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Awareness of HIV testing results before sex among men who have sex with men

Wanjun CHEN ; Jianjun RUAN ; Bixiang ZHU ; Lianjuan LOU ; Junxian CHEN ; Lianqi ZHA ; Qiaoqin MA ; Lin CHEN ; Tingting JIANG ; Mingyu LUO

Journal of Preventive Medicine.2019;31(1):1-4. doi:10.19485/j.cnki.issn2096-5087.2019.01.001

Objective: To understand the awareness of HIV testing results before having sex among men who have sex with men （MSM） . Methods: The MSM from a gay bar in Zhejiang Province were recruited through convenience sampling method. A questionnaire survey was conducted to collect the information about demographic characteristics,sexual behaviors,awareness of HIV status between sexual partners and HIV testing results during August of the year 2016. The awareness of HIV testing results before having sex among MSM and the influencing factors were analyzed . Results: A total of 124 MSM were recruited in this study,56.56% of whom aged from 25 to 39 years,and 61.29% were single,divorced or widowed. The number of sexual partners they had in the last year ranged from 1 to 40,with median of 8. The MSM who had casual sexual partners accounted for 70.97%. The MSM who had regular HIV testing accounted for 90.32%,yet who would like to share the HIV testing reports with partners only accounted for 18.55%. Whether asking about the HIV status before having sex or not was associated with age,marriage status,the number and characters of sexual partners（P<0.05）. The MSM who were informed of the HIV status of commercial partners,casual partners and regular partners accounted for 0,5.10% and 19.77%,respectively. The main reasons for MSM not knowing about the HIV status of their sexual partners were“condom use would prevent HIV infection”（78.38%）,“never thought about HIV infection”（53.15%）,and “there was no need to ask as the partner looked healthy”（36.94%） . Conclusion The proportion of MSM who were aware of HIV testing results before having sex was not high and was associated with age,marriage status,the number and characters of sexual partners. Lack of knowledge about HIV infection might contributed to this low proportion.

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A case control study of risk factors for lung cancer

Yirong FANG ; Yan MA ; Shuhong XU ; Yingxin PEI

Journal of Preventive Medicine.2019;31(7):649-652. doi:10.19485/j.cnki.issn2096-5087.2019.07.001

Objective: To analyze the risk factors for lung cancer and to provide scientific evidence for prevention of lung cancer. Methods: A total of 461 newly diagnosed patients with primary lung cancer from January 2015 to June 2017 in Shaoxing were selected as the case group. Six hundred healthy residents with the same residence,distribution of gender and age as the cases were selected as the control group by frequency matching method. A questionnaire survey was conducted to collect demographic characteristics,family history of major chronic diseases,disease history and behavioral factors. The method of case-control study and multivariate logistic regression model were used for statistical analysis of the risk factors for lung cancer. Results: The results of multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that after adjusting for age and gender,family history of cancer（OR=6.606,95%CI：3.439-12.689）,history of lung diseases（OR=2.836,95%CI：1.208-6.659）,high level of stress（OR=2.485,95%CI：1.830-3.376）,low consumption of fresh vegetables（OR=3.116,95%CI：2.470-3.930）and smoking（OR=6.029,95%CI：3.716-9.783）were risk factors for lung cancer;after adjusting for age,gender,family history of cancer,history of lung diseases,stress levels and consumption of fresh vegetables,quitting smoking for less than ten years was a risk factor for lung cancer（OR=4.751,95%CI：2.404-9.386）compared with quitting smoking for ten years or above. Conclusion Family history of cancer,history of lung diseases,high level of stress,low consumption of fresh vegetables and smoking were risk factors for lung cancer.

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Real-time recombinase polymerase amplification for detection of Vibrio parahaemolyticus

Li ZHAN ; Changping XU ; Yunyi ZHANG ; Honghu CHEN ; Zheng ZHANG ; Jiancai CHEN ; Junyan ZHANG ; Lingling MEI

Journal of Preventive Medicine.2019;31(7):653-657. doi:10.19485/j.cnki.issn2096-5087.2019.07.002

Objective: To establish real-time recombinase polymerase amplification（RPA）for the rapid detection of Vibrio parahaemolyticus（VP）. Methods: An exo probe and primers were designed according to the conserved sequence of thermolabile hemolysin（tlh）gene of VP and then RPA for detection of VP was established. The sensitivity of the assay was evaluated by detecting different concentration of VP;the specificity was evaluated by detecting different bacteria;the stability was evaluated by repeat trials;the application effect was evaluated by detecting food samples which were simultaneously tested with traditional culture method according to GB 4798.7-2013 Detection of VP. Results: A real-time RPA was established to complete VP amplification within 20 min at a constant temperature of 39 ℃. The analytical sensitivity of the assay was five pg per reaction and no cross-reactivity with other pathogenic bacteria observed. The RPA detection results with different concentration of VP and E. coli DNA templates at three time points were consistent. The detection results of 51 food samples by RPA were the same as those by traditional culture method. Conclusion The established real-time RPA can qualitatively detect VP,with simple operation and interpretation of results,which is suitable for rapid detection of VP in public health emergencies and food safety supervision.

