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Effects of Academic Stress in Middle School Students on Smartphone Addiction: Moderating Effect of Self-esteem and Self-control.

Il Ok KIM ; Sun Hwa SHIN

Journal of Korean Academy of Psychiatric and Mental Health Nursing.2016;25(3):262-271. doi:10.12934/jkpmhn.2016.25.3.262

PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to analyze the effects of academic stress among middle school students to their smartphone addiction while exploring the moderating effect of self-esteem and self-control in the relationship between academic stress and smartphone addiction. METHODS: A descriptive research design was used. The participants were 398 middle school students from one middle school in Seoul. A self-administered questionnaire was used to measure academic stress, self-esteem, self-control, and smartphone addiction. Data were analyzed with the SPSS/WIN 21.0 program. RESULTS: Smartphone addiction significantly differed according to gender, duration of smartphone use and average monthly amount of use. The hierarchical regression analyses revealed significant positive relations between academic stress and smartphone addiction. On the other hand, self-esteem and self-control were negatively related to smartphone addiction. Self-control appeared to have moderating effects in the relationship between academic stress and smartphone addiction. CONCLUSION: It is important when developing smartphone addiction prevention programs to consider self-control that showed moderating effects.
Behavior, Addictive ; Hand ; Humans ; Research Design ; Self-Control* ; Seoul ; Smartphone*

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Effect of Human Rights Sensitivity and Social Distance on Attitude toward Mental Illness in Psychiatric Hospital Orderlies.

Hyang Ha KIM ; Ji Young KIM ; Myung Ha LEE ; Seok Hee JEONG

Journal of Korean Academy of Psychiatric and Mental Health Nursing.2016;25(3):249-261. doi:10.12934/jkpmhn.2016.25.3.249

PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to examine the effects of human rights sensitivity and social distance in psychiatric hospital orderlies on attitudes toward mental illness, including authoritarianism, benevolence, social restrictiveness, and community mental health ideology. METHODS: Participants were 201 psychiatric hospital orderlies working in one national mental hospital or one of 10 private mental hospitals. Data were collected from May 9 to June 22, 2016. Data were analyzed with descriptive statistics, independent t-test, one-way ANOVA, Pearson correlation coefficients and hierarchical multiple regression using the SPSS/WIN 21.0 program. RESULTS: Human rights sensitivity and social distance were statistically significant predictors for the attitude toward mental illness in psychiatric hospital orderlies. Hierarchical multiple regression analysis revealed that human rights sensitivity and social distance explained an additional 23% of authoritarianism, 16% of benevolence, 35% of social restrictiveness and 29% of community mental health ideology. CONCLUSION: These findings suggest that education programs to increase levels of human rights sensitivity and reduce the levels of social distance among psychiatric hospital orderlies would improve their attitude toward patients with the mental illness.
Authoritarianism ; Beneficence ; Education ; Hospitals, Psychiatric* ; Human Rights* ; Humans* ; Mental Health ; Psychiatric Aides* ; Social Distance*

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Effects of Ego-resilience Interventions among Children and Adolescents in Korea: A Meta-analysis.

Sun A JUNG ; Kowoon LEE

Journal of Korean Academy of Psychiatric and Mental Health Nursing.2016;25(3):237-248. doi:10.12934/jkpmhn.2016.25.3.237

PURPOSE: This study was a meta-analysis planned to exam effects of ego-resilience interventions among children and adolescents in Korea. METHODS: Search for relevant articles included several electronic databases and hand-search from article references. Thirteen studies met inclusion criteria from 1,638 studies. Comprehensive Meta-Analysis (version 3) and Review Manager (version 5) were used to analyze effect sizes, investigate possible causes of heterogeneity and check publication bias with a funnel plot and its trim-and-fill analysis. RESULTS: Overall effect size of ego-resilience interventions were medium (Hedges'g=0.66) and medium heterogeneity (I²=54%). Subgroup analysis was performed to estimate causes of heterogeneity. The effect size for normal populations (g=0.70) was larger than for risk populations (g=0.64). Interventions for primary school students (g=0.74) were more effective than interventions for adolescents (g=0.51). Interventions in the community (g=0.72) shown larger effect size than intervention at school (g=0.51). Art therapy (g=0.79) had a better effect than cognitive behavior therapy (g=0.62). Interventions with over 1,000 minutes (g=1.10) and intervention with over 11 sessions (g=1.40) were effective. This study found no significant publication bias. CONCLUSION: Based on current findings, there is obvious evidence that ego-resilience interventions have significant effects in improving ego-resilience among children and adolescents in Korea.
Adolescent* ; Art Therapy ; Child* ; Cognitive Therapy ; Humans ; Korea* ; Population Characteristics ; Publication Bias

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Factors Influencing Recognition of Motivation for Change in Pathological Gamblers.

