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The Effects of Nicotine and NNK on gingival fibroblast.

Chi Hoon HWANG ; Mi Young PARK ; Kwang Kyun PARK ; Seong Ho CHOI ; Kyoo Sung CHO ; Chong Kwan KIM ; Jung Kiu CHAI

The Journal of the Korean Academy of Periodontology.1998;28(4):703-719. doi:10.5051/jkape.1998.28.4.703

In order to observe the effects of Nicotine and NNK on cultured human gingival fibroblast, several factors were examined including mutagenicity, the number of cells attached culture plate surface through MTT test, the abundance of collagen & collagenase in mRNA level and collagenolytic activity in extracellular matrix. The results were as follows; 1. Regardless of the co-existence of S9, Nicotine did not show the mutagenicity by itself and NNK by itself showd the same result; However, dose related mutagenicity was shown in NNK with S9. 2. The number of fibroblasts attached cultured plate surface was measured by MTT procedure. The number of cells in Non-smokers increased at all time periods as compared to those of smoker. 3. Non-smoker's fibroblast treated by NNK or Nicotine was dose-dependently decreased in the number of cells when compared to untreated control. In higher dose, Nicotine showed the cellular toxicity , but NNK did not. 4. No change in the abundance of mRNA for proalpha1 and proalpha2 was shown in Nicotine treated group but in gingival fibroblasts following treatment with NNK, the abundance of mRNA for proalpha1, but not proalpha2 collagen was decreased. 5. The abundance of mRNA for collagenase was decreased when NNK was treated but no change occurred in Nicotine treated group. 6. The effect of NNK and Nicotine in collagenolytic activity showed that ,collagenase activity exclusively react to type I collagen, was increased in both group, but gelatinase exclusively react to type IV collagen was not influenced at all. Collagenase activity of smoker's fibroblast was also increased as much as Nicotine and NNK group. The findings suggest that both of Nicotine and NNK lead gingival fibroblast to decrease in the abundance of collagen. And it seems to be that Nicotine and NNK have independent pathway toward the gingival fibroblast.
Humans

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The detection of subgingival plaque microflora using 16S rRNA analysis in Korean adult periodontitis.

Seong Hee PARK ; So Young KIM ; Seong Ho CHOI ; Jung Kiu CHAI ; Chong Kwan KIM ; Kyoo Sung CHO

The Journal of the Korean Academy of Periodontology.1998;28(4):691-701. doi:10.5051/jkape.1998.28.4.691

The 16S rRNA analyzing method is a bacterial identification method that is useful in identifying bacteria which is difficult to do by other means. The following 7 types of bacteria which are Treponema, A. actinomycetemcomitans, P. gingivalis, Fusobacterium, B. forsythus, P. intermedia, P. micros were evaluated in order to study their distribution among patients with adult periodontitis. The 16S rRNA analyzing method was used to compare bacterial distribution among 3 groups. Subgingival plaque acquired from the affected sites(pocket depth > or =6mm)of 29 patients with adult periodontitis were grouped as the experimental group while plaque from the non-affected sites(pocket depth< or =3mm)were grouped as control 2 and finally plaque acquired from students with healthy periodontal tissues were grouped as control 1. The results are as follows; 1. The distribution of Treponema was 12.5% for control 1, 21.4% for control 2 and 75.4% for the experimental group. For A. actinomycetemcomitans the distribution was 0.5%, 19.0%, 44.4% in respect to the order of groups mentioned above. P.gingivalis showed 10.5%, 43.1%, 94.0% distribution, Fusobacterium 33.0%, 48.3%, 81.0% distribution, B. forsythus 9.5%, 17.2%, 65.9% distribution, P. intermedia 1.0%, 12.1%, 26.3% distribution and finally P. micros 5.0%, 19.0%, 48.7% respectively. In all 7 types of bacteria, the experimental group showed higher bacterial distribution compared to the other two groups with statistically significant difference. 2. In the case of Treponema, A. actinomycetemcomitans, P. gingivalis,Fusobacterium, B. forsythus, P. intermedia, P. micros showed significant difference between control 1 and 2. These results suggest that the 16S rRNA analyzing method which was applied on Koreans for the first time could be utilized and useful in finding potential pathogens of periodontal disease.
Adult ; Male ; Female ; Humans

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Decision Making on the Non surgical, Surgical Treatment on Chronic Adult Periodontitis.

