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Pediatric Gastroenterology, Hepatology & Nutrition.2014;17(4):203-208. doi:10.5223/pghn.2014.17.4.203

Chronic constipation is a very common disease in children. Successful treatment of constipation can be achieved not only with medication but also with lifestyle changes, including a proper diet. Diets including fruits, fluids, and probiotics are good for constipation. Some dietary components are helpful for constipation, and some are harmful. In this study, we present diets related to constipation from the literature, and propose some perspectives regarding diets related to constipation.
Child ; Constipation* ; Diet* ; Fruit ; Humans ; Life Style ; Probiotics

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Gut Microbiota and Clinical Disease: Obesity and Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease.

Ji Sook PARK ; Ji Hyun SEO ; Hee Shang YOUN

Pediatric Gastroenterology, Hepatology & Nutrition.2013;16(1):22-27. doi:10.5223/pghn.2013.16.1.22

The prevalence of obesity is increasing worldwide. Obesity can cause hyperlipidemia, hypertension, cardiovascular diseases, metabolic syndrome and non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). Many environmental or genetic factors have been suggested to contribute to the development of obesity, but there is no satisfactory explanation for its increased prevalence. This review discusses the latest updates on the role of the gut microbiota in obesity and NAFLD.
Cardiovascular Diseases ; Fatty Liver ; Hyperlipidemias ; Hypertension ; Metagenome ; Obesity ; Prevalence

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Gut Microbiota in Inflammatory Bowel Disease.

Jung Ok SHIM

Pediatric Gastroenterology, Hepatology & Nutrition.2013;16(1):17-21. doi:10.5223/pghn.2013.16.1.17

The gut mucosal barrier plays an important role in maintaining a delicate immune homeostasis. The pathogenesis of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is considered to involve a defective mucosal immunity along with a genetic predisposition. Recent views have suggested an excessive response to components of the gut microbiota in IBD. A condition of "dysbiosis", with alterations of the gut microbial composition, has been observed in patients with IBD. In this article, the author review recent studies of gut microbiota in IBD, particularly the importance of the gut microbiota in the pathogenesis of pediatric IBD.
Child ; Genetic Predisposition to Disease ; Homeostasis ; Humans ; Immunity, Mucosal ; Inflammatory Bowel Diseases ; Metagenome

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Recent Achievements in Stem Cell Therapy for Pediatric Gastrointestinal Tract Disease.

Sun Hwan BAE

Pediatric Gastroenterology, Hepatology & Nutrition.2013;16(1):10-16. doi:10.5223/pghn.2013.16.1.10

The field of stem cell research has been rapidly expanding. Although the clinical usefulness of research remains to be ascertained through human trials, the use of stem cells as a therapeutic option for currently disabling diseases holds fascinating potential. Many pediatric gastrointestinal tract diseases have defect in enterocytes, enteric nervous system cells, smooth muscles, and interstitial cells of Cajal. Various kinds of therapeutic trials using stem cells could be applied to these diseases. This review article focuses on the recent achievements in stem cell applications for pediatric gastrointestinal tract diseases.
Achievement ; Child ; Enteric Nervous System ; Enterocytes ; Gastrointestinal Diseases ; Gastrointestinal Tract ; Humans ; Interstitial Cells of Cajal ; Muscle, Smooth ; Stem Cell Research ; Stem Cells ; Tissue Engineering

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Recent Trends in the Endoscopic Management of Variceal Bleeding in Children.

Seung Jin KIM ; Kyung Mo KIM

Pediatric Gastroenterology, Hepatology & Nutrition.2013;16(1):1-9. doi:10.5223/pghn.2013.16.1.1

Variceal bleeding results in significant morbidity and mortality in both children and adults. The guidelines for the management of variceal bleeding are well established in adults but not in children as there have been insufficient pediatric studies of this disorder. In addition, the adult guidelines for treatment of variceal bleeding cannot be applied directly to children as the etiology and natural course of this disease differs between children and adults. Examples of recommended treatments in children include endoscopic variceal ligation as secondary prophylaxis for biliary atresia whereas a meso-Rex shunt operation for extrahepatic portal vein obstruction. In this review, we discuss prophylaxis options and some technical aspects of endoscopic management for variceal bleeding in children.
Adult ; Biliary Atresia ; Child ; Esophageal and Gastric Varices ; Hemorrhage ; Humans ; Ligation ; Portal Vein

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Benign Recurrent Intrahepatic Cholestasis with a Single Heterozygote Mutation in the ATP8B1 Gene.

Yun Seok LEE ; Mi Jin KIM ; Chang Seok KI ; Yoo Min LEE ; Yoon LEE ; Yon Ho CHOE

Pediatric Gastroenterology, Hepatology & Nutrition.2012;15(2):122-126. doi:10.5223/pghn.2012.15.2.122

Benign recurrent intrahepatic cholestasis (BRIC) is a rare autosomal recessive inherited disorder characterized by multiple recurrent episodes of severe cholestatic jaundice without obstruction of extrahepatic bile duct. We present the case of a 7-year-old boy with BRIC confirmed by mutation analysis in the ATP8B1 gene and typical clinical manifestation. Despite inheritance of BRIC, we detected a mutation on only one allele. To our knowledge, this is the first report of BRIC with a confirmed single heterozygote novel mutation in the ATP8B1 gene in Korea.
Alleles ; Bile Ducts, Extrahepatic ; Child ; Cholestasis, Intrahepatic ; Heterozygote ; Humans ; Jaundice, Obstructive ; Korea ; Wills

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A Case of Idiopathic Congenital Neonatal Cholestasis in a Patient with Down Syndrome.

