ and Zone Ⅱ ROP.While for Zone Ⅰ ROP,the surgery success rate is low and the reoperation rate is high,such treatment can provide favorable time and conditions for reoperation.

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Intravitreal injection of conbercept for wet age-related macular degeneration

Lei ZHU ; Xiaoyan TIAN ; Tao LIU

Recent Advances in Ophthalmology.2017;37(5):473-476. doi:10.13389/j.cnki.rao.2017.0120

Objective To observe the efficacy and safety of intravitreal injection of conbercept for wet age-related macular degeneration.Methods Retrospective clinical study.Sixty eyes of 60 cases diagnosed as wet age-related macular degeneration (AMD) definitely were intravitreally injected conbercept 0.5 mg from March 2014 to March 2016.Follow-up time was 6 months to 12 months,averaged (8.5 ± 2.4) months.Visual acuity (ETDRS charts letter),central macular thickness (CMT),leakage of choroidal neovasculaxization (CNV) and area of CNV and complications before and after the treatment were analyzed.Results Conbercept injection therapeutic times were 1-5,the average therapeutic times were 2.80 ± 0.89.At 1 month,2 months,3 months and 6 months after treatment and the last follow up,the mean letter of ETDRS charts increased (14.76 ± 5.89) letters,(19.88 ± 7.13) letters,(24.75 ± 6.74) letters,(23.94 ±6.15) letters,(22.89 ± 8.53) letters compared with pre-operation,respectively (all P ＜0.05).CMT decreased (70.19 ± 60.56) μm,(82.07 ± 57.97) μm,(95.40 ± 87.92) μm,(97.57 ± 46.68) μm,(107.46 ± 56.82) μm compared with pre-operation,respectively (all P ＜ 0.05).Before treatment,the area of CNV leakage was (12.32 ± 5.67) mm2,and at postoperative 3 months,6months the area were statistically significant different (all P ＜ 0.05).Four cases had subconjunctival flake bleeding,intraocular pressure increased slightly in 3 cases and they all recovered at 1 week after treatment.There was no serious ocular and system complication.Conclusion Intravitreal injection of conbercept for wet AMD can improve the visual acuity,decrease CMT and inhibit the CNV regression without serious complication.

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Comparison of myopia prevalence among normal, exophoria and intermittent exotropia children

Nixian YU ; Fang XIE ; Wei ZHANG

Recent Advances in Ophthalmology.2017;37(5):438-441. doi:10.13389/j.cnki.rao.2017.0111

Objective To discuss the difference of myopia prevalence and spherical equivalent among normal,exophoria and intermittent exotropia children.Methods The children aged between 6 years old to14 years old were divided into 3 groups of orthophoria (n =151),exophoria (n =180) and intermittent exotropia (n =168) based on the result of cover-uncover test.Intermittent exotropia group was divided into three types of basic,convergence insufficiency and divergence excess.Diopter values were retrospectively reviewed,and results were recorded with the average data after the objective optometry of cycloplegia.Results Myopia prevalence of intermittent exotropia of different ages was higher than normal and exophoria (all P ＜ 0.05),but no difference between exophoria and normal (all P ＞ 0.05).There were statistical significant differences in overall prevalence among three groups (intermittent exotropia and orthophoria:P =0.000,intermittent exotropia and exophoria:P =0.000,orthophoria and exophoria:P =0.034).Average spherical equivalent was (0.08 ± 0.99) D in orthophoric group,(-0.16 ± 1.16)D in exophoric group and (-1.23 ± 1.57)D in intermittent exotropic group,there was statistical difference among three groups (P =0.000).The differences were also statistical significant between orthophoria group and exophoria group (P =0.015),intermittent exotropia group and orthophoria group (P =0.000),exophoria group and intermittent exotropia group (P =0.000).In the group of intermittent exotropia,average spherical equivalent was (-1.68 ± 1.61) D in convergence insufficient group,(-1.14 ± 1.44) D in basic group and (-0.85 ± 1.50) D in divergence excessive group,there was statistical difference among three groups (P =0.000).The spherical equivalent in convergence insufficient group was lower than the basic group (P =0.000)and divergence excessive group (P =0.041).Conclusion The myopia prevalence and degree of intermittent exotropia are all higher than normal and exophoria in children.

