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Expression and significance of TRAIL and its receptor DR5 in murine myocardium with acute viral myocarditis

International Journal of Pediatrics.2010;37(4):345-348,441. doi:10.3760/cma.j.issn.1673-4408.2010.04.004

Objective To deterine the expression of TNF-related apoptosis inducing ligand (TRAIL) and its receptor DR5 in murine myocardium with acute viral myocarditis(VM).Methods We builted the model of VM.Eight mice of the VM group and the normal control group were sacrificed on the 7th,10th,14th,21st,28th day after inoculation CVB3 virus.The myocardial histopathological scores were counted.The terminal reansferase-mediated dUPT-biotin nick end-labeling (TUNEL) assays was used to quantified apoptosis rate.The expression of TRAIL and DR5 protein and mRNA were determined by the method of immunohistochemistry and reverse-transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR).Results The expression of TRAIL and DR5 protein and mRNA were found in myocardium of both the normal control group and the VM group.The expression of TRAIL protein of the VM group(14th) were significantly higher than which in the normal group at the same time and the VM group(7th)(F=9.17,P<0.01).The DR5 protein of the VM group(10th,14th,21st)were significantly higher than which in the normal group at the same time and the VM group(7th)(F=13.32,P<0.01).The expression of TRAIL and DR5 protein were positive correlated with the myocardial histopathological scores and the apoptosis rate.The expression of TRAIL mRNA of the VM group(10th) were significantly higher than which in the normal group at the same time and the VM group(7th)(F=10.86,P<0.01).The DR5 mRNA of the VM group(10th,14th)were significantly higher than which in the normal group at the same time and the VM group(7th)(F=22.75,P<0.01).Conclusion High characteristic expressions of protein/mRNA TRAIL and DR5 were observed in the myocardium of mice with VM.The level was positive correlationed with the account of pathology and the rate of apoptosis.The apoptosis induced by TRAIL and DR5 may participate in the pathophysiological processes of VM.

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Progress on molecular genetics in atypical hemolytic uremic syndrome

Limin GAO

International Journal of Pediatrics.2011;38(2):147-150. doi:10.3760/cma.j.issn.1673-4408.2011.02.017

Atypical hemolytic uremic syndrome(aHUS) has recently been shown to be a rare disease of genetic predisposition, including genes of complement factor H(CFH), membrane cofactor protein(MCP, CD46)and complement factor Ⅰ(CFI), which are complement regulatory genes. Genes mutation is about 50%,involving the three genes mutation, including nonsense mutation, missen mutation, silent mutation, splice mutation and insertion mutation. Autosomal dominant inheritance and autosomal recessive inheritance have been reported, however, for autosomal dominant inheritance, the three genes mutations are incomplete penetrance.

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The biological characteristics of p300/CBP-associated factor and relationship with disease

Jingyun XIE

International Journal of Pediatrics.2011;38(2):139-141. doi:10.3760/cma.j.issn.1673-4408.2011.02.014

p300/CBP-associated factor (PCAF)is an important histone acetyltransferase in eukaryotic cells. PCAF can acetylizes histone and non-histone. PCAF participates in various biological processes of cells and in the interaction between virus and cells. The imbalance of PCAF would lead to abnormal development of various organs, and related to the development of some tumors.

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The function of T helper type 17 cell in intestinal mucosal immunity

Rui XU

International Journal of Pediatrics.2011;38(2):155-158. doi:10.3760/cma.j.issn.1673-4408.2011.02.019

The intestinal mucosa is the biggest lymph organ in human body, which consists of the first line of defensive system with the respiratory mucosa and urinary mucosa. The intestinal mucosa is responsible to defend bacteria, viruses, dietary pathogens, non-steroid anti-inflammatory drug and so on. If the intestinal mucosal immune system is destroyed, the human will suffer many diseases such as infectious diseases,autoimmune diseases. Therefore, it plays an important part in physical health. T helper type 17 (Th17) cells different from Th1 cells and Th2 cells are a distinct lineage of T cells. The discovery of Th17 cells has ruined the constitutional pattern of Th1/Th2. Th17 cells, which are important parts of intestinal mucosal immune system,play critical roles in intestinal autoimmune diseases, tissue inflammation and the infection of various pathogenic bacteria. This paper will review the differentiation of Th17 cell and its function in intestinal mucosal barrier,intestinal autoimmune diseases and intestinal infectious diseases.