Si Eun SONG ; Seung Won LI ; Kyoo Sung CHO ; Jung Kiu CHAI ; Chong Kwan KIM

The Journal of the Korean Academy of Periodontology.1998;28(4):645-658. doi:10.5051/jkape.1998.28.4.645

The purpose of this study was to make and ascertain a decision making process on the base of patient-oriented utilitarianism in the treatment of patients of chronic adult periodontitis. Fifty subjects were chosen in Yonsei Dental hospital and the other fifty were chosen in Severance dental hospital according to the selection criteria. Fifty four patients agreed in this study. NS group(N=32) was treated with scaling and root planing without any surgical intervention, the other S group(N=22) done with flap operation. During the active treatment and healing time, all patients of both groups were educated about the importance of oral hygiene and controlled every visit to the hospital. When periodontal treatment needed according to the diagnostic results, some patients were subjected to professional tooth cleaning and scaling once every 3 months according to an individually designed oral hygienic protocol. Probing depth was recorded on baseline and 18 months after treatments. A questionnaire composed of 6 kinds(hygienic easiness, hypersensitivity, post treatment comfort, complication, functional comfort, compliance) of questions was delivered to each patient to obtain the subjective evaluation regarding the results of therapy. The decision tree for the treatment of adult periodontal disease was made on the result of 2 kinds of periodontal treatment and patient's ubjective evaluation. The optimal path was calculated by using the success rate of the results as the probability and utility according to relative value and the economic value in the insurance system. The success rate to achieve the diagnostic goal of periodontal treatment as the remaining pocket depth less than 3mm and without BOP was 0.83+/-0.12 by non surgical treatment and 0.82+/-0.14 by surgical treatment without any statistically significant difference. The moderate success rate of more than 4mm probing pocket depth were 0.17 together. The utilities of non-surgical treatment results were 100 for a result with less than 3mm probing pocket depth, 80 for the other results with more than 4mm probing pocket depth, 0 for the extraction. Those of surgical treatment results were the same except 75 for the results with more than 4mm. The pooling results of subjective evaluation by using a questionnaire were 60% for satisfaction level and 40% for no satisfaction level in the patient group receiving non-surgical treatment and 33% and 67% in the other group receiving surgical treatment. The utilities for 4 satisfaction levels were 100, 75, 60, 50 on the base of that the patient would express the satisfaction level with normal distribution. The optimal path of periodontal treatment was rolled back by timing the utility on terminal node and the success rate, the distributed ratio of patient's satisfaction level. Both results of the calculation was non surgical treatment. Therefore, it can be said that non-surgical treatment may be the optimal path for this decision tree of treatment protocol if the goal of the periodontal treatment is to achieve the remaining probing pocket depth of less than 3mm for adult chronic periodontitis and if the utilitarian philosophy to maximise the expected utility for the patients is advocated.
Adult ; Male ; Female ; Humans

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Guided bone regenerative effect of chitosan and chitosan-cellulose membranes.

Seung Beom KYE ; Seong Heui SON ; Sang Mook CHOI

The Journal of the Korean Academy of Periodontology.1998;28(4):611-630. doi:10.5051/jkape.1998.28.4.611

Chitosan has been known as a wound healing agent. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the biocompatibility and guided bone regenerative effect of chitosan and chitosan-cellulose membranes. The effects of chitosan and chitosan-cellulose membranes on the growth and survival of human periodontal ligament cells were examined by rapid colorimetric MTT(tetrazolium) assay, and the tissue response and resorption pattern were observed by implanting the membranes into the subcutaneous tissue of the back of rats for 6 weeks. To evaluate the guided bone regenerative potential of membranes, the amount of newly formed bone in the rat calvarial defects(8mm in diameter) was measured by histomorphometry and radiomorphometry 1,2 and 4 weeks after implantation of membranes. Chitosan and chitosan-cellulose membranes showed no adverse effect on the growth and survival of human periodontal ligament cells. When membranes were subcutaneously implanted, inflammatory reaction was observed at 1 week and which gradually subsided 2 weeks after implantation. Membranes remained intact throughout the experimental period of 6 weeks. Radiomorphometric analysis of the craniotomy sites revealed that chitosan and chitosan-cellulose membrane implanted sites showed increased radiopacity over control. Statistically significant differences with control were found in chitosan-cellulose membrane implanted group at 2 and 4 weeks, and chitosan membrane implanted group at 4 weeks(P<0.05). Histomorphometric data indicated a pattern of osseous healing similar to radiomorphometric analysis. There was a statistically significant difference between control and chitosan-cellulose membrane implanted group at 4 weeks(P<0.05). These results implicate that chitosan and chitosan-cellulose membrane might be useful for guided bone regeneration.
Humans ; Rats ; Animals

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Improved cell adhesion to ion beam-irradiated biodegradable membranes.

