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Effects of Substance P on the Release of Cytokines from Immune Cell Lines.

Jin Yong LEE ; Soo Ah KIM ; Seok Ran SEO ; Hyong Seop KIM

The Journal of the Korean Academy of Periodontology.1997;27(2):425-441. doi:10.5051/jkape.1997.27.2.425

The neuropeptide substance P(SP) has been implicated in the mediation of inflammation and immune-mediated disease such as arthritis. Recently, it was reported that SP was markedly increased around the blood vessels in inflamed gingiva as well as in close association with the inflammatory cell infiltrate. These results support that SP may contribute to the pathophysiology of neuronal inflammation in human periodontal tissues. SP may regulate inflammatory/immune responses by stimulating the proliferation of human T cells, differentiation and antibody-secreting potential of B cells, macrophage respiratory burst, connective tissue proliferation, and the secretion of cytokines from monocytes and T cells. Here, I studied potential role of SP as a costimulatory chemical signal in inflammatory/immune responses, by determining the released proinflammatory cytokines such as MIP-1alpha, IL-1beta, and IL-6 from culture supernatants of homogeneous immune cell lines. Serum free cell supernatants were concentrated with TCA precipitation, fractionated with SDS-PAGE, and subjected into western blot analysis. Among 15 cell lines tested, macrophage/monocyte cell line RAW264.7 and WR19m.1 showed the highest level of induction of MIP-1alphawhen stimulated with LPS. Discrete IL-6 bands with multiple forms of molecular mass were detected from supernatants of B cell lines A20(32kDa), Daudi(32, 35kDa), and SKW6.4(29kDa), which were expressed constitutively. IL-1beta could not be detected by the method of western blot analysis from supernatants of all cell lines tested except RAW264.7, WR19m.1, and erythroid cell line K562 which showed the least amount of IL-1betasecretion. SP 10(-9)M with suboptimal dose of LPS treatment showed synergistic induction of MIP-1alpharelease from RAW264.7 or WR19m.1, and also IL-6 release from A20, but this synergism is not the case in costimulation of RAW264.7 or WR19m.1 with SP 10(-9)M and TPA. Although treatment of T cell line CTLL-R8 with SP 10(-7)M or PHA+TPA induced modest level of MIP-1alpha secretion, synergism was not observed when they are applied together. These findings all together suggest the possibility of a regulatory role of SP in inflammatory/immune reaction through differential modulation of bioactivities of other chemical cosignals.
Arthritis ; B-Lymphocytes ; Blood Vessels ; Blotting, Western ; Cell Line* ; Chemokine CCL3 ; Connective Tissue ; Cytokines* ; Electrophoresis, Polyacrylamide Gel ; Erythroid Cells ; Gingiva ; Humans ; Inflammation ; Interleukin-6 ; Macrophages ; Monocytes ; Negotiating ; Neurons ; Neuropeptides ; Respiratory Burst ; Substance P* ; T-Lymphocytes

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Improved stress analyses of dental systems implant by homogenization technique.

Chul Su KOH ; Man Sup LEE ; Kui Won CHOI

The Journal of the Korean Academy of Periodontology.1997;27(1):263-290. doi:10.5051/jkape.1997.27.1.263

Homogenization technique is employed to investigate the series of stress analyses of mandible for three different types of dental implants. This technique helps to make proper material model of bone and analyze such a non homogeneous structure at the level of individual microstructural unit. The stress analyses with homogenization technique show much higher stress level in the sponge bone, compared to those of conventional FEM. It also manifested that even a minor lateral force results in crucial stresses in the dental implant system and that the macroscale model should take the shape and size after real mandible to produce reasonable solution in the analyses of dental implant systems. The shapes of dental implants simulated in this study are rectangularcross-sectioned type, hemi-sphere rooted type, and wedge type implant. The stress states of mandible with hemisphere rooted type implant and wedge type implant show similar levels, while those with sectioned rectangular implant results in higher stresses. It is suggested that the distance between the implant tip and cortical bone be kept far enough to prevent stress concentrations in the mandible.
Dental Implants ; Mandible ; Porifera

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The Effects of Calcium sulfate Membrane on the Periodontal Wound Repair of Horizontal Dehiscence defects in Dogs.

