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Effects of anti-tumor drugs on myeloid-derived suppressor cells

Journal of International Oncology.2013;40(9):655-658. doi:10.3760/cma.j.issn.1673-422X.2013.09.005

Myeloid-derived suppressor cells (MDSCs) play an important immunosuppressive role during the tumor development process.And the progression of many tumors are always accompanied with abnormal accumulation of MDSCs.Moreover,both the accumulation and functions of MDSCs could be affected by complicated factors.Therefore,how to effectively reduce the immunosuppressive effects of MDSCs in oncotherapy has become the focus of scholars.Recent studies show that anti-tumor drugs can affect many biological behaviors of MDSCs.

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Application of three-dimensional cell culture model in cancer research

Jieyu WANG ; Weiwei FENG

Journal of International Oncology.2013;40(9):659-661. doi:10.3760/cma.j.issn.1673-422X.2013.09.006

Compared to the conventional two-dimensional (2D) culture,in vitro three-dimensional cell culture (3DCC) can mimic the microenvironment more exactly.Compared to in vivo animal models,3DCC is less time-consuming and can be real-time recorded.Thus,3DCC fills the gap between 2D culture and animal models,which is used for oncologic research quickly.In 3DCC,the characteristics of cancer cells,such as morphology,the capability of invasion and migration and the resistance to chemo-radiotherapy,are quite different from those in 2D culture.The development of 3DCC technology provides a platform for oncology,organization engineering and gene or drug screening.

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Circulating tumor cell detection technology and its appfication in non-small cell lung cancer

Dianxia GONG ; Guixin LI ; Zhong LU ; Wenhao WANG

Journal of International Oncology.2013;40(10):769-771. doi:10.3760/cma.j.issn.1673-422X.2013.10.015

As a useful supplement for TNM staging system of non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC),circulating tumor cell (CTC) can better reflect the comprehensive condition of the patient.CTC plays an important potential role in monitoring curative effect of lung cancer,and has the effect of real-time detection.With the development of the CTC detection method and the improvement of sensitivity and specificity,clinical studies about CTC will provide more help for prognosis evaluation.

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Study of circulating tumor cells in lung cancer

Junning LIU ; Shuai ZHANG ; Yan YU

Journal of International Oncology.2013;40(10):772-774. doi:10.3760/cma.j.issn.1673-422X.2013.10.016

Circulating tumor cells (CTCs) are present in the peripheral blood,and play an important role in the recurrence and metastasis of lung cancer.As the researches about CTCs and targeted therapy move along,it is found that CTCs can be used as a liquid tumor tissue to guide clinical treatment and have a certain significance in the clinical staging and prognosis evaluation of lung cancer.

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Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway and glioma

Mengna CHEN ; Ting LIU ; Geng GUO

Journal of International Oncology.2013;40(9):668-670. doi:10.3760/cma.j.issn.1673-422X.2013.09.009

Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway is highly conserved in evolution,which involves in the regulation of a variety of biological processes such as embryonic growth,development,energy metabolism and stem cells maintenance.Aberrant activation of Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway has a closely relationship with tumorigenesis.Investigating the role of Wnt/β-catenin signaling in glioma cell proliferation,invasion,apoptosis and tumor angiogenesis will provide novel therapeutic targets and intervening measures for glioma treatment.

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Progression of risk related genes in thyroid papillary carcinoma

Liehao JIANG ; Minghua GE ; Zhiqiang LING

Journal of International Oncology.2013;40(9):671-674. doi:10.3760/cma.j.issn.1673-422X.2013.09.010

In recent years,the abnormal expressions of BRAF,Runx2,Runx3 and S100A4 genes in thyroid papillary carcinoma have been found in many studies.The abnomal expressions of those genes are closely related to the tumor invasion,lymph node metastasis,mulifocality of thyroid papillary carcinoma,which may be valuable in clinical diagnosis and treatment.