Jung Ah HONG

Journal of Korean Academy of Psychiatric and Mental Health Nursing.2016;25(3):227-236. doi:10.12934/jkpmhn.2016.25.3.227

PURPOSE: This study was done to identify levels of recognition of motivation for change, gambling severity, depression, and gambling urge and to identify factors influencing recognition of motivation for change in pathological gamblers. METHODS: A cross-sectional survey design was used. Participants in the survey for this study were 163 pathological gamblers from gambling counseling G center in Gyeonggi province. Data were collected from January, 2014 to February, 2015 using self-report structured questionnaires. Data were analyzed using t-test, ANOVA, Pearson correlation coefficients and Stepwise regression with SPSS 19.0 program. RESULTS: Gambling severity (p<.001), depression (p=.025) and recognition of motivation for change showed strong correlations. Gambling severity and type of housing tenure were identified as factors influencing recognition of motivation for change in pathological gamblers. These variables explained 31% of recognition of motivation for change. CONCLUSION: Findings from this study indicate that these variables should be considered in developing nursing intervention programs to improve motivation for change in pathological gamblers.
Counseling ; Cross-Sectional Studies ; Depression ; Gambling ; Gyeonggi-do ; Housing ; Motivation* ; Nursing

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Mindfulness-based Stress Reduction Program for Psychiatric Inpatients.

Hye Min HONG ; Sun Joo JANG

Journal of Korean Academy of Psychiatric and Mental Health Nursing.2017;26(3):271-279. doi:10.12934/jkpmhn.2017.26.3.271

PURPOSE: The purpose of this research was to examine the effects of a Mindfulness-based Stress Reduction (MBSR) program on stress response and power in psychiatric inpatients in a closed ward. METHODS: For this study a quasi-experiment design was used to examine the effects of the intervention. The MBSR program conducted in this study was a six-session program, in which participants were asked to meditate for 45 minutes twice a week for 3 weeks. Homogeneity between the experimental and control group was assessed using χ² test, t-test, and Fisher's exact test. The results of the assessment showed that the variances of the two groups were equal. Demographic variables of the study participants were analyzed using descriptive statistics. The study hypotheses were verified using t-test. Cronbach's α was measured to assess the reliability of each test. RESULTS: Compared with the control group, patients in the experimental group showed significant improvement in scores for stress response (t=3.62, p=.001) and power (t=-3.42, p=.001). CONCLUSION: These results suggest that the mindfulness meditation program can be used as a psychosocial rehabilitation intervention for psychiatric inpatients by capitalizing on its positive effects on emotional reactivity and behavioral regulation.
Humans ; Inpatients* ; Meditation ; Mindfulness ; Psychiatric Nursing ; Psychiatric Rehabilitation

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Hope Enhancement Program for Increased Hope, Self-Efficacy, and Quality of Life for Mentally Ill Persons in Day Hospitals.

Ju Hyun PARK ; Hyun Sook PARK

Journal of Korean Academy of Psychiatric and Mental Health Nursing.2017;26(3):260-270. doi:10.12934/jkpmhn.2017.26.3.260

PURPOSE: In this study an investigation was done of the effects of a hope enhancement program on hope, self-efficacy, and quality of life for mentally ill persons in day hospitals. METHODS: Research design was a non-equivalent control group pre-post test design as a quasi-experimental study. The participants were selected from mentally ill persons at A day hospital and B day hospital in D city. They were 36 participants (18 in the experimental group and 18 in the control group). The study was conducted from March 17 to April 8, 2014. Data were analyzed using χ² test, Fisher's exact test, t-test, and independent sample t-test with IBM SPSS/WIN 19.0 Program. RESULTS: Participants in the hope enhancement program reported increased hope and higher quality of life scores, which were significantly different from those in the control group. Participants in the hope enhancement program also reported increased self-efficacy but it was not significantly different compared to the control group. CONCLUSION: Findings show that the hope enhancement program is effective in hope and quality of life for mentally ill persons in day hospitals. Therefore, use of the hope enhancement program will contribute as a meaningful nursing intervention for mentally ill persons in day hospitals.
Evaluation Studies as Topic ; Hope* ; Humans ; Mentally Ill Persons* ; Non-Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic ; Nursing ; Quality of Life* ; Research Design

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Mediating Effects of Cognitive Emotion Regulation on Influences of Self-differentiation and Family Function in High School Students' Problem Behavior.

Jin Joo CHANG ; Sung Hee SHIN

Journal of Korean Academy of Psychiatric and Mental Health Nursing.2017;26(3):248-259. doi:10.12934/jkpmhn.2017.26.3.248