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Association between dietary selenium intake and hypertension in Zhejiang residents

Mengjie HE ; Danting SU ; Yan ZOU ; Lichun HUANG ; Dong ZHAO ; Wei WANG ; Yueqiang FANG ; Enshan HUANG ; Wei GU ; Ronghua ZHANG

Journal of Preventive Medicine.2019;31(1):5-9. doi:10.19485/j.cnki.issn2096-5087.2019.01.002

Objective: To investigate the association between dietary selenium intake and hypertension among Zhejiang residents . Methods: By multistage stratified random sampling method,four urban sites and two rural sites out of Zhejiang Province,four communities or villages out of each site,then 20 households out of each community or village were selected,and all the family members of the selected households were recruited as participants. The questionnaire of Chinese Health and Nutrition Survey was used to collect information about socio-demographic characteristics and dietary selenium intake. The blood pressure,blood lipid and other data were collected via physical examination. A multivariate logistic regression model was used to analyze the relationship between dietary selenium intake and hypertension . Results: A total of 1 222 participants with complete dietary selenium intake data were included for analysis. The number（%）of participants with selenium intake higher than the level of estimated average requirement（EAR）,between the levels of EAR and recommanded nutrient intake （RNI）,between the levels of RNI and upper intake（UI）and higher than the level of UI were 729 （59.66%）,151（12.36%）,341（27.91%）and 1（0.01%）,respectively. There were 283 （30.53%）patients with hypertension out of 927 participants examined. The mean amount of selenium intake in patients with hypertention was（43.06±20.96）μg/d,which was significantly lower than（51.56±30.06） μg/d in non-hypertention participants（P<0.05）. After adjusting for age,body mass index,total cholesterol,triglyceride and diabetes mellitus in the multivariate logistic regression model,dietary selenium intake significantly reduced the risk of hypertension（OR=0.985,95%CI：0.978-0.993） . Conclusion About 60% of residents in Zhejiang Province had lower dietary selenium intake than estimated average requirement. Higher selenium intake was associated with lower risk of hypertension.

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Injury status of community residents in Zhejiang Province

Lihua GUO ; Ming ZHAO ; Le FANG ; Xiangyu CHEN ; Fangrong FEI ; Jieming ZHONG

Journal of Preventive Medicine.2019;31(7):658-660. doi:10.19485/j.cnki.issn2096-5087.2019.07.003

Objective: To learn the current status of injury among community residents in Zhejiang Province,and to provide reference for injury prevention strategy. Methods: A total of 38 005 residents were recuited from 11 counties or districts in Zhejiang Province by multi-stage cluster random sampling. A retrospective questionnaire survey was conducted to collect their injury occurrence from June 1st of 2017 to May 31st of 2018,then analyzed the incidence,mortality and types of injury. Results: Among 38 005 respondents,2 186 injuries occurred,the incidence rate of injury was 5.75%. The incidence rate of injury in males and females were 5.67% and 5.84%,respectively. The incidence rate of injury in rural respondents（6.97%）was higher than that（4.79%）in urban respondents（P<0.05）. Seven respondents died of injury and the mortality rate was 18.42/100 000. The top five types of injury were falls（2.27%）,traffic accidents（1.53%）,animal bites（0.69%）,sharp articles（0.50%）and blunt articles（0.41%）. The lowest incidence rate of injury lay in 15 to 24 years old,and the highest lay in 65 to 74 years old. The incidence rate of injury increased with age（P<0.05）. The first type of injury in respondents aged 15 to 44 years old was traffic accidents,while others was falls. Conclusion The incidence of injury is higher in rural residents than in urban residents in Zhejiang Province,which increase with age. Falls and traffic accidents are the main threats to residents in Zhejiang Province.