Tae Eon HUH ; Hyun Jeong DO ; Ji Sook PARK ; Jung Sook YEOM ; Eun Sil PARK ; Ji Hyun SEO ; Jae Young LIM ; Chan Hoo PARK ; Hyang Ok WOO ; Hee Shang YOUN

Pediatric Gastroenterology, Hepatology & Nutrition.2012;15(2):117-121. doi:10.5223/pghn.2012.15.2.117

Down syndrome is a rare cause of neonatal cholestasis. Neonatal cholestasis in a patient with Down syndrome is usually associated with severe liver diseases, such as neonatal hemochromatosis, myeloproliferative disorder and intrahepatic bile duct paucity. We experienced a case of idiopathic neonatal cholestasis in a patient with Down syndrome, which resolved spontaneously.
Bile Ducts, Intrahepatic ; Cholestasis ; Down Syndrome ; Hemochromatosis ; Humans ; Infant, Newborn ; Liver Diseases ; Myeloproliferative Disorders

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A Pediatric Case of Toxic Hepatitis Induced by Hovenia Dulcis.

Yun Ji KIM ; Seung Lok RYU ; Jae Won SHIM ; Duk Soo KIM ; Jung Yeon SHIM ; Moon Soo PARK ; Hye Lim JUNG

Pediatric Gastroenterology, Hepatology & Nutrition.2012;15(2):111-116. doi:10.5223/pghn.2012.15.2.111

Toxic hepatitis is a rare but devastating disease in children. Herbs are widely used in oriental medicine to treat various symptoms in Korea, however, several herbs have been reported to induce liver injury. We report a case of toxic hepatitis induced by Hovenia dulcis in a 3-year-old boy. He complained of nausea, abdominal discomfort, and jaundice. The patient had consumed water boiled with hovenia dulcis for about 1 year prior to presentation. A diagnosis of toxic hepatitis was made based on his history, laboratory data, viral markers, ultrasonography, and biopsied liver tissue. We administered supportive management for acute fulminant hepatitis but his symptoms and liver function progressed. He was transferred to another hospital for further evaluation and consideration for liver transplantation. Because acute liver failure due to herbs or dietary supplement taken for a long time is often fetal, it is important to make early diagnosis and stop taking the drug as soon as drug induced liver injury is suspected.
Biomarkers ; Child ; Dietary Supplements ; Drug-Induced Liver Injury ; Early Diagnosis ; Hepatitis ; Humans ; Jaundice ; Korea ; Liver ; Liver Failure, Acute ; Liver Transplantation ; Medicine, East Asian Traditional ; Nausea ; Preschool Child ; Water

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Endoscopic Hemostasis for Bleeding Gastric Ulcer Caused by Ibuprofen in a 16-month-old Infant.

So Young NA

Pediatric Gastroenterology, Hepatology & Nutrition.2012;15(2):105-110. doi:10.5223/pghn.2012.15.2.105

Gastric ulcers are rare in children and are typically seen in cases of Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) infection, non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) use, and critical illnesses such as sepsis. The risk of a bleeding ulcer due to use of NSAIDs is dependent on the dose, duration, and the individual NSAIDs, but the bleeding may occur soon after the initiation of NSAID therapy. An experience is described of a 16-month-old infant with a bleeding gastric ulcer after taking the usual dosage of ibuprofen for 3 days. The infant was also successfully treated with endoscopic hemostasis. Even a small amount of ibuprofen may be associated with bleeding gastric ulcers in infant.
Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal ; Child ; Critical Illness ; Helicobacter pylori ; Hemorrhage ; Hemostasis, Endoscopic ; Humans ; Ibuprofen ; Infant ; Sepsis ; Stomach Ulcer ; Ulcer

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A Case of Congenital Paraesophageal Hiatal Hernia in Infancy.

Won Nyung JANG ; In Su PARK ; Kwi Won PARK ; Seon Young YOO ; Jin LEE ; Sang Hee CHO

Pediatric Gastroenterology, Hepatology & Nutrition.2012;15(2):100-104. doi:10.5223/pghn.2012.15.2.100

Esophageal hiatal hernia is the hernia of a part of or the whole of stomach to posterior mediastinum through esophageal hiatus. Esophageal hiatal hernia can be classified as sliding hiatal hernia (type I), paraesophageal (type II), combined sliding and paraesophageal (type III), and complex paraesophageal (type IV). Type III and IV are clinically classified as paraesophageal hernia. The authors by chance found cystic mass filled with air in the lower lobe of the right lung during the treatment of mycoplasma pneumonia of 10 month-old patient. It was found to be paraesophageal hernia on the chest computed tomography and treated with the operation. As complex paraesophageal hernia is not usual among infants, the authors report it here with literature review.
Hernia ; Hernia, Hiatal ; Humans ; Infant ; Lung ; Mediastinum ; Mycoplasma ; Pneumonia ; Pneumonia, Mycoplasma ; Stomach ; Thorax

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