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Expression and significance of TRAIL and its receptor DR5 in murine myocardium with acute viral myocarditis

International Journal of Pediatrics.2010;37(4):345-348,441. doi:10.3760/cma.j.issn.1673-4408.2010.04.004

Objective To deterine the expression of TNF-related apoptosis inducing ligand (TRAIL) and its receptor DR5 in murine myocardium with acute viral myocarditis(VM).Methods We builted the model of VM.Eight mice of the VM group and the normal control group were sacrificed on the 7th,10th,14th,21st,28th day after inoculation CVB3 virus.The myocardial histopathological scores were counted.The terminal reansferase-mediated dUPT-biotin nick end-labeling (TUNEL) assays was used to quantified apoptosis rate.The expression of TRAIL and DR5 protein and mRNA were determined by the method of immunohistochemistry and reverse-transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR).Results The expression of TRAIL and DR5 protein and mRNA were found in myocardium of both the normal control group and the VM group.The expression of TRAIL protein of the VM group(14th) were significantly higher than which in the normal group at the same time and the VM group(7th)(F=9.17,P<0.01).The DR5 protein of the VM group(10th,14th,21st)were significantly higher than which in the normal group at the same time and the VM group(7th)(F=13.32,P<0.01).The expression of TRAIL and DR5 protein were positive correlated with the myocardial histopathological scores and the apoptosis rate.The expression of TRAIL mRNA of the VM group(10th) were significantly higher than which in the normal group at the same time and the VM group(7th)(F=10.86,P<0.01).The DR5 mRNA of the VM group(10th,14th)were significantly higher than which in the normal group at the same time and the VM group(7th)(F=22.75,P<0.01).Conclusion High characteristic expressions of protein/mRNA TRAIL and DR5 were observed in the myocardium of mice with VM.The level was positive correlationed with the account of pathology and the rate of apoptosis.The apoptosis induced by TRAIL and DR5 may participate in the pathophysiological processes of VM.

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The changes of hormones in newborns of gestational diabetes mellitus mother

Xia LIN

International Journal of Pediatrics.2011;38(1):24-25,29. doi:10.3760/cma.j.issn.1673-4408.2011.01.009

The morbidity of gestational diabetes mellitus(GDM) is increasing year by year. We used to think that abnormalities of newborns of GDM mother were caused by hyperglycemia in utero, but more and more studies have found that, though blood glucose of some GDM mothers is well controlled, they are also prone to delivery macrosomia and encounter complication in perinatal period. So more and more scholars think these are associated with parasecretion of hormones. Many studies find that some kinds of hormones in newborns of GDM mother have changed.

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Osteoclasts and T-helper cells

Chaobin SHEN ; Qiaoe WANG

International Journal of Pediatrics.2012;39(1):105-107,封3. doi:10.3760/cma.j.issn.1673-4408.2012.01.031

The interaction between T cell and osteoclasts is important in osteoimmunology.T-helper cells,which produce interleukin-17,induce the expression of receptor activator of nuclear factor κB ligand in synovial cells.Companied by with inflammatory cytokines,they stimulate the differentiation and activation of osteoclasts.Osteoimmunology helps us understand how antirheumatic drugs work,as well as developing new therapeutic strategies for rheumatic diseases.

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Development of pediatric sepsis management

Yuanyuan WANG

International Journal of Pediatrics.2013;(1):1-5,9. doi:10.3760/cma.j.issn.1673-4408.2013.01.001

Sepsis is a major cause of mortality among children and newborns.The largest part of the global pediatric sepsis burden occurs in middle-and low-income countries,where the mortality of sepsis reaches 24％-50％.It is necessary to provide clinicians with a framework to improve the management of pediatric septic patients.The key of treatment is to ensure adequate tissue perfusion,to maintain cardiovascular and hemodynamic stability,the administration of adequate antibiotics,the proper use of glucocorticoid,and so on.

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Liver X receptor and metabolic disorder in metabolic syndrome

Jing LI

International Journal of Pediatrics.2012;39(1):85-87,91. doi:10.3760/cma.i.issn.1673-4408.2012.01.025

The liver X receptor(LXR) is one of the nuclear receptors related to metabolic syndrome.LXR plays an important role in the balance of cholesterol and lipid metabolism.LXR has been found to increase the utilization of glucose,decrease the insulin resistance,and simultaneously has an adverse effect in islet β cell.LXR influences fat cell differentiation and reduces expression of the obese gene then cause obesity.It also participates the development of non-alcoholic fatty liver and control the atherosclerosis.LXR is involved in inflammatory responses in macrophages and lymphocytes.The ability of LXR to integrate metabolic and inflammatory signaling makes it particularly attractive target for intervention in human metabolic diseases.In this review,we summarize the studies of LXR,clarify the LXR in the prospects for the treatment of metabolic syndrome.

