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A Case of Benign Meningioma Presented with Subdural Hemorrhage.

Joo Hwan KIM ; Ho Shin GWAK ; Eun Kyung HONG ; Chang Whan BANG ; Sang Hyun LEE ; Heon YOO

Brain Tumor Research and Treatment.2015;3(1):30-33. doi:10.14791/btrt.2015.3.1.30

Meningiomas are the most common benign intracranial tumors and make up 13-26% of all primary intracranial tumors. Clinical presentation of hemorrhage is rare in these tumors occurring in approximately 1.3% of cases and subdural hemorrhages are even more uncommon. The mechanism of hemorrhage is still unclear and may vary according to histologic type, location and the type of hemorrhage. We experienced a case of 61-year-old woman with a benign meningioma presenting as a subdural hemorrhage. She developed sudden onset of headache right after aggressively coughing. Her headache persisted for a week before she was admitted to the emergency room of National Cancer Center. She had a past medical history of ovarian cancer which had been treated and was allegedly recurrence-free for 2 years. At the time of admission, a headache was the only symptom and imaging studies showed a right frontal hemorrhagic subdural mass lesion accompanying an ipsilateral subdural hematoma. Elective surgery was performed and intraoperative findings revealed the hallmark characteristics of a meningioma with mixed stage diffuse subdural hematoma. Permanent pathology result determined it was a conventional meningioma (World Health Organization grade I). From this case, we discuss the rare presentation of subdural hemorrhage in meningioma and related points by reviewing the literature of previous studies.
Cough ; Emergency Service, Hospital ; Female ; Headache ; Hematoma, Subdural* ; Hemorrhage ; Humans ; Meningioma* ; Middle Aged ; Ovarian Neoplasms ; Pathology ; World Health Organization

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Validation of Housekeeping Genes for Gene Expression Analysis in Glioblastoma Using Quantitative Real-Time Polymerase Chain Reaction.

Madhuri G S AITHAL ; Narayanappa RAJESWARI

Brain Tumor Research and Treatment.2015;3(1):24-29. doi:10.14791/btrt.2015.3.1.24

BACKGROUND: Quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qPCR) is the most reliable tool for gene expression studies. Selection of housekeeping genes (HKGs) that are having most stable expression is critical to carry out accurate gene expression profiling. There is no 'universal' HKG having stable expression in all kinds of tissues under all experimental conditions. METHODS: The present study aims to identify most appropriate HKGs for gene expression analysis in glioblastoma (GBM) samples. Based on literature survey, six most commonly used HKGs that are invariant in GBM were chosen. We performed qPCR using RNA from formalin fixed paraffin embedded GBM samples and normal brain samples to investigate the expression pattern of HPRT, GAPDH, TBP, B2M, B2M, RPL13A, and RN18S1 with different abundance. A simple Deltacycle threshold approach was employed to calculate the fold change. RESULTS: Our study shows that the expression of RPL13A and TBP were found to be most stable across all the samples and are thus suitable for gene expression analysis in human GBM. Except for TBP, none of the other conventionally used HKGs in GBM studies e.g., HPRT and GAPDH were found to be suitable as they showed variation in RNA expression. CONCLUSION: Validation of HKGs is therefore immensely specific for a particular experimental setup and is crucial in assessing any new setup.
Brain ; Formaldehyde ; Gene Expression Profiling ; Gene Expression* ; Genes, Essential* ; Glioblastoma* ; Humans ; Hypoxanthine Phosphoribosyltransferase ; Paraffin ; Real-Time Polymerase Chain Reaction* ; RNA

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Modern Brain Tumor Imaging.

Marc C MABRAY ; Ramon F BARAJAS ; Soonmee CHA

Brain Tumor Research and Treatment.2015;3(1):8-23. doi:10.14791/btrt.2015.3.1.8

The imaging and clinical management of patients with brain tumor continue to evolve over time and now heavily rely on physiologic imaging in addition to high-resolution structural imaging. Imaging remains a powerful noninvasive tool to positively impact the management of patients with brain tumor. This article provides an overview of the current state-of-the art clinical brain tumor imaging. In this review, we discuss general magnetic resonance (MR) imaging methods and their application to the diagnosis of, treatment planning and navigation, and disease monitoring in patients with brain tumor. We review the strengths, limitations, and pitfalls of structural imaging, diffusion-weighted imaging techniques, MR spectroscopy, perfusion imaging, positron emission tomography/MR, and functional imaging. Overall this review provides a basis for understudying the role of modern imaging in the care of brain tumor patients.
Brain Neoplasms* ; Diagnosis ; Electrons ; Glioblastoma ; Glioma ; Humans ; Magnetic Resonance Imaging ; Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy ; Neuroimaging ; Perfusion Imaging

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Characteristics and Treatments of Large Cystic Brain Metastasis: Radiosurgery and Stereotactic Aspiration.