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Influence of symbiotic bacteria from lettuce on inactivation of norovirus

Kangjun WU ; Yujian LU ; Wenjie ZHOU ; Shujing WANG ; Songyan ZOU ; Ningbo LIAO ; Haiyan MAO ; Dongqing CHENG

Journal of Preventive Medicine.2019;31(7):661-665. doi:10.19485/j.cnki.issn2096-5087.2019.07.004

Objective: To demonstrate the effects of symbiotic bacteria from lettuce on inactivation of norovirus（NV）. Methods: Symbiotic bacteria were isolated from the lettuces sampled from farmlands and supermarkets. NV mixed with symbiotic bacteria was set as the experimental group,without symbiotic bacteria as the control group. After the inactivation by high temperature,ultraviolet light（UV）and chlorine dioxide,the ratio of NV amount in the experimental group and the control group was calculated to evaluate the effects of symbiotic bacteria. The mechanism of symbiotic bacteria was revealed by detecting their effects on the protection of viral capsid protein from UV and on the adsorption of NV. Results: Eleven symbiotic bacteria were identified from lettuces,all of which were bacilli,mainly Pseudomonas. Ten symbiotic bacteria could improve the heat-resistant ability of NV,with Microbacterium oryzae,Cupriavidus taiwanensis（SC061204）,Pseudomonas furukawaii,Enterobacter tabaci and Pseudomonas resinovorans（SC061211）more significant. Eleven symbiotic bacteria could improve anti-UV ability of NV,with Pseudomonas putida,Microbacterium oryzae and Enterobacter tabaci more significant. Only one strain of Pseudomonas putida could improve anti-chlorine dioxide ability of NV（Class I hazard）. Pseudomonas putida,Microbacterium oryzae and Enterobacter tabaci could significantly reduce the damage of NV capsid protein. Nine symbiotic bacteria could promote NV adsorption into lettuces,with the promotion rates ranged from 1.04% to 46.73%;while Pseudomonas putida and Pseudomonas resinovorans（SC061211） could restrain NV absorption,with the promotion rates of -6.50% and -19.85%. Conclusion Symbiotic bacteria from lettuce may enhance the anti-inactivation of NV by protecting capsid protein and promoting adsorption of NV. It is recommended to control the presence of symbiotic bacteria in the process of inactivating NV.

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Characteristics of road traffic injury cases caused by electric bicycles in Changshan County

Sheng LIU ; Hongxia ZENG ; Zhengfu WU ; Jiafu DUAN ; Ying WANG

Journal of Preventive Medicine.2019;31(7):666-668. doi:10.19485/j.cnki.issn2096-5087.2019.07.005

Objective: To learn the characteristics of road traffic injury cases caused by electric bicycles in Changshan County from 2013 to 2016,and to provide evidence for the development of preventive measures or traffic regulations. Methods: The surveillance data of road traffic injuries caused by electric bicycles was collected from the hospital-based product injury monitoring system in Changshan County during 2013-2016. The descriptive epidemiologic analysis on demographic characteristics,body parts and degree of injury was conducted. Results: A total of 7 078 road traffic injury cases caused by electric bicycles were reported from 2013 to 2016,accounting for 49.58% of road traffic injuries. The proportion of electric bicycle injuries was higher in females than in males（P<0.05）. There were 4 893 cases aged 30-64 years,accounting for 69.13%;5 562 cases with an education level of junior high school or below,accounting for 78.58%;2 005 cases occurring from July to September,accounting for 28.33%;5 216 cases occurring from 8:00 to 19:00,accounting for 73.69%. The injury mainly lay in head,accounting for 30.77%（2 178 cases）. Most injuries were flesh wounds,accounting for 74.96%（5 306 cases）. Most cases went home after treatment,accounting for 76.09%（5 386 cases）. Conclusion The incidence of road traffic injury caused by electric bicycles is high in Changshan County. Improving the safety awareness of women and people aged 30-64 years should be focused on.

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Human resource development of CDCs in Zhejiang Province

Na LI ; Renjie ZHANG ; Yuhang XING ; Xuehai ZHANG ; Yudong WEI ; Shuangfeng ZHANG ; Zhen WANG ; Shichang XIA

Journal of Preventive Medicine.2019;31(1):10-14. doi:10.19485/j.cnki.issn2096-5087.2019.01.003

Objective: To learn the human resource development of provincial,municipal and county-level centers for disease control and prevention（CDCs）in Zhejiang Province from 2010 to 2017,and to provide evidence for optimizing human resource allocation . Methods: We obtained the human resource data of CDCs in Zhejiang Province from national information system for disease control and prevention,and analyzed the changes in the number of permanent staffs,the number of permanent staffs per ten thousand permanent residents as well as the composition of the age,education level,professional background and title in provincial,municipal and county-level CDCs from 2010 to 2017 . Results: The number of the permanent staffs of CDCs in Zhejiang Province increased from 4 592 to 4 835 from 2010 to 2017. In 2017,the number of permanent staffs in overall,provincial,municipal and county-level CDCs per ten thousand permanent residents were 0.855,0.068,0.186 and 0.600,respectively,all of which did not meet the standard. The main age group of CDC staffs changed from 25-34 years old in 2010 to 35-44 years old in 2017. The staffs of overall,provincial,municipal and county-level CDCs mainly had Bachelor's degrees in 2010,while the staffs of provincial CDCs mainly had Master's degrees and above in 2017. The percentages of staffs who had Bachelor's degrees and above in overall,provincial,municipal and county-level CDCs in 2017 increased to 75.12%,90.36%,80.76% and 71.65%,respectively. The CDC staffs were mainly public health professionals,and the percentage increased from 2010 to 2017. The percentages of public health and laboratory medicine professionals in overall,provincial,municipal and county-level CDCs in 2017 increased to 71.56%,79.17%,70.14% and 71.15%,respectively. The CDC staffs mainly had intermediate title,and the percentage of senior title in overall,provincial,municipal and county-level CDCs in 2017 increased to 25.58%,38.80%,32.99% and 21.79%,respectively . Conclusion From 2010 to 2017,the structure of education level,professional background and title of CDC staffs in Zhejiang Province were further optimized,but there was a lack of permanent staffs and a decrease in the staffs under 35 years old.