Yong Moo LEE ; Yoon Jeong PARK ; Seung Jin LEE ; Young KU ; In Chul RHYU ; Soo Boo HAN ; Sang Mook CHOI ; Chong Pyoung CHUNG

The Journal of the Korean Academy of Periodontology.1998;28(4):601-610. doi:10.5051/jkape.1998.28.4.601

Ion irradiation is a very promising tool to modify the chemical structure and physical properities of polymers. This study was aimed to evaluate the cellular adhesion to ion beam-irradiated surface of biodegradable poly-llactide(PLLA) membrane. The PLLA membrane samples were irradiated by using 35 KeV Ar+ to fluence of 5x10(13), 5x10(14) and 5x10(15)ion/cm2. Water contact angles to control and each dose of ion beam-irradiated PLLA membranes were measured. Cultured fetal rat calvarial osteoblasts were seeded onto control and each dose of ion beam-irradiated PLLA membranes and cultured. After 24 hours, each PLLA membranes onto which osteoblasts attached were examined by scanning electron microscopy(SEM). Osteoblasts were removed from each PLLA membrane and then, the vitality and the number of cells were calibrated. Alkaline phosphatase of detached cells from each PLLA membranes were measured. Ion beam-irradiated PLLA membranes showed no significantly morphological change from control PLLA membranes. In the measurement of water contact angle to each membrane, the dose range of ion beam employed in this study reduced significantly contact angles. Among them, 5x10(14) ion/cm2 showed the least contact angle. The vitalities of osteoblastes detached from each membranes were confirmed by flow cytometer and well attached cells with their own morphology onto each membranes were observed by SEM. A very strong improvement of the cell adhesion and proliferation was observed for ion beam-irradiated surfaces of PLLA membranes. 5x10(14)ions/cm2 exhibited the most strong effect also in cellular adherence. ALPase activities also tended to increase in ion beam-irradiated membranes but statistical differences were not found. These results suggested that ion beam irradiation is an effective tool to improve the adhesion and spreading behaviour of the cells onto the biodegradable PLLA membranes for the promotion of membrane-tissue integration.
Rats ; Animals

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Tissue Engineered Bone Formation Using Porous Chitosan and Chitosan/Tricalcium Phosphate Matrices.

Yong Moo LEE ; Sang Mook CHOI ; Yoon Jeong PARK ; Seung Jin LEE ; Young KU ; Chong Pyoung CHUNG

The Journal of the Korean Academy of Periodontology.1998;28(4):577-600. doi:10.5051/jkape.1998.28.4.577

No abstract available.

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The Location of Molar Furcation in Korean.

Seung Nam KIM ; Young KU ; Seong Heui SON ; Sang Mook CHOI

The Journal of the Korean Academy of Periodontology.1998;28(4):569-575. doi:10.5051/jkape.1998.28.4.569

The objective of the present study was to investigate the vertical and horizontal location of the molar furcations in korean. The samples used in this study included 132 maxillary molars and 120 mandibular molars. Of them, 47 maxillary molars and 34 mandibular molars had the fused roots. So, 85 maxillary molars(54 1st and 31 2nd molars) and 86 mandibular molars(46 1st and 40 2nd molars) were measured. The vertical and horizontal location of molars were measured with divider and digimatic micrometer and their means and standard deviation calculated. The results were summarized as follows: 1. The ratio of fused roots found in this study was the highest in the maxillary second molars with 59%, followed by mandibular second molars(46%) and maxillary first molars(7%) and none were discovered in the mandibular first molars. 2. In the study of the vertical location of molar furcation, the results were as follows : In the maxillary first molars, the length in descending order were distal(5.06mm), mesial(4.52mm) and buccal(4.01mm) and in the maxillary second molar, distal(4.04mm), mesial(4.02mm) and buccal(3.87mm). In the mandibular first molar, the length was 3.69mm on the lingual side and 2.81mm on the buccal side, and in the mandibular second molar, 3.87mm on the lingual and 3.61mm on the buccal side. 3. The location of the mesial and distal furcations in horizontal dimension measured showed following results : buccal and mesial furcations of the maxillary molars and buccal and lingual furcations of the mandibular molars generally found at the center, but the mesial furcation of the maxillary molars were found approximately two thirds toward the palatal aspect.

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Biocompatibility and Bone Conductivity of Porous Calcium Metaphosphate Blocks.

