Brain natriuretic peptide (BNP) is a neuroendocrine hormone,which has a positive correlation with degree of cardiac dysfunction and pulmonary arterial hypertension of children with congenital heart disease (CHD).BNP has been shown to be a simple,accurate and useful biochemical indicator in assessing cardiac dysfunction degree and reflecting perioperative cardiac function state of children with CHD.It has prognostic value in congenital heart surgery and can guide the perioperative treatment and reduce the postoperative complications and mortality.It is a quick,instant bedside inspection supplementary means.This article describes the relevance between BNP and CHD and the application progress of BNP in pefioperative of CHD.