Moinay KIM ; Stephanie CHEOK ; Lawrance K CHUNG ; Nolan UNG ; Kimberly THILL ; Brittany VOTH ; Do Hoon KWON ; Jeong Hoon KIM ; Chang Jin KIM ; Stephen TENN ; Percy LEE ; Isaac YANG

Brain Tumor Research and Treatment.2015;3(1):1-7. doi:10.14791/btrt.2015.3.1.1

Brain metastasis represents one of the most common causes of intracranial tumors in adults, and the incidence of brain metastasis continues to rise due to the increasing survival of cancer patients. Yet, the development of cystic brain metastasis remains a relatively rare occurrence. In this review, we describe the characteristics of cystic brain metastasis and evaluate the combined use of stereotactic aspiration and radiosurgery in treating large cystic brain metastasis. The results of several studies show that stereotactic radiosurgery produces comparable local tumor control and survival rates as other surgery protocols. When the size of the tumor interferes with radiosurgery, stereotactic aspiration of the metastasis should be considered to reduce the target volume as well as decreasing the chance of radiation induced necrosis and providing symptomatic relief from mass effect. The combined use of stereotactic aspiration and radiosurgery has strong implications in improving patient outcomes.
Adult ; Brain* ; Drainage ; Humans ; Incidence ; Necrosis ; Neoplasm Metastasis* ; Radiosurgery* ; Survival Rate

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Large Mature Cystic Teratoma of the Third Ventricle in Infancy: A Case Report and Review of Literatures.

Byeong Jin HA ; Young Soo KIM ; Jin Hwan CHEONG

Brain Tumor Research and Treatment.2016;4(1):44-47. doi:10.14791/btrt.2016.4.1.44

Teratomas of the central nervous system are rare and are frequently found in children and young adults. Cystic teratomas found in infancy is a well-recognized but infrequent entity. Intracranial teratomas,like teratomas in general, tend to arise from midline structures such as the pineal gland, but has rarely been found in the third ventricle. We report a rare case of a 6-month-old infant with a mature cystic teratoma of the third ventricle with a review of literatures
Central Nervous System ; Child ; Humans ; Infant ; Pineal Gland ; Teratoma* ; Third Ventricle* ; Young Adult

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Clinical, Radiologic, and Pathologic Findings of Subdural Osteoma: A Case Report.

Eun Young KIM ; Yu Shik SHIM ; Dong Keun HYUN ; Hyeonseon PARK ; Se Yang OH ; Seung Hwan YOON

Brain Tumor Research and Treatment.2016;4(1):40-43. doi:10.14791/btrt.2016.4.1.40

We present a case of a subdural osteoma. A 29-year-old female presented with a 3-year history of headaches. Computed tomography scan revealed a homogeneous high-density lesion isolated from the inner table of the frontal bone (a lucent dural line) in the right frontal convexity. Magnetic resonance imaging revealed an extra-axial lesion with a broad base without dural tail sign and punctate enhancement pattern characteristic of abundant adipose tissue. Upon surgical excision, we found a hard bony mass clearly demarcated from the dura. The mass displayed characteristics of an osteoma upon histological examination. The symptom was relieved after operation.
Adipose Tissue ; Adult ; Brain Neoplasms ; Female ; Frontal Bone ; Headache ; Humans ; Magnetic Resonance Imaging ; Meningioma ; Osteoma* ; Tail

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Large Mature Cystic Teratoma of the Third Ventricle in Infancy: A Case Report and Review of Literatures.

