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Research Progress on the Detection Method of DNA Methylation and Its Applica-tion in Forensic Science

Yanchai NIE ; Lijuan YU ; Hua GUAN ; Ying ZHAO ; Haibo RONG ; Bowei JIANG ; Tao ZHANG

Journal of Forensic Medicine.2017;33(3):293-300. doi:10.3969/j.issn.1004-5619.2017.03.017

A s an im portant part of epigenetic m arker, D N A m ethylation involves in the gene regulation and attracts a w ide spread attention in biological auxology, geratology and oncology fields. In forensic science, because of the relative stable, heritable, abundant, and age-related characteristics, D N A m ethyla-tion is considered to be a useful com plem ent to the classic genetic m arkers for age-prediction, tissue-identification, and m onozygotic tw ins' discrim ination. V arious m ethods for D N A m ethylation detection have been validated based on m ethylation sensitive restriction endonuclease, bisulfite m odification and m ethylation-C pG binding protein. In recent years, it is reported that the third generation sequencing m ethod can be used to detect D N A m ethylation. T his paper aim s to m ake a review on the detection m ethod of D N A m ethylation and its applications in forensic science.

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Research Progress of the Relationship between the Expression of TAR DNA-bind-ing Domain Protein 43 and Brain Injury

Yao YE ; Rubo LI ; Shiyu MA ; Xueting WEI ; Qi XU

Journal of Forensic Medicine.2017;33(3):289-292. doi:10.3969/j.issn.1004-5619.2017.03.016

T A R D N A-binding dom ain protein 43 (T D P-43) is a highly conserved and w idely expressed nuclear protein. N ow adays, the expression of T D P-43 can be found in m ost neurodegenerative diseases such as A lzheim er's disease, w hich m akes it becom e a neurodegenerative disease associated m arker pro-tein. From the current research status at hom eland and abroad, and around the relationship betw een the expression of T D P-43 and brain injury, this article em phatically probes into the specific expression and function of T D P-43 in acute and chronic brain injury based on the know ledge of its biological charac-teristics, w hich aim s to explore the feasibility for determ ining the cause of death and the injury and dis-ability situations by T D P-43 in forensic pathology.

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Research Progress of the Correlation between Caveolin and Unexpected Sudden Cardiac Death

Fangyu WU ; Lianlei GAI ; Xiaoping KONG ; Bo HAO ; Erwen HUANG ; He SHI ; Lihui SHENG ; Li QUAN ; Shuiping LIU ; Bin LUO

Journal of Forensic Medicine.2017;33(3):284-288. doi:10.3969/j.issn.1004-5619.2017.03.015

D ue to the negative autopsy and w ithout cardiac structural abnorm alities, unexpected sudden cardiac death (U SC D ) is alw ays a tough issue for forensic pathological expertise. U SC D m ay be asso-ciated w ith parts of fatal arrhythm ic diseases. T hese arrhythm ic diseases m ay be caused by disorders of cardiac ion channels or channel-related proteins. C aveolin can com bine w ith m ultiple m yocardial ion channel proteins through its scaffolding regions and plays an im portant role in m aintaining the depolar-ization and repolarization of cardiac action potential. W hen the structure and function of caveolin are af-fected by gene m utations or abnorm al protein expression, the functions of the regulated ion channels are correspondingly im paired, w hich leads to the occurrence of m ultiple channelopathies, arrhythm ia or even sudden cardiac death. It is im portant to study the effects of caveolin on the functions of ion channels for exploring the m echanism s of m alignant arrhythm ia and sudden cardiac death.

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Investigation of the Necrophagous Flies in Beijing

Lushi CHEN ; Guanghui ZHU

Journal of Forensic Medicine.2017;33(3):267-270. doi:10.3969/j.issn.1004-5619.2017.03.011

Objective T o explore the num ber of necrophagous flies and seasonal distribution of com m on necrophagous flies at present in B eijing. Methods T he specim ens of necrophagous flies w ere collected by the m ethods of anim al carcass, trapping and feeding. A nd the specim ens w ere observed and counted after the classification and preservation. Results T he necrophagous flies in B eijing belonged to 4 fam i-lies, 9 subfam ilies, 21 genera and 46 species, and 12 species of them w ere the first records in B eijing. T he necrophagous flies had the characteristics of regional and seasonal distribution. Conclusion T he data of seasonal distribution of necrophagous flies and com m on necrophagous flies in B eijing can provide refer-ence for related research.