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Recent advances in estrogen and diabetic retinopathy

Xiaohong XIANG ; Hongbin LV

Recent Advances in Ophthalmology.2017;37(5):496-500. doi:10.13389/j.cnki.rao.2017.0126

Diabetic retinopathy (DR) is the most serious and common blinding ocular complication in all microangiopathy of diabetes mellitus.The occurrence of DR associated with a variety of factom,the pathogenesis has not yet been completely clear,and there are several theories.In recent years,the relationship between the occurrence of DR and sex hormone levels become a hot ophthalmic research,research shows that the prevalence of DR significantly increased in postmenopausal women,in which estrogen change plays the main role.Learning connection between estrogen and DR will contribute to the clinical diagnosis and treatment of DR.This article reviews recent research advances in the relationship between estrogen and DR.

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Analysis of densitometry of keratoconus

Dan YANG ; Tianpu GU ; Ying LI ; Weiping LIN ; Na LI ; Ruihua WEI

Recent Advances in Ophthalmology.2017;37(5):450-454. doi:10.13389/j.cnki.rao.2017.0114

Objeetive To compare corneal densitometry measured by Pentacam in normal and keratoconic eyes,and assess the differences in densitometry values among the stages of keratoconus.Methods Densitometry values for 66 eyes (36 eyes from keratoconus group,30 eyes from control group) were obtained for the 0-2 mm,2-6 mm,and 6-10 mm zones of the anterior (up to 120 mm),posterior (posterior 60 mm),and central (between the anterior and posterior) cornea.The differences in densitometry values among the stages of keratoconus were compared.Pearson correlation analysis was used to access the relationship among Keratoconus optical density,cornea thickness and flat K values.1~l~ In total diameter,the corneal densitometry between keratoconus group (17.96 ± 3.23) and control group (17.39 ± 1.95) was not significant different(P =0.124),but there were significant differences between the groups for densitometry measurements in central 2.0 mm zones(anterior,central and total layers),annulus 2-6 mm(anterior layers) and anterior layers in total diameter (all P ＜0.05).Divided by different stage of keratoconus,the anterior layer in mild Keratoconus had no difference with control group(P ＞0.05),but therewere significant differences in moderate keratoconus group(all P ＜ 0.05).In severe Keratoconus group,a statistically significant difference was present at the 2 central annuli in total thickness and annulus 2-6 mm (anterior,central and total layers) with control group (P ＜ 0.05).The correlation between corneal densitometry and the other parameters,including cornea thickness and flat K values were significant (all P ＜ 0.05).Conelusion Compared with normal cornea,there is no change in mild keratoconus.The increase of corneal densitometry in moderate keratoconus group happens in the anterior layers of 0-2 mum zones.The anterior layers of 0-6 mm zones and central layers in 0-2 mm zones in severe keratoconus group are higher than those of control group.More advanced cases present a higher corneal densitometry.Corneal densitometry is an important characteristic of keratoconus,it can be used to detect the process and therapeutic effect of keratoconus.

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Recent advances in genetic study on high myopia

Shaoyu LI ; Wenjun JIANG ; Hongsheng BI

Recent Advances in Ophthalmology.2017;37(5):488-491. doi:10.13389/j.cnki.rao.2017.0124

High myopia is a common blinding eye disease with high specificity and population genetic heterogeneity.It has emerged as a major public health concern,which is often accompanied by many severe associated comorbidities,including retinal detachment,cataract and glaucoma.While rarely effective treatment Is found so far.This article reviews recent advances in understanding genetic mechanism of high myopia,such as mode of inheritance,MYP locus and candidate genes.

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