Byeong Jin HA ; Young Soo KIM ; Jin Hwan CHEONG

Brain Tumor Research and Treatment.2016;4(1):44-47. doi:10.14791/btrt.2016.4.1.44

Teratomas of the central nervous system are rare and are frequently found in children and young adults. Cystic teratomas found in infancy is a well-recognized but infrequent entity. Intracranial teratomas,like teratomas in general, tend to arise from midline structures such as the pineal gland, but has rarely been found in the third ventricle. We report a rare case of a 6-month-old infant with a mature cystic teratoma of the third ventricle with a review of literatures
Central Nervous System ; Child ; Humans ; Infant ; Pineal Gland ; Teratoma* ; Third Ventricle* ; Young Adult

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Hypothalamic Extraventricular Neurocytoma (EVN) in a Pediatric Patient: A Case of EVN Treated with Subtotal Removal Followed by Adjuvant Radiotherapy.

Minjae CHO ; Jin Deok JOO ; Baek hui KIM ; Gheeyoung CHOE ; Chae Yong KIM

Brain Tumor Research and Treatment.2016;4(1):35-39. doi:10.14791/btrt.2016.4.1.35

Extra ventricular neurocytoma (EVN) is a rare brain tumor with histologic features similar with a central neurocytoma, but located outside of the ventricular system. In this study, we present an unusual case of hypothalamic EVN in a 14-year-old patient. The patient underwent subtotal removal and had tumor relapse. The patient was then treated using intensity modulated radiation therapy, and the tumor remained stable for 24 months. This case report may be important in that this is the first pediatric case of EVN located in the hypothalamic region. EVN has similar radiologic features with pilocytic astrocytomas and therefore a hypothalamic EVN may be misdiagnosed as a hypothalamic glioma. Also, the pathologic-radiologic-clinical correlation of EVN located in the hypothalamic area may be different from that of EVNs originating from other usual sites.
Adolescent ; Astrocytoma ; Brain Neoplasms ; Glioma ; Humans ; Hypothalamic Neoplasms ; Neurocytoma* ; Radiotherapy, Adjuvant* ; Recurrence

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Clinical, Radiologic, and Pathologic Findings of Subdural Osteoma: A Case Report.

Eun Young KIM ; Yu Shik SHIM ; Dong Keun HYUN ; Hyeonseon PARK ; Se Yang OH ; Seung Hwan YOON

Brain Tumor Research and Treatment.2016;4(1):40-43. doi:10.14791/btrt.2016.4.1.40

We present a case of a subdural osteoma. A 29-year-old female presented with a 3-year history of headaches. Computed tomography scan revealed a homogeneous high-density lesion isolated from the inner table of the frontal bone (a lucent dural line) in the right frontal convexity. Magnetic resonance imaging revealed an extra-axial lesion with a broad base without dural tail sign and punctate enhancement pattern characteristic of abundant adipose tissue. Upon surgical excision, we found a hard bony mass clearly demarcated from the dura. The mass displayed characteristics of an osteoma upon histological examination. The symptom was relieved after operation.
Adipose Tissue ; Adult ; Brain Neoplasms ; Female ; Frontal Bone ; Headache ; Humans ; Magnetic Resonance Imaging ; Meningioma ; Osteoma* ; Tail

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Acute Paraplegia as a Result of Hemorrhagic Spinal Ependymoma Masked by Spinal Anesthesia: Case Report and Review of Literature.

Sang Hyo LEE ; David Jaehyun PARK ; Sin Soo JEUN

Brain Tumor Research and Treatment.2016;4(1):30-34. doi:10.14791/btrt.2016.4.1.30

Ependymomas are the most common intramedullary spinal cord tumors in adults. Although a hemorrhage within spinal ependymoma on imaging studies is not uncommon, it has rarely been reported to bea cause of acute neurological deficit. In the present report, we describe a case of a 24-year-old female patient who developed acute paraplegia as a result of hemorrhagic spinal ependymoma immediately after a cesarean delivery under spinal regional anesthesia. We review the literature of hemorrhagic spinal ependymomas presenting with acute neurological deficit and discuss the most appropriate treatment for a good neurological recovery.
Adult ; Anesthesia, Conduction ; Anesthesia, Spinal* ; Ependymoma* ; Female ; Hemorrhage ; Humans ; Masks* ; Paraplegia* ; Spinal Cord Neoplasms ; Young Adult

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