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Research progress of microRNAs in colorectal cancer therapy

Journal of International Oncology.2015;(5):388-391. doi:10.3760/cma.j.issn.1673-422X.2015.05.019

The molecular targeted therapy method using microRNAs(miRNAs)is gradually stepping into people′s vision. miRNAs affect colorectal cancer progress via abnormal expression in tumor cells or micro-environment. The high or low expressions of miRNAs in specific tissues probably have an impact on the expressions of oncogenes,tumor suppressor genes or other aspects including the surrounding environments,the metastases and the drug tolerance of tumors,thus contributing to curing the colorectal cancer. Nowadays, miRNA has entered the stage of animal experiments.

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The effect of p70S6K1 and 4EBP1 protein in colorectal cancer

Shaohua ZHANG ; Jingwang BI

Journal of International Oncology.2015;(5):392-394. doi:10.3760/cma.j.issn.1673-422X.2015.05.020

The phosphatidylinositide-3-kinase(PI3K)/ protein kinase B(Akt)/ mammalian target of rapamycin(mTOR)pathway is recognized to have an important role in the development and progression of colo-rectal cancer(CRC). The most extensively characterized downstream targets of mTORC1 are ribosomal protein S6 kinase 1(p70S6K1)and eukaryotic translation initiation factor(eIF)4E-binding protein 1(4EBP1),both of which are crucial to the regulation of protein synthesis. The abnormal expression of p70S6K1 and 4EBP1 in CRC has become the focus of attention.

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Progress of research on mTOR inhibitor in endocrine and HER-2 targeted therapy resistance in breast cancer

Haiming DUAN ; Yanni ZHENG ; Minquan WANG

Journal of International Oncology.2015;(5):377-380. doi:10.3760/cma.j.issn.1673-422X.2015.05.016

Mammalian target of rapamycin(mTOR)locates at the downstream of phosphatidylinositol 3 kinase(PI3K)-protein kinase B(Akt)cell signal transduction pathway. Studies find that the abnormal activa-tion of this pathway is correlated with the endocrine and drug resistance of anti human epidermal growth factor receptor-2(HER-2)target therapy in breast cancer. The combination with mTOR inhibitors based on the past traditional drugs can block the pathway and reflect a favourable application prospect in preventing the develop-ment of resistance and restoring the initial sensitivity on tumor cells. mTOR inhibitors are expected to be the new hope for the treatment of breast cancer.

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Surgical treatment of thyroid microcarcinoma

Chengcheng AN ; Dequn LI

Journal of International Oncology.2015;(5):374-376. doi:10.3760/cma.j.issn.1673-422X.2015.05.015

For thyroid microcarcinoma(TMC),the incidence is not obvious,the lesion is small,the symptoms are not distinctive and the progression is slow. Studies suggest that patients with the age over 45 years or below 15 years old,male,lesion over 5 mm and lymph node metastasis have poor prognosis and active opera-tion treatment is needed. When in operation,the excision extension should take clinical data into consideration, and complete resection of the lesions and preservation of the normal tissue as much as possible should be done. For the patients with lymph node metastasis,lymph node dissection is feasible,and the central lymph node dis-section is applicable for the negative lymph nodes. Reduce the risk of recurrence and metastasis,increase the survival rate of patients with tumor and improve the quality of life,become the prime target of the follow up,in which the standardized treatment of TMC plays a vital role.

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Basic and clinical research progress of diffuse intrinsic pontine glioma

Xiangyi KONG ; Qiangyi ZHOU ; Keyin CHEN ; Shuai LIU ; Yu WANG ; Wenbin MA

Journal of International Oncology.2015;(5):371-373. doi:10.3760/cma.j.issn.1673-422X.2015.05.014

Diffuse intrinsic pontine glioma( DIPG)is a highly invasive tumor located in the pons (middle)of the brain stem. They are usually diagnosed during childhood and account for 10% -15% of primary brain tumors in children. DIPG has a very poor prognosis. Fewer than 10% of DIPG patients survive more than 2 years after diagnosis. The imaging manifestations of DIPG are typical,and biopsy is only performed in atypi-cal cases. The tissue specimens of newly diagnosed DIPG are very few and limit its molecular biological research. Recent advances in surgical and molecular-analytic techniques have increased the safety of biopsy which has already been used in many clinical trials step by step. The research of DIPG′s molecular pathogenesis and treatment is sure to achieve new breakthroughs.