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Baseline survey of sodium,potassium and blood pressure of adult inhabitants in Liandu District

Shaolin MEI ; Yanping YANG ; Xiaohong LIU ; Jianliang ZHU ; Zhiyong HU ; Xiangyu CHEN ; Xiaofu DU

Journal of Preventive Medicine.2019;31(7):669-672. doi:10.19485/j.cnki.issn2096-5087.2019.07.006

Objective: To investigate the sodium,potassium and blood pressure of adult residents in Liandu District of Lishui,and to provide evidence for salt reduction intervention. Methods: A stratified random sampling method was used to select residents aged 18 to 69 years in Liandu District from December 2016 to February 2017. A questionnaire survey and physical examination were conducted to collect basic information. The 24-hour urine samples were collected to detect sodium and potassium intake. Results: Among 300 participants,the average daily intake of sodium was（10.59±3.90）g,which was higher in men than in women [（11.11±4.33）g vs.（10.08±3.37）g,P<0.05]. There were 274 participants with average daily intake of sodium more than 6 g,accounting for 91.33%. The average daily intake of potassium was（1.67±0.71）g,which was higher in women than in men [（1.77±0.72）g vs.（1.57±0.68）g,P<0.05]. The average daily intakes of potassium were significantly different among different age groups,with participants aged 20 to 29 years the lowest（P<0.05）. There were 217 participants with average daily intake of potassium less than 2 g,accounting for 72.33%. The ratio of sodium to potassium was 4.7±2.2,which was higher in men than in women（5.3±2.7 vs. 4.1±1.4,P<0.05）and decreased with age（P<0.05）. There were 291 participants with the ratio more than 1.87,accounting for 97.00%. The prevalence of hypertension was 31.67%,which was 33.65% in men and 29.80% in women. Conclusion The residents in Liandu District have high intake of sodium and prevalence of hypertension,yet low intake of potassium.

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AIDS knowledge,attitudes and practices among freshmen of a university in Hangzhou

Yan LUO ; Gang ZHAO ; Xiting LI ; Jie JIN ; Hong WU ; Xingliang ZHANG ; Jianming DING ; Ke XU ; Wenjie LUO ; Jia-nyu YOU

Journal of Preventive Medicine.2019;31(7):673-677. doi:10.19485/j.cnki.issn2096-5087.2019.07.007

Objective: To understand the AIDS knowledge,attitudes and practices of freshmen in Hangzhou and to provide evidence for prevention and control of AIDS in university students. Methods: Freshmen who enrolled in 2015 in a comprehensive university in Hangzhou were recruited by convenience sampling method and surveyed by a questionnaire about AIDS knowledge,attitudes and practices. Logistic regression model was used to analyze the influencing factors for awareness of AIDS knowledge among freshmen. Results: There were 1 999 respondents recruited,with a response rate of 95.19%. The awareness rates of basic and extend AIDS knowledge were 97.90% and 30.67%,respectively. The results of multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that residence（OR=1.210,95%CI：1.006-1.456）,average or good family economic status（OR：1.874-3.027,95%CI：1.255-7.300）,receiving AIDS/STD related education（OR=1.717,95%CI：1.407-2.097）and receiving AIDS/STD related counselling in the past year（OR=1.786,95%CI：1.033-3.088）were the promotive factors for awareness of AIDS knowledge among freshmen. About 48.50% of freshmen thought they were impossible to be infected with AIDS,and 47.10% of them thought they were less likely to be infected with AIDS. About 0.90% of freshmen had sexual experience,fifteen,two and one of them experienced their first sex with girlfriend/boyfriend,homosexual partners and casual sex partners,respectively;nine of them used condoms in their first sex. The proportions of receiving AIDS/STD related services among freshmen ranged 2.00% from 37.77%. Conclusion The freshmen have a poor understanding of AIDS,weak awareness of HIV infection risk,high-risk behaviors for STDS/AIDS and receive insufficient AIDS prevention and intervention measures.

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