Diabetic retinopathy (DR) is the most serious and common blinding ocular complication in all microangiopathy of diabetes mellitus.The occurrence of DR associated with a variety of factom,the pathogenesis has not yet been completely clear,and there are several theories.In recent years,the relationship between the occurrence of DR and sex hormone levels become a hot ophthalmic research,research shows that the prevalence of DR significantly increased in postmenopausal women,in which estrogen change plays the main role.Learning connection between estrogen and DR will contribute to the clinical diagnosis and treatment of DR.This article reviews recent research advances in the relationship between estrogen and DR.