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Expression and clinically pathological analysis of the protein CDC6 and HOXA5 in esophageal squa-mous cell carcinoma

Lijuan FAN ; Jian ZHANG ; Fanzhong LIN ; Hongyun LI

Journal of International Oncology.2015;(5):327-330. doi:10.3760/cma.j.issn.1673-422X.2015.05.003

Objective To investigate the expression and clinical significance of cell division cycle 6 (CDC6)and homeobox gene A5(HOXA5)in esophageal squamous cell carcinoma. Methods The expres-sion of CDC6 and HOXA5 in 51 specimens esophageal squamous cell carcinoma and 27 normal specimens esophageal tissues were evaluated by immunohistochemistry. Analyzed the relationship among the expression of CDC6 and HOXA5 protein and the clinicopathologic features of esophageal squamous cell carcinoma,along with the correlation between these two proteins. Results Immunohistochemical results showed that the positive expression rate of CDC6 and HOXA5 in esophageal squamous cell carcinoma tissue were 66. 7%(34 / 51)and 60. 8%(31 / 51),respectively,significantly higher than those in normal esophageal tissue18. 5%(5 / 27), 22. 2%(6 / 27),(χ2 = 16. 370,P = 0. 000;χ2 = 10. 528,P = 0. 001);There were significant positive correlation in the expression of CDC6 and HOXA5 and histological type(χ2 = 9. 031,P = 0. 011;χ2 = 7. 372,P = 0. 000), TNM stage(χ2 = 10. 474,P = 0. 015;χ2 = 11. 667,P = 0. 009),and there were no correlation in the expression of CDC6 and HOXA5 and age(χ2 = 0. 000,P = 1. 000;χ2 = 0. 001,P = 0. 972),sex(χ2 = 0. 049,P = 0. 824;χ2 = 0. 107,P = 0. 743),lymph node metastasis(χ2 = 3. 186,P = 0. 074;χ2 = 2. 212,P = 0. 137)in esophageal squamous cell carcinoma tissues. The expression of CDC6 and HOXA5 showed a positive correlation( r =0. 454,P = 0. 001). Conclusion The positive expression rate of CDC6 and HOXA5 in esophageal squamous cell carcinoma tissue were significantly higher than in normal esophageal tissue and close correlation with TNM stage and differentiation. High expression of CDC6 and HOXA5 may play important roles in the occurrence, development and proliferation of esophageal squamous cell carcinoma.

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Molecular biomarkers related prognosis in hepatocellular carcinoma

Baoguo LI ; Zhi GUO

Journal of International Oncology.2015;(5):395-398. doi:10.3760/cma.j.issn.1673-422X.2015.05.021

The occurence and progress of hepatocellular carcinoma(HCC)is a complex network inter-action process connected by multiple signaling pathways involving genes,cells and various active molecules. The effects and functions of biological molecular markers also vary among different pathways. Moreover,wheth-er the molecular markers have prediction effects for the prognosis of HCC remains unclear,and studies investing this issue are still insufficient. The current studies reveal that molecular markers involves in multiple pathways including gene expression,gene regulation,cell cycle regulation,cancer stem cell proliferation and differentia-tion. These processes are intimately associated with the occurrence and prognosis of HCC. The relevant gene or molecular that may indicate the prognosis of HCC includes p53 gene,long non-coding RNA,cell cycle regula-tors,liver cancer stem cell surface-associated molecules,etc.

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Second line treatment of non-small cell lung cancer

Qini XU ; Xuyuan LI ; Hongbiao WANG

Journal of International Oncology.2015;(5):385-387. doi:10.3760/cma.j.issn.1673-422X.2015.05.018

The cytotoxic agents pemetrexed and docetaxel and the epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR)tyrosine kinase inhibitors(TKIs)erlotinib and gefitinib are standard second-line therapies for non-small cell lung cancer. For patients without the EGFR mutation,more and more evidence has suggested the superiority of chemotherapy over targeted therapy. Adding targeted agents to standard second-line treatment is an trend of exploration,but without promising results nowadays. Crizotinib,targeting at anaplastic lymphoma kinase,has been shown excellent efficacy for second-line therapy in non-small cell lung cancer.

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Research progress of different chemotherapy regimens combined with radiotherapy for non-small cell lung cancer

Shapeng SHI ; Bo HAN

Journal of International Oncology.2015;(5):381-384. doi:10.3760/cma.j.issn.1673-422X.2015.05.017

Advanced non-small cell lung cancer(NSCLC)accounts for all NSCLC 45% . In recent years,chemotherapy combined with radiotherapy has become a new standard for NSCLC. On NSCLC radiothera-py and chemotherapy(CRCT),radiation total dose,fractionation method,different chemotherapy combined with radiotherapy have many details in the efficiency and toxicity tolerance,which are still in the exploration.

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Development of ABCC4 on various tumors and chemotherapy drugs

Jin YAN ; Xiaoting ZHAO ; Mei JIANG ; Wentao YUE

Journal of International Oncology.2015;(5):367-370. doi:10.3760/cma.j.issn.1673-422X.2015.05.013

ATP binding cassette C4(ABCC4,MRP4)plays an important role in transshipment physio-logic,endogenous or exogenous substances. The over expression of ABCC4 gene has been found in many kinds of solid tumors and hematological malignancies. The target gene also influences metastasis and recurrence process. ABCC4 can reduce the intracellular concentration and the sensitivity of various chemotherapy drugs, which is bad for prognosis.

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