Seong Ho CHOI ; Kyoo Sung CHO ; Ik Sang MOON ; Jung Kiu CHAI ; Chong Kwan KIM

The Journal of the Korean Academy of Periodontology.1997;27(1):249-262. doi:10.5051/jkape.1997.27.1.249

The present study investigates the effects of calcium sulfate graft on the periodontal healing in intrabony periodontal defects of dogs. Following the general anesthesia with 30mg/kg pentobarbital injected intravenously, the first premolar was extracted and full-thickness periodontal flap was elevated from the second premolar to the fourth premolar. The portion of premolars coronal to the alveolar crest was removed and mesial and distal roots were separated. Exposed root canals were sealed with Caviton and covered completely with flaps sutured. Following the healing period of 12 weeks, the surgical sited were uncovered and 4x4mm intrabony defects were surgically created. Those defects with calcium sulfate graft following the root planing was designated as the test sites and those with flap surgery-only were designated as control sites. The animals were sacrificed after 8 weeks and the healing was histologically analyzed. The results were as follows. 1. No foreign body reaction or inflammation were observed in either groups. Calcium sulfate was completely resorbed in the test sites. 2. New cementum was observed coronal to the notch in both groups. Connective tissue fibers were oriented parallel to the root surface in the controls. Connective tissues were formed in large amount in the sites. 3. Test sites showed marked amount of new bone formation while the control sites showed minimal bone gain. 4. Root resorption was observed in coronal portions of th control sites. The results suggest that calcium sulfate is a biocompatible graft material with a potential for new bone and cementum formation.
Anesthesia, General ; Animals ; Bicuspid ; Calcium Sulfate* ; Calcium* ; Connective Tissue ; Dental Cementum ; Dental Pulp Cavity ; Dogs* ; Foreign-Body Reaction ; Inflammation ; Membranes* ; Osteogenesis ; Pentobarbital ; Root Planing ; Root Resorption ; Transplants ; Wounds and Injuries*

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Clinical study on the width of attached gingiva the subjects with healthy gingiva, or early stage of gingivitis.

Jeong Suk KIM ; Ik Sang MOON ; Jung Kiu CHAI ; Kyoo Sung CHO

The Journal of the Korean Academy of Periodontology.1997;27(1):235-248. doi:10.5051/jkape.1997.27.1.235

The purpose of this study was to investigate the width of attached gingiva of 414 subjects with healthy gingiva, or early stage of gingivitis. We compared the differences according to the tooth location, age (Yonger group : 14~30, Older group : 31~67) and gender. In addition, we compared the width of attached gingiva in the subjects with less than 2 sites of gingival recession(Re< or =2) and the subjects with more than 3 sites of gingival recession(Re> or =3) to study the relationship between the gingival recession and the width of attached gingiva. The results were as follows : 1. The width of keratinized gingiva was widest in maxillary incisors(5.3+/-1.4mm) and narrowest in mandibular right 1st bicuspid and mandibular right and left 2nd molars(3.5+/-1.1mm). 2. The width of attached gingiva was widest in maxillary right central incisor(3.8+/-1.5mm) and narrowest in mandibular right 2nd molar(1.2+/-1.0mm). 3. In the comparison between the age groups, the width of keratinized in older group was significantly(p<0.05) wider than that in younger group in maxillary right and left 1st bicuspids, mandibular right and left 1st and 2nd molars, maxillary right and left cuspids and mandibular right 1st bicuspid. There was no significant difference in the width of attached gingiva between the two groups except for maxillary right and left 1st molars and maxillary left 2nd molar. 4. In the comparison between male group and female group, in maxillary right and and left lateral incisors and cuspids, mandibular right and left cuspids and 1st bicuspids, the width of attached gingiva in female was significantly(p<0.05) wider than that in male group. 5. In the comparison between the Re 3 group and Re 2 group, there was no significant difference except for maxillary right and left 2nd molars and maxillary left 1st molar. 6. The frequency of gingival recession was in the order of mandibular right 1st bicuspid(16.6%), maxillary right 1st bicuspid(13.7%), maxillary and mandibular left 1st bicuspids(13.4%), mandibular left cuspid(10.5%), maxillary left and mandibular right cuspids(10.1%) and maxillary right cuspid(7.9%).
Bicuspid ; Cuspid ; Female ; Gingiva* ; Gingival Recession ; Gingivitis* ; Humans ; Incisor ; Male ; Molar ; Tooth

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A comparison of bioresorbable membranes alone or in combination with platelet-derived growth factors and insulin-like growth factors on the periodontal healing of the dehiscence defects in dogs..