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Molecular targeted therapy for breast cancer patients based on Notch signal transduction pathway

Yongqu ZHANG ; Xiaowei DOU ; Guojun ZHANG

Journal of International Oncology.2013;40(9):678-680. doi:10.3760/cma.j.issn.1673-422X.2013.09.012

Studies show that the Notch signal transduction pathway involves in the regulation and control of cell proliferation,differentiation and apoptosis.Aberrant Notch signaling transduction pathway can induce breast cancer in transgenic mice.High expressions of either Notch receptors or their ligands have been linked to poor prognosis in patients with breast cancer.Inhibition of Notch signal transduction pathway may be beneficial for breast cancer treatment.

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Expression of CXCR4 in breast cancer and the relationship between CXCR4 and Hedgehog signaling pathway

Shuangfei XU ; Jie WANG ; Zhigang ZHUANG

Journal of International Oncology.2013;40(9):711-714. doi:10.3760/cma.j.issn.1673-422X.2013.09.023

Objective To detect the expressions of CXCR4,Smoothened (Smo) and Patched (Ptch) in breast cancer,to analyze the clinical significance of the expression of CXCR4,and to evaluate the relationships among CXCR4,Smo and Ptch.Methods The expressions of CXCR4,Smo and Ptch from 121 cases of breast cancer specimens were detected by immunohistochemistry,and the results were analyzed.Results The positive expression rate of CXCR4 in breast cancer was 66.9％,which was positively associated with the lymph node metastasis (r =0.181,P =0.044).The positive expression rates of Smo and Ptch in breast cancer were respectively 58.9％ and 64.5％.The expressions of Smo and Ptch were positively associated with the expression of CXCR4 in breast cancer (r =0.189,P =0.036 ; r =0.230,P =0.010).Conclusion The expression of CXCR4 in breast cancer is associated with the lymph node metastasis,and it is positiviely associated with the expressions of Smo and Ptch.Patients with breast cancer who express both CXCR4 and Hedgehog signaling pathway may have a higher risk of recurrence.

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Expression and clinical significance of EphA8 in colon cancer

Xinjun LU ; Xiao LI

Journal of International Oncology.2013;40(9):715-720. doi:10.3760/cma.j.issn.1673-422X.2013.09.024

Objective To investigate the expression of EphA8 in colon cancer and its clinical significance.Methods Real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) and Western blot were respectively used to assess the expressions of EphA8 mRNA and protein in normal colon mucosa cell line and colon cancer cell lines.Immunohistochemistry for EphA8 and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) were performed in 98 cases of colon cancer and 12 matched normal mucosa tissues.CD31 immunohistochemical staining was used for microvascular density (MVD) counting.The relationships between the expression of EphA8 and the expression of VEGF and MVD,the clinical pathological significance,and the prognosis of patients were analyzed by statistical methods.Results EphA8 mRNA expressions were significantly higher in colon cancer cell lines than those in normal mucosa cell line (t =11.98,13.54,P ＜0.001).EphA8 protein expressions were significantly higher in colon cancer cell lines than those in normal mucosa cell line (t =4.63,P =0.006;t =4.92,P =0.004).The high expression of EphA8 was closely related to tumor size (x2 =22.97,P＜0.001),TNM stage (P＜0.001),differentiated degree (P =0.007)and lymph node metastasis (P＜0.001),distant metastasis (x2 =6.97,P =0.008) and poor survival rote (x2 =17.3,P ＜0.001).But it was not associated with the gender and age (x2 =1.36,P =0.30; x2 =0.83,P=0.44).Besides,EphA8 had positive correlation with the VEGF and MVD (r =0.434,P ＜0.001; r =0.584,P ＜0.001).Conclusion EphA8 may play important roles in the development and metastasis of colon cancer,which has potential clinical values in the therapeutic intervention and prognosis of colon cancer.

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Roles of miR-494 in tumors

Mingchun LI ; Aibing WU ; Zhixiong YANG

Journal of International Oncology.2013;40(10):726-729. doi:10.3760/cma.j.issn.1673-422X.2013.10.002

MiR-494 involves in cell cycle regulation,differentiation and apoptosis processes of normal ceils.Recent study shows that abnormal expression of miR-494 is associated with oncogenesis closely,and it participates in the invasion and metastasis of tumor cells and so on.MiR-494 is not only a tumor suppressor gene,but also can be considered as a cancer-promoting gene.MiR-494 can regulate the oncogenesis and development of the tumor through a variety of target genes and signaling pathways.

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