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INCAPABILITY OF HAEMAPHYSALIS LONGICORNIS AND DERMACENTOR NUTTALLI TO ACQUIRE AND TRANS-STADIAL TRANSMIT THE LYME SPIROCHETES BORRELIA GARINII

Acta Parasitologica et Medica Entomologica Sinica.2003;10(3):174-180. doi:10.3969/j.issn.1005-0507.2003.03.009

To determine whether H. longicornis and D. nuttalli can serve the transmission of Lyme disease as potential vector ticks in North China, the ability of H. longicornis and D. nuttalli to transmit Lyme spirochetes transstadially was estimated under laboratory conditions with vector tick I. persulcatus as control. Results suggest that the two tick species can also acquire active Lyme spirochetes by feeding on infected KM mice. However, they vary in their ability to maintain spirochetes. Only I. persulcatus can maintain active spirochetes during molting, with subsequent tick stages infectious to innocent KM mice. Haemaphysalis longicornis and D. nuttalli maintain spirochetes no longer than the digestion period of blood; after molting, no spirochetes were detected in both of the two tick species. Therefore, both of the two tick species cant be considered as vector ticks, the presence of spirochetes in H. longicornis and D. nuttalli may be tied to co-feeding with I. persulcatus.

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A NEW SPECIES OF SIMULIUM ( GOMPHOSTILBIA ) FROM YUNNAN PROVINCE,CHINA.(DIPTERA:SIMULIIDAE)

Acta Parasitologica et Medica Entomologica Sinica.2004;11(2):87-90. doi:10.3969/j.issn.1005-0507.2004.02.006

This paper deals with a new species of Simuliidae, Simulium ( Gomphostilbia ) yunnanense sp. nov. , from Yunnan Province. On the basis of the morphological characters, the new species evidenty falls into the ceylonicumgroup of the subgenus Gomphosstilbia by the spindle-shaped male hind basitarsus. The morphological description and taxanomic discussion are given.

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A homolog of the yeast longevity assurance gene LAG1 in the parasitic protist Trichomonas vaginalis

Acta Parasitologica et Medica Entomologica Sinica.2004;11(3):129-134. doi:10.3969/j.issn.1005-0507.2004.03.001

In an effort to search and analyze cell growth and senescence-related genes of the parasitic protist Trichomonas vaginalis, we launched an EST program and isolated a cDNA clone with a length of 910 basepairs from a T.vaginalis cDNA library.The sequence analysis revealed that this cDNA clone contains an open reading frame of 834 bp.The deduced amino acid sequence has 277 residues and is most homologous to the longevity-assurance gene 1(LAG1)proteins.A predicted Lag1 motif and a TLC domain conserved in Lag1 proteins were detected in the amino acid sequence.The secondary structure analysis demonstrated that this protein possesses six predicted transmembrane domains and a membrane retention signal of endoplasmic reticulum.These data suggest that this clone is probably a LAG1 homolog,which may participate in the regulation of ceramide biosynthesis and in determining life span or cell senescence of the protozoan.The genomic DNA of this gene is also cloned and sequenced.The DNA sequence is identical to that of cDNA,suggesting it may be a intronless gene of the protozoan.

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DETECTIONS OF ADHESION MOLECULE AND CYTOKINES IN NEUROCYSTICERCOSIS PATIENTS

Acta Parasitologica et Medica Entomologica Sinica.2002;9(4):204-209. doi:10.3969/j.issn.1005-0507.2002.04.003

In 30 neurocysticercosis patients,their levels of soluble intercellular adhesion molecule-1(sICAM-1),interleukin-8(IL-8),and soluble interleukin-2 receptor (sIL-2R) in the serum,and the levels of IL-2,interferon gamma (IFN-γ) and tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α) in the supernatant of their peripheral blood mononuclear cell (PBMC) culture were assayed.The expression of CD11a,CD11b and CD18 molecules on the PBMC of the patients and the controls were tested as well.The levels of slCAM-1,IL-2,and IFN-γ of the patients were lower than those of the control group,but the levels of IL-8,sIL-2R and TNF-α were higher than that in the control group.The percentage of the CD11b positive cell in the patients was significantly higher than that of controls.But the amount of CD 11a expressed on patients PBMC surface was lower than ther of controls.As to CD18,there was no significant difference between the two groups.The relations between these factors and immune functions were discussed.