Yong Moo LEE ; Seok Young KIM ; Seung Yun SHIN ; Young KU ; In Chul RHYU ; Chong Pyoung CHUNG

The Journal of the Korean Academy of Periodontology.1998;28(4):559-567. doi:10.5051/jkape.1998.28.4.559

While calcium phosphate ceramics meet some of the needs for bone replacement, they have some limitation of unresorbability and fibrous encapsulation without direct bone apposition during bone remodelling. To address these problem, we developed a new ceramic, calcium metaphosphate(CMP), and report herein the biologic response to CMP in subcutaneous tissue, muscle and bone. Porous CMP blocks were prepared by condensation of anhydrous Ca(H2PO4)2 to form non-crystalline Ca(PO3)2. Macroporous scaffolds were made using a polyurethane sponge method. CMP block possesses a macroporous structure with approximate pore size range of 0.3-1mm. CMP blocks were implanted in 8 mm sized calvarial defect, subcutaneous tissue and muscle of 6 Newzealand White rabbits and histologic observation were performed at 4 and 6 weeks later. CMP blocks in subcutaneous tissue and muscle were well adapted without any adverse tissue reaction and resorbed slowly and spontaneously. Histologic observation of calvarial defect at 4 and 6 weeks revealed that CMP matrix were mingled with and directly apposed to new bone without any intervention of fibrous connective tissue. CMP blocks didn't show any adverse tissue reaction and resorbed spontaneously also in calvarial defect. This result revealed that CMP had a high affinity for bone and was very biocompatible. From this preliminary result, it was suggested that CMP was a promising ceramic as a bone substitute and tissue engineering scaffold for bone formation.
Rabbits ; Animals

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Effects of 2% minocycline gel as an adjunct to scaling and root planing on the treatment of adult periodontitis.

Young Hyuk KWON ; Ji Won PARK ; Yeek HERR ; Joon Bong PARK

The Journal of the Korean Academy of Periodontology.1998;28(4):531-543. doi:10.5051/jkape.1998.28.4.531

The objective of the present study was to evaluate the clinical and microbiological effects of scaling and root planing combined with local application of 2% minocycline gel to patients with moderate to advanced chronic adult periodontitis. 27 healthy patients with moderate to advanced chronic adult periodontitis were enrolled in the study. The quadrants that had 2 or more teeth with 5~8mm probing pocket depth and radiographic evidence of alveolar bone loss were selected and divided into test side and control side according to the splitmouth design. All patients received standardized oral hygiene instructions at the beginning of the study. Subsequently scaling and root plaining was performed on all remaining teeth until 0 week. The 2% minocycline gel was applied to periodontal pocket at 0, 1, 2, 3week in the test side. The normal saline was irrigated subgingivally for about 30 seconds in the control side. The clinical and microbiological analysis was carried out at 0, 4, 8, and 12weeks. The results of this study were as follows; 1. 2% minocycline gel delivered subgingivally as an adjunct to scaling and root planing provided benefit in reducing sulcular bleeding index and pocket depth than the use of normal saline. 2. The relative proportion of cocci and non-motile bacteria was increased in the test and control groups with time, and there was no statistically significantdifference between two groups. 3. The proportion of spirochetes was slowly reduced in the control group, but, inthe test group, they were remarkably reduced from the 4th week, and there was a statistically significant difference between two groups. 4. In both groups, the relative proportion of motile rods was notably decreasedat the beginning of the study, and remained until 12th week in the test group,but, in the control group, they were slowly increased from the 4th weekand finally similar to that of the initial examination. In conclusion, local application of 2% minocycline gel may be effective in the clinical and microbiological aspects as an adjunct to scaling and root planing in periodontal disease sites.
Adult ; Male ; Female ; Humans

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Epitope specificity of Porphyromonas gingivalis heat shock protein for T-cell and/or B-cell in human atherosclerosis.

Jung Gyu BAK ; Sung Jo KIM ; Jeom Il CHOI

The Journal of the Korean Academy of Periodontology.2003;33(2):179-191. doi:10.5051/jkape.2003.33.2.179

Since periodontal infections are suggested as risk factors for the development of cardiovascular diseases, the present study was performed to evaluate the T cell immune responses specific to Porphylomonas gingivalis(P. gingivalis) heat shock protein(hsp) 60 and T-cell and B-cell epitope specificities for P. gingivalis hsp60 in atherosclerosis. Anti-P. gingivalis IgG antibody titers were elevated in all patients. We could establish P. gingivalis hsp-specific T cell lines from the atheroma lesions, a mixture of CD4+ and CD8+ cells producing the cytokines characteristic of both Th1 and Th2 subsets. of 108 overlapping synthetic peptides spanning whole P. gingivalis hsp60 molecule, ten peptides with common epitopes specificities for both T-cell and B-cell were identified. it was concluded that P. gingivalis hsp60 might be involved in the immunoregulatory process of atherosclerotic diseases with epitope specificities.
Atherosclerosis* ; B-Lymphocytes* ; Cardiovascular Diseases ; Cell Line ; Cytokines ; Epitopes ; Epitopes, B-Lymphocyte ; Heat-Shock Proteins* ; Hot Temperature* ; Humans* ; Immunoglobulin G ; Peptides ; Plaque, Atherosclerotic ; Porphyromonas gingivalis* ; Porphyromonas* ; Risk Factors ; Sensitivity and Specificity* ; Shock ; T-Lymphocytes*

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