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Mutation Analysis of 19 STR Loci in 20723 Cases of Paternity Testing

Jie BI ; Jingjing CHANG ; Miaoxia LI ; Chunying YU

Journal of Forensic Medicine.2017;33(3):263-266. doi:10.3969/j.issn.1004-5619.2017.03.010

Objective T o observe and analyze the confirm ed cases of paternity testing, and to explore the m utation rules of ST R loci. Methods T he m utant ST R loci w ere screened from 20723 confirm ed cases of paternity testing by G oldeneye 20A system .T he m utation rates, and the sources, fragm ent length, steps and increased or decreased repeat sequences of m utant alleles w ere counted for the analysis of the characteristics of m utation-related factors. Results A total of 548 m utations w ere found on 19 ST R loci, and 557 m utation events w ere observed. T he loci m utation rate w as 0.07‰-2.23‰. T he ratio of pater-nal to m aternal m utant events w as 3.06:1. O ne step m utation w as the m ain m utation, and the num ber of the increased repeat sequences w as alm ost the sam e as the decreased repeat sequences. T he repeat se-quences w ere m ore likely to decrease in tw o steps m utation and above. M utation m ainly occurred in the m edium allele, and the num ber of the increased repeat sequences w as alm ost the sam e as the decreased repeat sequences. In long allele m utations, the decreased repeat sequences w ere significantly m ore than the increased repeat sequences. T he num ber of the increased repeat sequences w as alm ost the sam e as the decreased repeat sequences in paternal m utation, w hile the decreased repeat sequences w ere m ore than the increased in m aternal m utation. Conclusion T here are significant differences in the m utation rate of each locus. W hen one or tw o loci do not conform to the genetic law , other detection system should be added, and PI value should be calculated com bined w ith the inform ation of the m utate ST R loci in order to further clarify the identification opinions.

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Evaluation of Brodifacoum-induced Toxicity by Metabonomics Approach Based on HPLC-TOF-MS

Hui YAN ; Xianyi ZHUO ; Baohua SHEN ; Ping XIANG ; Min SHEN

Journal of Forensic Medicine.2017;33(3):247-251,257. doi:10.3969/j.issn.1004-5619.2017.03.007

Objective T o analyse the m etabolic changes in urine of rats w ith brodifacoum intoxication, and to reveal the m olecular m echanism of brodifacoum-induced toxicity on rats. Methods B y establish-ing a brodifacoum poisoning rats m odel, the urine m etabolic profiling data of rats w ere acquired using high performance liquid chromatography-timeofflightmassspectrometry (HPLC-TOF-M S).The orthogo-nal partial least squares analysis-discrim ination analysis (O PLS-D A ) w as applied for the m ultivariate statistics and the discovery of differential m etabolites closely related to toxicity of brodifacoum . Results O PLS-D A score plot show ed that the urinary m etabolic at different tim e points before and after drug adm inistration had good sim ilarity w ithin tim e period and presented clustering phenom enon. C om paring the urine sam ples of rats before drug adm inistration w ith w hich after drug adm inistration, tw enty-tw o m etabolites related to brodifacoum-induced toxicity w ere selected. Conclusion T he toxic effect of brodi-facoum w orked by disturbing the m etabolic pathw ays in rats such as tricarboxylic cycle, glycolysis, sphin-golipid m etabolism and tryptophan m etabolism , and the toxicity of brodifacoum is characterized of accu-m ulation effect. The m etabonom ic m ethod based on urine H PLC-TO F-M S can provide a novel insight into the study on m olecular m echanism of brodifacoum-induced toxicity.

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Comparison of Criminal Characteristics in Depression Patients and Schizophrenics with Homicide Behavior

Jing WANG ; Peixin FU ; Yanli GAO ; Mingxia ZHU ; Tiantao SHI

Journal of Forensic Medicine.2017;33(3):244-246. doi:10.3969/j.issn.1004-5619.2017.03.006

Objective T o explore the crim inal characteristics of forensic psychiatry expertise in depression patients and schizophrenics w ith hom icide behavior. Methods A total of 40 depression (depressive episode) patients and 50 schizophrenics w ith hom icide behavior w ere random ly assigned into the study group and control group, respectively. D ata of dem ographic and crim inal characteristic of the tw o groups w ere collected by a self-designed questionnaire, and then w ere com pared. Results T here w ere no statis-tical differences in age, education level and career betw een study and control groups (P>0.05). C om pared w ith the control group, the victim s in the study group w ere m ainly the patient's children and parents, and m ost offenders had suicidal behavior after hom icide (70% ). In study group, the m otives of crim e w ere m ainly extended suicide and indirect suicide, and m ost offenders had attem pted suicide (85% ) and dim inished capacity of crim inal responsibility (70% ), w hich in control group had no capacity of crim inal responsibility (56% ). E xcept for crim inal site, there w ere statistical differences in other crim inal charac-teristics betw een tw o groups (P<0.05). Conclusion T here are different crim inal characteristics betw een de-pression patients and schizophrenics w ith hom icide behavior in forensic psychiatry, and these characteris-tics should be considered w hen these tw o diagnoses are distinguished in forensic psychiatry expertise.