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DETECTION OF PLASMODIUM VIVAX BY NESTED PCR AMPLIFICATION OF DRIED BLOOD SPOTS ON FILTER PAPERS

Chun NIU ; Xinping ZHU ; Lei ZHOU ; Qiang LIU

Acta Parasitologica et Medica Entomologica Sinica.2000;Ⅶ(1):7-10. doi:10.3969/j.issn.1005-0507.2000.01.002

Malaria parasites DNA was eluted from dried blood spot on filter paper by Chelex treatment and amplified by PCR to detect low parasitemia of Plasmodium vivax. Sensitivity and specificity of nested PCR assay were confirmed by amplifying a 121 bp DNA fragment of SSUrRNA gene of Plvivax.Density of about 25 parasites per ul of blood can be detected successfully.None of other three human malaria species(Plasmodium falciparum,Plasmodium malariae and Plasmodium ovale)samples was positive.The ease of collection and transport of filter paper specimens combined with the sensitive and specific detection of P.vivax by nested PCR suggest that this method might be a valuable tool for moleculr epidemiological study of P.vivax.

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PRELIMINARY STUDIES ON MOUSE PLASMODIUM YOELII MODEL FOR THE EVALUATION OF A MULTI-EPITOPE VACCINE CANDIDATE OF PLASMODIUM FALCIPARUM

Wenqi DONG ; Huixang BI ; Ming LI ; Lizhi QU

Acta Parasitologica et Medica Entomologica Sinica.2001;8(1):1-6. doi:10.3969/j.issn.1005-0507.2001.01.001

To find a suitable animal model for the vaccine assessment of Plasmodium falciparum,Plasmodium yoelii and Plasmodium berghei of mouse were used to evaluate the protection for a multi-epitope vaccine candidate of Plasmodium falciparum. Results showed that mice of the group firstly immunized with the protein expressed in E.coli,then boosted with the recombinant vaccinia virus from the same epitopes survived longer than that of groups immunized with the wild vaccinia virus or the blank control (P<0.01).This indicates that Plasmodium yoelii of mouse could be used as a protective model for the evaluation of multi-epitope vaccine candidate of Plasmodium falciparum.

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OBSTRUCTION AND SEQUENCE DETERMINATION OF E.COLI-MYCOBACTERIA RECOMBINANT SHUTTLE PLASMID OF CSP GENE FRAGMENT OF PLASMODIUM FALCIPARUM

Chunfu ZHENG ; Shaoting WU ; Yatang CHEN ; Shitong GAO ; Min LIN

Acta Parasitologica et Medica Entomologica Sinica.2001;8(1):7-12. doi:10.3969/j.issn.1005-0507.2001.01.002

The circumsporozoite protein(CSP) gene fragment of Plasmodium falciparum was cloned and sequenced.A pair of primer was designed according to the CSP encoding sequence of 837 isolate(Thailand isolate),and the CSP gene fragment was amplified by polymerase chain reaction(PCR) from Plasmodium falciparum FCC-1/HN isolate,it spanned the conserved region I.the central immunodominant repeat region\,the variable region behind the repeats and the conserved II region.After purification,the CSP gene fragment was digested with restriction enzyme BamH I and Kpn I,and ligated with the pBCG5.6 digested with the same enzyme.The recombinant pBCG5.6/CSP was transformed into E.coli DH5α.Positive clones were screened and identified by PCR technique and digestion with restriction enzyme.Nucleotide sequence was determined by dideotide chain-termination method.The results indicated that the CSP gene was successfully amplified and cloned,its nucleotide sequence was about 1 171 bp and was in accordance with the expected one.Sequence determination results showed that the cloned gene fragment was the same with the CSP encoding gene.