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Validation of the Oxford classification for pediatric IgA nephropathy

Huijuan ZHANG ; Qingyin GUO ; Wensheng ZHAI ; Xianqing REN ; Ying DING ; Xiaoqing YANG

International Journal of Pediatrics.2013;40(5):532-534,537. doi:10.3760/cma.j.issn.1673-4408.2013.05.026

Objective To assess the validity of the Oxford classification for pediatric patients with primary IgA nephropathy (IgAN) and to analyze the correlations between clinical characteristics at time of biopsy and the Oxford classification,which identified four definitive histological features:mesangial hypereellularity,endocapillary proliferation,segmental sclerosis and tubular atrophy/interstitial fibrosis.Methods Clinical and pathological characteristics of 35 children with primary IgAN were analyzed.The scoring sheet was based on the Oxford classification of IgAN,and four pathological variables,namely mesangial hypercellularity (M),endocapillary proliferation (E),segmental sclerosis (S),and tubular atrophy/interstitial fibrosis (T) were assessed.A total of 35 children with IgAN were grouped according to the scores(M,E,S,T):the M0 and M1 group,E0 and E1 group,S0 and S1 group,T0 and T1/T2 group.These groups were compared in terms of estimated glomeralar filtration rate (eGFR),mean artery pressure (MAP) and proteinuria at time of biopsy.Results We found that the Oxford classification was significantly negatively correlated with eGFR (Pearson's correlation coefficient r =-0.48).However,the Oxford classification was shown to be positively associated with initial proteinuria per day(Pearson's correlation coefficient r =0.35).The M,E,S,T scores were strongly associated with proteinuria at biopsy (P ＜ 0.05),and the lesion S was not correlated with eGFR (P ＞ 0.05).The lesion T was significantly associated with eGFR (P =0.001) and MAP (P =0.03) at biopsy.Conclusion We confirmed that the Oxford classification of IgA nephropathy was valid for children.In addition,our study indicated that the four histological lesions M,E,S and T were significantly associated with clinical features.

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The clinical application of pressure-time curve in the mechanical ventilation

Yanjiang CHEN

International Journal of Pediatrics.2013;40(6):617-620,638. doi:10.3760/cma.j.issn.1673-4408.2013.06.022

Respiratory waveforms are helpful for respiratory therapist in getting the real-time changes of respiratory mechanics and dynamically adjusting ventilator parameters.Pressure-time curve is the most common waveform of ventilator.Correctly grasp the pressure-time curve is important for clinicians.The clinical appfication of pressure-time curve in the different conditions of mechanical ventilation were reviewed.

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Acute kidney injury and cell cycle regulation

Yunlin SHEN ; Wenyan HUANG

International Journal of Pediatrics.2014;41(3):331-333,336. doi:10.3760/cma.j.issn.1673-4408.2014.03.030

Acute kidney injury(AKI) has emerged as a major public health problem that leads to decreased survival.In AKI,cell hyperplasia,hypertrophy and apoptosis are related to the cell cycle control.Two supervisory restriction points,G1/S and G2/M checkpoints,are responsible for cell-cycle control.Furthermore,cell cycle regulatory proteins are also involved in the regulation of the cell cycle in AKI.This review focuses on the cell cycle regulation mechanism of AKI.

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The characteristics of high-resolution CT imaging of mycopalsma pneumonia in children

Li CHEN ; Xuxu CAI ; Yunxiao SHANG

International Journal of Pediatrics.2013;40(6):635-638,封3. doi:10.3760/cma.j.issn.1673-4408.2013.06.027