Kyoo Sung CHO ; Chang Sung KIM ; Seong Ho CHOI

The Journal of the Korean Academy of Periodontology.1997;27(1):217-234. doi:10.5051/jkape.1997.27.1.217

The purpose of present study is to compare the effect of treatment using Guidor(R) as a barrier membrane in conjunction with platelet-derived growth factor and insulin like growth factors on experimental dehiscence defects. Following the resection of premolar crowns, roots were submerged. After 12 weeks of healing period, experimental dehiscence defects of 4mm in height and 4mm in width were surgically created on the mid-facial aspect of the lower premolar roots in each of 4 adult dogs. After root planning and demineralization of the root surface with citric acid, the control groups received 4% methylcellulose gel only, the test group I received 4% methylcellulose gel and were covered by Guidor(R) and the test group II were treated with PDGF and IGF and 4% methylcellulose gel with Guidor(R) coverage. Histological and histomorphometric analysis following 8 weeks of healing revealed the following results. 1. The new bone formation showed no statistically significant difference in all groups with 0.59+/-0.82mm(14.03+/-19.60%) for control, 0.70+/-0.39mm(16.30+/-9.01%) for group I, 0.87+/-0.76mm(18.74+/-16.03%) for group II. 2. The new cementum formation showed no statistically significant difference in all groups with 0.54+/-0.48mm(16.38+/-14.57%) for control, 0.95+/-0.38mm(23.43+/-9.30%) for group I, 1.01+/-0.75mm(22.10+/-16.11%) for gorup II. 3. The root resorption showed statistically significant differences betweenthe control group and all test groups(p<0.05) with 2.11+/-0.53mm(52.93+/-12.32%) for control, 0.63+/-0.27mm(15.32+/-7.05%) for group I, 0.89+/-0.33mm (19.26+/-7.11%) for group II. On the bases of these results, there were no statistically difference between treatment using resorbable membrane and resorbable membrane in conjunction with PDGF and IGF in the dehiscence defects, where it was difficult to maintain space. The use of membrane seemed to be more effective in the inhibition of root resorption.
Adult ; Animals ; Bicuspid ; Citric Acid ; Crowns ; Dental Cementum ; Dogs* ; Humans ; Membranes* ; Methylcellulose ; Osteogenesis ; Platelet-Derived Growth Factor* ; Root Resorption ; Somatomedins*

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The SEM Observation of The Various Root Treatment Effect On Furcation Area.

Hyun Su PARK ; Sung Bin LIM ; Chin Hyung CHUNG

The Journal of the Korean Academy of Periodontology.1997;27(1):205-215. doi:10.5051/jkape.1997.27.1.205

In periodontal regeneration treatment, access to the frucation area is very difficult. Thus complete removal of plaque, calculus and endotoxin is somewhat impossible. In this study, teeth that were extracted due to periodontal disease were used. The furcation area was treated with periodontal curette, ultrasonic scaler, roto bur and they observed using SEM. The result was follows 1. The group treatment with curette showed remaining plaque, the cementum existed in most of the surface and partial dentinal tubule orifice could be seen. 2. The group treatment with ultrasonic scaler showed less removalof plaque compared to curette and irregular surface could be seen. 3. The group treatment with roto bur showed cleaner surface and many dentinal tubule orifice could be seen compared to the curette and ultrasonic scaler groups. Thus when suing treatments such as bone grafting or guided tissue regeneration, it is considered that the furcation area should be treatment with Roto bur.
Bone Transplantation ; Calculi ; Dental Cementum ; Dentin ; Guided Tissue Regeneration ; Periodontal Diseases ; Regeneration ; Tooth ; Ultrasonics

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Effect Of Tetracycline And Root Planing Methods On The Root Surface.