PURPOSE: This study was done to investigate the mediation effects of cognitive emotion regulation on influences of self-differentiation and family function in high school students' problem behavior. METHODS: Study design was a cross-sectional descriptive analysis of causal research. A survey was conducted with 194 students in a C city high school. Data were analyzed using SPSS 21.0 and AMOS 21.0. RESULTS: There were direct effects of self-differentiation (β= -.39, p<.001), adaptive cognitive emotion regulation strategies (β=-.16, p=.004) and maladaptive cognitive emotion regulation strategies (β=.34, p<.001) on problem behavior in these students. A mediator effect was found for self-differentiation, as it had a direct impact on the maladaptive cognitive emotion regulation strategy (β=-.15, p=.014), which then had a direct impact on problem behavior. However, family function had no direct impact on both the maladaptive cognitive emotion regulation strategy and the adaptive cognitive emotion regulation strategy and on problem behavior, no mediator effect was observed. Explanatory power of these variables for problem behavior was 48.0%. CONCLUSION: Study findings suggest that to intervene for problem behavior in high school students, there is a need to develop and utilize programs that not only intervene for self-differentiation but also decrease high school students' use of non-adaptive cognitive emotion regulation.
Humans ; Negotiating* ; Problem Behavior*

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Overcoming Internalized Stigma in Persons with Psychiatric Disabilities.

Mi Young KIM ; Seong Sook JUN ; Eun Kyung BYUN

Journal of Korean Academy of Psychiatric and Mental Health Nursing.2017;26(3):238-247. doi:10.12934/jkpmhn.2017.26.3.238

PURPOSE: This phenomenological study was done to identify comprehensively and in depth the experience of overcoming internalized stigma in persons with psychiatric disabilities. METHODS: Data were collected from December 2015 to June 2016 with 10 persons who had psychiatric disabilities. The participants took part in interviews on their experiences of overcoming stigma. The collected data were analyzed using Colaizzi method. RESULTS: From the raw data obtained from the study participants, 12 themes and 5 theme clusters were identified. The 5 theme clusters were found to be ‘being locked up in one's own stigma’, ‘trying to escape from the self in constraints’, ‘overcoming oneself by oneself’, ‘getting to see the true self’, and ‘living the life desired’. CONCLUSION: Study findings indicate the necessity of developing a mediation program to reduce and overcome the internalized stigma in the persons with psychiatric disabilities. A national and social effort is necessary for persons with psychiatric disabilities to help them overcome the internalized stigma.
Humans ; Mentally Disabled Persons ; Methods ; Negotiating ; Qualitative Research ; Social Stigma ; United Nations

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Effects of Family Burden, Resilience and Spiritual Well-being on the Quality of Life of Primary Caregivers of People with Mental Illness.

Hyun Mee JOE ; Eun Joung CHOI

Journal of Korean Academy of Psychiatric and Mental Health Nursing.2017;26(3):226-237. doi:10.12934/jkpmhn.2017.26.3.226

PURPOSE: This study was done to identify family burden, resilience, spiritual well-being and quality of life of primary caregivers of people with mental illness. METHODS: Participants were 160 primary caregivers of people with mental illness being treated at one of three mental health clinics in Busan. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics, t-test, ANOVA, Scheffe test, Pearson's correlation coefficients and stepwise multiple regression. RESULTS: Quality of life was positively correlated with resilience (r=.55, p=.006), spiritual well-being (r=.41, p<.001), and negatively correlated with family burden (r=-.28, p<.001). Factors influencing quality of life were resilience (β=.36), family monthly income (β=.24), support from others (β=.20) and education (β=.18). The explanatory power of these factors for quality of life of primary caregivers of people with mental illness was 45%. CONCLUSION: Findings indicate that resilience is the most important factor affecting quality of life of primary caregivers of people with mental illness. Therefore, the development of nursing interventions to improve resilience and enhance the quality of life of primary caregivers is necessary.
Busan ; Caregivers* ; Education ; Humans ; Mental Health ; Nursing ; Quality of Life*

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Comparisons of Clinical Practicum Stress, Depression, and Self-Efficacy among Nursing Students: Focusing on Type D Personality and non-Type D Personality.

Mi Hyeon SEONG ; Ok Sun KIM ; Youn Ok JUNG ; Sohyune SOK

Journal of Korean Academy of Psychiatric and Mental Health Nursing.2017;26(3):217-225. doi:10.12934/jkpmhn.2017.26.3.217

PURPOSE: The purpose of study was to examine and compare the clinical practicum stress, depression, and self-efficacy between Type D and non-Type D personality among nursing students. METHODS: This study used a descriptive correlational survey design. Subjects included a total of 120 nursing students (Type D personality: n=60, non-Type D personality: n=60) in Seoul, Korea. The collected data were analyzed using a descriptive statistics, χ² test, Fisher's exact test, independent t-test, ANCOVA, and Scheffe test as a post hoc test with SPSS/WIN 21.0 program. RESULTS: There were significant differences on clinical practicum stress (t=2.81, p=.029), depression (t=6.67, p<.001), and self-efficacy (t=9.84. p<.001) between non-Type D and Type D personality among nursing students. CONCLUSION: Type D personality in nursing students had higher clinical practicum stress and depression than them of non-Type D personality in nursing students. Nursing interventions or strategies for Type D personality in nursing students are needed to decrease clinical practicum stress and depression.
Depression* ; Humans ; Korea ; Nursing* ; Preceptorship* ; Seoul ; Students, Nursing* ; Type D Personality*

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