Objective According to the clinical imaging for mycoplasma pneumoniae pneumonia,lung CT imaging features of mycoplasma pneumoniae pneumonia were summarized in children.Methods The CT findings and clinical features of 66 patients were retrospectively reviewed(average age was 7 years with 30 males and 36 females) with confirmed pneumoniae pneumonia.The CT images were analyzed by two experienced pulmonologists.Results The most common finding in the mycoplasma pneumoniae pneumonia group was bronchial wall thickening with 69.9％,air bronchogram up 65.1％,over all age groups there was no significant difference;ground-glass-like changes up to15.1％,scattered patchy shadows up to 45.5％,more common in infants; lung consolidation accounted for 48.4％, tree bud accounted for 34.8％,the above results more common in older children.Conclusions Mycoplasma pneumoniae pneumonia HRCT imaging features include:bronchial wall thickening inflatable, the tree bud tree fog sign,ground glass-like changes,scattered patchy shadows,dense coalescent consolidation,and lung CT may improve the early diagnosis of mycoplasma pneumonia.

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Literature and bioinformatic analysis of dysregulated genes in lung tissues of hyperoxic lung injury

Yuge HUANG ; Shandan ZHANG ; Hao HAN ; Xing CHEN ; Haiping YIN ; Xuehui ZHENG

International Journal of Pediatrics.2013;40(6):639-641,654. doi:10.3760/cma.j.issn.1673-4408.2013.06.028

Objective To explore the pathogenesis mechanism of hyperoxic lung injury and the effective means for its clinical treatment,the difference of the gene expressions between lung tissues of hyperoxic lung injury and normal lung was compared.Methods The differentially expressed genes between lung tissues of hyperoxic lung injury and normal lung were obtained from PubMed.The dysregulated genes in lung tissues of hyperoxic lung injury were analyzed by a series of bioinformatics methods,including pathways,gene ontology and functional annotation clustering analysis.Results 467 lines of differentially expressed genes were found and genes more than 2-fold regulated were 189.We sought the mapping of genes in the KEGG databases through functional annotation tools,and we discovered there were 5 lines of pathways with difference having outstangding statistical significance through metabolic pathways enrichment degree analysis.It reflected the pathways were closely related to hyperoxic lung injury (the 2-fold upregulated genes were 14,the 2-fold down-regulated genes were 6).GO analysis revealed that these genes were involved in hematopietic cell lineage,axon guidance,adherens junction,T cell receptor signaling pathway and focal adhesion.Conclusions Therefore,it is believed that the above-mentioned 20 lines of gnes are the major ones for the hyperoxic lung injury and the research on them will provide effective means for revealing the molecular mechanism of hyperoxic lung injury and identifying the targeted therapy.

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Therapeutical effect of somatostatin on the bowel barrier damage of hypoxic encephalopathy

Tong WANG ; Guilan CHU

International Journal of Pediatrics.2009;36(4):331-333,封3. doi:10.3760/cma.j.issn.1673-4408.2009.04.003

Objective To explore the therapeutical effect of somatostatin(SST) on the damaged bowel barrier of 7-day-old SD rats with hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy(HIE). Methods Total 7-day-old SD rats were randomly divided into untreated control group(n=6), sham-operated group(n = 6), HIE model group(n = 8) and SST-treated group(n = 8). After 6 hours of operation, abdominal aorta blood of the rats was collected to measure the level of D-lactic acid, the ileum was taken for pathological analysis and immunohistochemistry staining of SP. Results The level of D-lactic acid in HIE model group was obviously increased[(10.30 ± 1.70)mg/L], and there were significant differences compared to untreated control group, sham-operated group as well as SST-treated group respectively(P < 0.05, respectively). The cillia of ileum became widen and shorten, and the number of it decreased. At the same time, in the stratum mucosa and the neurofibrillary tangle, the expression of SP was increased (average optical density: 12.67 ± 5.46), and there were significant differences compared to untreated control group, sham-operated group as well as SST-treated group raspectively (P < 0.05,respectively).Compared with HIE model group,the level of D-lactic aeid decreased obviously[(7.35 ± 1.55) mg/L] in SST-treated group,and there were no differences compared to untreated control group and sham-operated group respectively. The intestinal villi became thinner and higher in the SST-treated group, even the number increased. Besides that, the expression of SP decreased(average optical density: 0.73 ± 0.09), and there were no differences compared to untreated control group and sham-operated group respectively. Conclusion The therapeutical effect of SST on the bowel barrier damage of 7-day-old SD rats with HIE is clear.

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