Cerebral small vessel disease (CSVD) refers to a group of pathological processes caused by various causes that affect the microarteries,small arteries,venules and capillaries in brain tissue.Inflammation and endothelial dysfunction may play an important role in mechanism of leading to CSVD-related changes.The research in related fields is expected to become an important means of in-depth understanding of CSVD.The driving factors of brain dysfunction caused by CSVD and the relative role of vascular lesions and primary neurodegenerative changes in the process of CSVD remain unclear.The examinations reflecting cerebrospinal fluid components of the central nervous system degenerative lesions and vascular lesion process can provide important information.The related biochemical changes may become an early identification indicator of CSVD,at the same time it can enhance the understanding of its characteristic mechanism.In addition,CSVD specific biomarkers can also play an important role in monitoring the therapeutic effects.