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The mechanism of hypoxia-induced persistent pulmonary hypertension of newborn and pulmonary vascular remodeling

Yanping XU ; Lizhong DU

International Journal of Pediatrics.2010;37(2):109-111,148. doi:10.3760/cma.j.issn.1673-4408.2010.02.001

Persistent pulmonary hypertension of newborn (PPHN) is a clinical syndrome,characterized by pulmonary arterial pressure elevated relative to systemic blood pressure,leading to extrapulmonary right-to-left shunting of blood across the ductus arteriosus and foramen ovale,causing severe hypoxemia.Pulmonary vascular remodeling is pathognomonic of hypoxia-induced PPHN.The regulatory mechanism and cell composition of vascular wall were dysfunction,which led to vascular wall thickened.The review focus on three aspects,such as endothelial cells,smooth muscle cells,and adventitial cells,described the relation and the possible mechanisms between hypoxia-induced PPHN and pulmonary vascular remodeling.

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Progress in biological function of glycomacropeptide

Longguang HUANG ; Wei ZHOU ; Shengmei WU

International Journal of Pediatrics.2010;37(2):215-217,221. doi:10.3760/cma.j.issn.1673-4408.2010.02.034

Glycomacropeptide(GMP) is a polypeptide fragment derived from κ-casein after rennin treatment.At present,the structures of GMP in human beings,cows and goats have been established.The sialic acid structure contained in the polypeptide chain of GMP is very important for the exertion of the biological function.GMP has many biological functions,such as anti-infection,regulating immunity,anti-inflammation,nourishing and maintaining health,and so on.As a new-type bio-functional protein,it will be more and more widely used in the areas of medicine and foodstuff.

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Progress in use of brain natriuretic peptide in congenital heart disease and perioperative pediatric cardiac operation

Shuna XIAO

International Journal of Pediatrics.2013;(3):254-256,260. doi:10.3760/cma.j.issn.1673-4408.2013.03.012

Brain natriuretic peptide (BNP) is a neuroendocrine hormone,which has a positive correlation with degree of cardiac dysfunction and pulmonary arterial hypertension of children with congenital heart disease (CHD).BNP has been shown to be a simple,accurate and useful biochemical indicator in assessing cardiac dysfunction degree and reflecting perioperative cardiac function state of children with CHD.It has prognostic value in congenital heart surgery and can guide the perioperative treatment and reduce the postoperative complications and mortality.It is a quick,instant bedside inspection supplementary means.This article describes the relevance between BNP and CHD and the application progress of BNP in pefioperative of CHD.

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Effects of polydatin on intercellular cell adhesion molecule-1 in cortex of neonatal rats with hypoxicischemia brain damage

Yunxia QU ; Kaihua LI ; Huimin HE ; Zhaohui WANG ; Lixin XU

International Journal of Pediatrics.2011;38(1):94-95,封3,封4. doi:10.3760/cma.j.issn.1673-4408.2011.01.033

Objective To investigate the protective effects and possible mechanisms of polydatin(PD) on hypoxic-ischemia brain damage(HIBD) in neonatal rat by means of the expression of intercellular cell adhesion molecule( ICAM)-1 in cortex. Methods Fifty-four SD rats were divided into 3 groups at random, shame group (no HIBD), HIBD group (no medication) ,and PD treatment group. 7day-old rat's HIBD model was established by Rice's method. ICAM-1 expression in brain after HIBD was measured in different time by Immunohistochemitry technique. Results In sham group, there were less brain microvessel immunostained positively. In HIBD group,the number of ICAM-1 immuno-positive staining blood vessels increased significantly after 6h, 12h reached peak point. ICAM-1 immunoreactive staining of blood vessels levels continued in the peak after 24h. In PD treatment group, ICAM-1 expression on brain microvascular endothelial decreased after HIBD 6h, 12h, 24h, which was significant compared with HIBD group( P < 0. 05 or P < 0. 01 separately). Conclusion The expression of ICAM-1 was involved in the procedure induced by hypoxic-ischemia. After HIBD, polydatin would downregulate ICAM-1 expression in cerebral microvascular endothelial, and inhibite the inflammatory response.

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Progress of treatment of IgA nephropathy in children

Rui DAI ; Bo HU

International Journal of Pediatrics.2010;37(2):177-178,202. doi:10.3760/cma.j.issn.1673-4408.2010.02.022

There is not a unified and specific treatment for IgA nephropathy at present,and the treatments varies with the individuals,because of the great disparity of seriousness,diversity in pathological changes and discrepancy in course of the disease.It is still regarded as the major therapeutic objective in clinical medicine that alleviating the clinical symptoms,protecting the kidney function,and delaying the progress of kidney disease.

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