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ENZYME-LINKED IMMUNOELECTROTRANSFER BLOT ASSAY (EITB)FOR DETECTING IGG AND IGG4 ANTIBODY IN SERUM OF HUMAN NEUROCYSTICERCOSIS

Jing WU ; Yajie LI ; Ping LIU ; Hui WANG

Acta Parasitologica et Medica Entomologica Sinica.2001;8(1):13-18. doi:10.3969/j.issn.1005-0507.2001.01.003

Total IgG and IgG4 subclass antibody were investigated in serum of neurocysticercosis patients who were divided into four groups.The first group consisted of parasitological and clinically confirmed patients before treatment.The second,third and fourth groups comprised treated patients after 1～3,4～6 and 7～9 therapeutic courses respectively(Each therapeutic course includes 10～14 days)*.241 serum samples from these four groups were detected with EITB using lentil-lectin affinity purified antigens for total IgG and IgG4.36 sera from healthy individuals were used as negative control.We also detected 27 sera from patients of echinococcosis and clonorchiosis by the same method.Compared to negative control the total IgG and IgG4 subclass antibody levels in four different groups were respectively 96.3% and 97.5% for the lst group;93.3% and 78.6% for the 2ed;88.0% and 38.0% for the 3rd;86.1% and 13.9% for the 4th.There was no significant difference for the total IgG among these four groups(P>0.01).In contrast,the levels of IgG4 antibodies in the post-treatment patients were lower than that of the before-treatment patients.The positive rate of IgG4 antibody in symptomatic post-treatment patients is 77.0% but in asymptomatic post-treatment patients is only 21.3%(P<0.001).None of the antigens recognized by IgG was unique to the four groups.GP42 and GP24 were the most common bands recognized by many patients for IgG,but in the latter two groups,IgG4 distinctively recognized low molecular weight antigen of 18kD and 13kD.36 sera from healthy individuals were all negative.The positive rate of total IgG antibody in 27 sera from heterologous infections is 7.5%,in contrast,IgG4 antibody of these sera were all negative.These observation confirmed that IgG4 is an important diagnostic parameter for cure of human neurocysticercosis.

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CAPTURING EFFECT OF ARTHROBOTRYS OLIGOSPORA ON THE 3RD LARVAE OF PARASITIC NEMATODES OF SHEEP IN VITRO

Zerong QIN ; Zuoqing MIAO ; Ming KANG ; Gang CHEN ; Meizi LI

Acta Parasitologica et Medica Entomologica Sinica.2001;8(1):19-22. doi:10.3969/j.issn.1005-0507.2001.01.004

The capturing effect of 5 strains of Arthrobotrys oligospora on the 3rd larvae of parasitic nematodes of sheep was described in the present study. The presence of nematode larvae induced fungi to produce trapping loops. Five strains of A.oligospora reduced the nematode larvae,respectively,by 72.6%\,89.0%、80.0%、84.4%、90.2%.

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CLONE AND ANALYSIS ON GENE FRAGMENTS OF NEW MEMBERS OF CYP6 FAMILY FROM GENOME OF AEDES ALBOPICTUS

Yu WU ; Jionglie HUANG ; Guoli ZHOU ; Xiaoxin LIU ; Zuoliang ZHONG

Acta Parasitologica et Medica Entomologica Sinica.2001;8(1):23-30. doi:10.3969/j.issn.1005-0507.2001.01.005

Aim:To obtain new members'gene fragments of CYP6 family from Aedes albopictus. Method: A pair of degenerate primers according to the homologous amino acid sequences of CYP6A1,CYP6D1 in Musca domestica and CYP6E1 in Culex quinquefasciatus was designed and used to amplify CYP6 gene from genomic DNA of sensitive and deltamethrin-resistant strains of Ae.albopictus by PCR technique. Five DNA fragments sized as designed were obtained. These fragments were recombined by T-A ligation, and cloned into JM109.Five positive clones were selected to sequence. Homologous analysis on these deduced amino acid sequences were executed. Results: Five nucleotide sequences were obtained, of which the length is from 236bp to 240bp.The identities of these cloned sequences to other known members of CYP6 are from 23.1% to 53.8%,to CYP3 are from 25.6% to 43.9%,and to CYP4 are from 13.9% to 24.4%. Conclusion:These cloned sequences are gene fragments from new members of CYP6 family.

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