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Adult Stature Estimation by Multiple Parameters of Body Torso Segment

Rongqi WU ; Tao WANG ; Qun SHI ; Bi XIAO ; Kaijun MA ; Xin CHEN

Journal of Forensic Medicine.2017;33(3):236-238. doi:10.3969/j.issn.1004-5619.2017.03.004

Objective T o prom ote the further research on body stature estim ation and the innovative ap-plications based on the distances betw een the anatom ical landm arks on body torso surface. Methods A specification for the collection of distances betw een the anatom ical landm arks on body torso surface w as established. T he data of 933 cases of adult population in Y angtze R iver D elta region w ere collected. M ultiple linear regression m ethod w as used to statistical analyse and establish the regression equation of stature estim ation. Results A regression equation about 5 variables including gender (x1), cervical verte-brae-coccyx line (x2), sterna-pubis line (x3), distance betw een acrom ion and iliospinale anterius (x4) and shoulder breadth (x5), and stature (y) w as established, y=105.406+5.414 x1+0.436 x2+0.286 x3+0.225 x4+0.193 x5. Conclusion T he m ethod is suitable for the rapid, sim ple and accurate estim ation of stature for the forensic experts.

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Forensic Application of Objective Assessment on Visual Acuity by ERP

Bin LUO ; Mengmeng JI ; Huanhuan MENG ; Xiping CHEN ; Luyang TAO

Journal of Forensic Medicine.2017;33(3):232-235. doi:10.3969/j.issn.1004-5619.2017.03.003

Objective T o explore the com position characteristic of event related potential (E R P ) in dif-ferent visual acuity levels, and to provide theoretical basis for the objective assessm ent of visual acuity. Methods M onocular stim ulus w as perform ed on 16 selected subjects. T he subjects w ere required to look straight at the screen ahead and count the am ount of stim uli from different directions. T he pictures of optotype stim ulus w hich corresponding to three different visual acuity levels w ere show ed in the center of the screen. The ERP results w ere recorded separately. Results (1) The P1 am plitudes of m atch stim uli recorded under the supra-threshold visual acuity level w ere higher than that of m atch stim uli recorded under the threshold and sub-threshold visual acuity levels. T here w as no significant difference betw een the P 1 am plitudes of m atch stim uli recorded under the threshold and sub-threshold visual acuity levels. T he tendency of conflict stim uli w as sim ilar to that of m atch stim uli under three visual acuity levels. (2) In the 340-500 m s post-stim ulus range, P 300 com ponent w as found under supra-threshold and threshold visual acuity levels; no P 300 com ponent w as found in corresponding tim e w indow under sub-threshold visual acuity. T he differences of P 300 am plitudes am ong three visual acuity levels w ere statistically significant. T he am plitudes from high to low w ere the supra-threshold, threshold and sub-threshold visual acuity levels. Conclusion E R P can be a potential new m ethod for the objective assessm ent of visual acuity in forensic m edicine.

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The Changes of HIF-1α and VEGF-A in Myocardial Tissue of Rats with Arrhyth-mias

Yuan ZHANG ; Zhipeng CAO ; Ruiming MAO ; Zhongbo DU ; Li MI ; Xinyi LUO ; Meihui TIAN ; Baoli ZHU

Journal of Forensic Medicine.2017;33(3):225-231. doi:10.3969/j.issn.1004-5619.2017.03.002

Objective T o observe the expression changes of hypoxia inducible factor-1α (H IF-1α) and vascular endothelial grow th factor-A (V E G F-A ) in rats w ith arrhythm ias, and to explore the differences of the expression pattern in the tw o indicators of acute m yocardial ischem ia caused by arrhythm ias and coronary insufficiency. Methods T he arrhythm ia w as induced by C aC l2, and the expression changes of H IF-1α and V E G F-A w ere detected by im m unohistochem istry, W estern blotting and real-tim e PC R w ithin 6 h after the arrhythm ia in rats. Results T he expression of H IF-1α and V E G F-A show ed diffuse in the m yocardial tissue of rats died from arrhythm ias. B oth of them increased in the early arrhythm ia, then decreased. E xtensive m yocardial ischem ia happened at the beginning of arrhythm ia occurrence and its range didn't expand w ith tim e. Conclusion T he expressions of H IF-1α and V E G F-A in m yocardium of the rats w ith arrhythm ia can provide evidence for the differential diagnosis of acute m yocardial is-chem ia caused by fatal arrhythm ia and coronary insufficiency.

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