Hae Seung PARK ; Sung Bin LIM ; Chin Hyung CHUNG

The Journal of the Korean Academy of Periodontology.1997;27(1):191-203. doi:10.5051/jkape.1997.27.1.191

Recently, alteration on chemical treatment on the root and removal of pathologic bacteria, which is the main reason for periodontal disease, by complete removal of infected cementum layer was been emphasied In this study, teeth extracted due to periodontal disease were root planed using periodontal curette and roto bur. Then they were treated with different concentration of Tetracycline HCl at different time. The state of root surface and change in the pre and post treatment was observed. The results were as follows. 1. The group treatment with periodontal curette and saline showed remaining plaque, debris and irregular surface and no dentianl tubule orifice could be seen. 2. The group treatment with periodontal curette and tetracycline HCl showed process compoed with decacified material and there was concanity seemed to be a lacunae of cementocyte. 3. The group treatment with roto bur and saline, there was no remaning plaque and partial dentinal tubule orifice could be seen but smear layer covering them. 4. The group treatment with roto bur and tetracycline HCl showed various shape and size dentinal tubule orifice could be seen. From the results, roto bur showed cleaner surfaces than treatment with periodontal curette. But still smear layer existed. Thus for regeneration of periodontal tissue, chemical treatment using tetracycline HCl should follow roto bur treatment. And it is considered that the treatment time is more important than the concentration of tetracycline HCl.
Bacteria ; Dental Cementum ; Dentin ; Periodontal Diseases ; Regeneration ; Root Planing* ; Smear Layer ; Tetracycline* ; Tooth

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Comparative Study on the Teeth Mobility between Modified Widman Flap and Undisplaced Flap.

Sun Kyung KIM ; Sung Bin LIM ; Chin Hyung CHUNG

The Journal of the Korean Academy of Periodontology.1997;27(1):179-189. doi:10.5051/jkape.1997.27.1.179

Teeth mobility is an important part of a periodontal examination, because it represents a function of the persisting height of the alveolar bone and the width of the periodontal ligament. The purpose of this study was to evaluate clinical difference in teeth mobility after treatment with the modified Widman flap and the undisplaced flap in humans. Twenty males with moderate periodontal disease were selected. The severity of periodontal disease was evaluated with sulcular bleeding index, pocket depth and attachment level and tooth mobility was measured with Periotest(Siemens Co., Germany) at the initial examination, 1, 2, 4, 6, 8 and 12 weeks following the modified Widman flap and the undisplaced flap operation using the split-mouth technique. The relation of mobility to clinical parameters was statistically analyzed by multiple regression and the change of teeth mobility according to healing process by independent t-test using SPSS program. The results were as follows: 1. There was a strong relationship between the Periotest value(PTV) and attachment level. 2. The change of teeth mobility in both flap procedures was increased significantly at 1 week post-op. and was decreased to preoperative level at 4 weeks post-op. in modified Widman flap and at 6 weeks post-op. in undisplaced flap. 3. The change of teeth mobility in premolar teeth group in undisplaced flap compared to modified Widman flap was generally increased but these changes were not statistically significant. The changes of teeth mobility in molar teeth group in undisplaced flap was increased significantly at 2 weeks post-op.. 4. The change of teeth mobility following undisplaced flap was increased significantly compared to that of modified Widman flap at 2 weeks post-op.
Bicuspid ; Hemorrhage ; Humans ; Male ; Molar ; Periodontal Diseases ; Periodontal Ligament ; Tooth Mobility ; Tooth*

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Tissue regenerative activity of Magnolia and Zizyphi fructus extract mixtures.

