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Mental Distress of Children in Kirogi Families.

Sung Hee SHIN ; Heeseung CHOI ; