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Advances in Studying the Differentiation of Bone Marrow Mesenchymal Stem Cells into Neurons

International Journal of Cerebrovascular Diseases.2006;0(01):-.

Bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells(BMSCs) are a population of multipotent cells. Many researchers have studied whether BMSCs could differentiate into neurons in vivo and ex vivo. Although some studies didn't agree with about some chemical induction medium inducing neurons, the application of cell transplantion and gene therapy of BMSCs has achieved certain progress showing good future for BMSCs in therapy of nervous system diseases.

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The Effect of Maitork on Plasma Levels of Fibrinogen, GMP-140, tPA After Focal Cerebral Ischemia- Reperfusion in Rats

Wei WANG ; Qi WANG ; Xiaokun QI ; Feng QIU ; Tianyu NI

International Journal of Cerebrovascular Diseases.2006;0(01):-.

Objective: To study the effect of Maitork (a sodium chloride injection containing Ginkgo bioba extract and ligustrazine phosphate) on plasma levels of fibrinogen (Fg), platelet granule membrane protein 140 (GMP-140), tissue plasminogen activator (tPA) after focal cerebral ischemia-reperfusion in rats. Methods: Eighty male SD rats were randomly allocated into groups 3-day (n=40) and 7-day (n=40) after operation. Then each group was divided into 4 subgroups: sham-operation, ischemia control, Ginaton and Maitork. The focal cerebral ischemia model was established in rats. The activities of GMP-140 and tPA were measured by chromogenic substrate assay, and the level of Fg was measured by gel plaque assay. Results: The level of Fg in the Ginaton group was significantly higher than that in the ischemia control group, and the 7-day group was also significantly higher than that in the Maitork group (P

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Pathophysiology and Apoptosis in Ischemic Stroke

Xinsheng DING ; Meijiang FENG

International Journal of Cerebrovascular Diseases.2006;0(01):-.

Ischemic stroke is a very complex disorder with many intracellular and extracellular factors such as excitatory amino acids, free radicals, calcium overload, apoptotic genes and inflammation involved in its pathophysiological mechanisms. It has been reported that neuronal death mainly derives from necrosis and/or apoptosis after cerebral ischemia. Those neurons in the ischemic core usually suffer from necrosis, however, apoptosis (also referred to as delayed neuronal death) occurs in the ischemic penumbra, which has been the major therapeutic target in the ischemic stroke.

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Application of Macrophages in Gene Therapy for Cerebral Infarction

Xiaowei XU ; Wenli SHENG

International Journal of Cerebrovascular Diseases.2006;0(02):-.

The infiltrating macrophages selectively invade into infarcted cerebral tissue for mediating gene therapy is a problem worthy of exploration. The article reviews macrophages and gene therapy, the theoretical basis of application of macrophages in gene therapy for cerebral infarction and the problems that have to be solved.

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Thrombophilia and Cerabrovascular Diseases

Ainong MEI ; Yanqiang ZHAN ; Suming ZHANG

International Journal of Cerebrovascular Diseases.2006;0(02):-.

The article introduces the pathogenesis of genetic and acquired thrombophilia and elucidates the relationships among thrombophilia, pediatric stroke, adult ischemic stroke and cerebral venous thrombosis. Meanwhile, it briefly introduces the relationships between acquired thrombophilia and cerebrovascular diseases.

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Magnetic Resonance Imaging of Intracranial Hemorrhage

Lin SUN ; Guozhong LI ; Yanfeng ZHAO

International Journal of Cerebrovascular Diseases.2006;0(02):-.

Traditional sequences of magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) such as T1-weighed imaging, T2-weighed imaging, and fluid-attenuated inversion recovery (FLAIR) imaging can sensitively detect the subacute and chronic intracranial hemorrhage; gradient echo sequence can detect various stages of intracranial hemorrhage, but there is no correlation between the signal intensity of the hematoma and the time of the presence of hematoma. Diffusion-weighted imaging and apparent diffusion coefficient may provide more information about the center and surrounding areas of hematoma, as well as the hemorrhagic tendency after infarction.

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Detection Methods of Vulnerable Atherosclerotic Plaque

Wei JIA ; Guanghui CHEN

International Journal of Cerebrovascular Diseases.2006;0(02):-.

Many studies have shown that the embolism caused by vulnerable atherosclerotic plaque is one of the major causes of ischemic stroke. However, there is still not a simple and precise method to identify the vulnerable plaques yet. This article reviews the various methods for detecting vulnerable plaques from the aspects of serology and imaging.

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Ultrasound Diagnosis of Carotid Atherosclerosis and Its Clinical Significance

Wei ZHANG ; Shimin WANG

International Journal of Cerebrovascular Diseases.2006;0(02):-.

Carotid atherosclerosis is one of the important risk factors of ischemic cerebrovascular diseases. Ultrasonography can detect carotid intima-media thickness, compositions, configuration and surface structure of plaque, severity of carotid stenosis and its hemodynamics change, thus it is helpful to estimate the mechanism of ischemia and evaluate its risk factors. So it has a wide application prospect in screening high-risk population, guiding drug administration and surgical intervention.

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Application of Mild hypothermia in Cardio-Pulmonary-Cerebral Resuscitation

Chengjie MAO ; Lijun LIU

International Journal of Cerebrovascular Diseases.2006;0(02):-.

Therapeutic hypothermia used for clinical purposes has had a long history. With the continuous development in the intensive care and surface cooling techniques, it has made various large hypothermia clinical trials possible. Studies have found that moderate hypothermia (28～35℃) has significant protective effects on important organs such as heart and brain, and it does not have obvious side effects. Recently, mild hypothermia (32～35℃) has been widely used for cardio-pulmonary-cerebral resuscitation, and its effect is satisfactory.

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Application of Mild Hypothermia in Intracranial Aneurysm Surgery

Xiaodong CHEN ; Yongjun CAO ; Qing LAN

International Journal of Cerebrovascular Diseases.2006;0(02):-.

Experimental studies and clinical practices have found that mild hypothermia has neuroprotective effects. However, its specific mechanism is unclear. Although its efficacy is questioned continuously, mild hypothermia technique is still widely used in the intracranial aneurysm surgery for reducing ischemic injury in recent years. Currently its safety, effectiveness and methods are the focus of studies. The article reviews the recent progress in this field.

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