Yong Moo LEE ; Young KU ; Ki Hwan BAE ; Chong Pyoung CHUNG

The Journal of the Korean Academy of Periodontology.1997;27(1):165-177. doi:10.5051/jkape.1997.27.1.165

The purpose of this study was to perform on the biological activity of Magnolia and Zizyphi fructus extract mixtures on the wound healing of defected rat calvaria. For the determination of the mixture ratio of two extracts for oral administration, preliminary experiments were performed with the mixture combination of 2000 and 3000microgram/ml of Magnolia extract, and also 20, 30, 200, 300, 2000 and 3000microgram/ml of Zizyphi fructus extract, respectively and divided into 6 groups. The combination of extracts mixture were tested on the enhancing effect of cellular activity. The effect of the extracts mixture on the cellular activity was evaluated using MTT method and measured on the results with optical density by ELISA reader. The ability to tissue regeneration of the extracts mixture was performed by measuring new bone and new connective tissue regeneration on the 5mm defected rat calvaria for 1, 2 and 3 weeks after oral administration of 2 different dosages groups : 10:1(0.1g/kg) and 10:1(0.5g/kg). It was employed the same dosages of unsaponifiable fraction of Zea Mays L as positive controls. Each group of rat was sacrificed and en bloc section for histological examination. The effect on the cellular activity of each mixture ratio showed significantly higher in 2000microgram/ml of Magnolia extract and 200microgram/ml of Zizyphi fructus extract group to compare with other groups. These preliminary results showed that appropriate mixture ratio of two extracts was 10:1 of Magnolia and Zizyphi fructus extract. Histological examination on the activity of tissue regeneration of each group showed that 2weeks and 3weeks specimens of 0.5g/kg of 10:1 extract mixture of Magnolia and Ziziphi fructus administrated rat calvaria revealed significantly more osteoid and new bone formation of defected calvaria with unification of defected area than the specimens of any other negative and positive controls. Even though the specimen administrated the same dosages of unsaponifiable fraction of Zea Mays L, positive controls, showed the trend that they promote significantly the repair of calvarial defect, their bone reparative activities were less inductive than the same dosages of Magnolia and Ziziphi fructus extract mixture. These results implicated that the mixture of Magnolia and Zizyphi fructus extracts should be highly effective on the wound healing of bony defected site and might have potential possibilities as an useful drug to promote periodontal tissue regeneration.
Administration, Oral ; Animals ; Connective Tissue ; Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay ; Magnolia* ; Osteogenesis ; Rats ; Regeneration ; Skull ; Wound Healing ; Zea mays

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The effects of novel biodegradable amorphous Calcium Phosphate on bone regeneration in rat calvarial defects.

Jung Yoo CHOI ; Gyung Joon CHAE ; Chang Sung KIM ; Yong Keun LEE ; Kyoo Sung CHO ; Joong Kyu CHAI ; Chong Kwan KIM ; Seong Ho CHOI

The Journal of the Korean Academy of Periodontology.2007;37(4):871-879. doi:10.5051/jkape.2007.37.4.871

PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to evaluate the bone regeneration of novel biodegradable amorphous calcium phosphate. MATERIALS AND METHOD: An 8-mm, calvarial, critical-size osteotomy defect was created in each of 20 male Sprague-Dawley rats(weight 250~300g). The animals were divided into two groups of 10 animals each and allowed to heal for 2 weeks(10 rats) or 8 weeks(10 rats). The first group was the control group and the other group was the experimental group which received the novel biodegradable calcium phosphate. RESULTS: The healing of the calvarium in the control group was uneventful. The histologic results showed little bone formation in the control group. The experimental group which received the novel biodegradable calcium phosphate showed a normal wound healing. There were a lot of new bone formation around the biomaterial in 2 weeks. The bone formation increased in 8 weeks when compared to 2 weeks and there was a significant bone increase as well(P<0.01).The novel biodegradable calcium phosphate showed statistical significance when compared to the control group (P<0.05). The novel biodegradable calcium phosphate in 8 weeks showed a significant increase in bone formation when compared to 2 weeks (40.4+/-1.6)(%). The biodegradable calcium phosphate which is made from mixing calcium phosphate glass(CPG), NaCO and NaOH solution, is biocompatible, osteoconductive and has a high potency of bone formation. CONCLUSION: We can conclude that the novel biodegradable calcium phosphate can be used as an efficient bone graft material for its biodegradability and osteoconductivity.
Animals ; Bone Regeneration* ; Calcium* ; Humans ; Male ; Osteogenesis ; Osteotomy ; Rats* ; Rats, Sprague-Dawley ; Skull ; Transplants ; Wound Healing

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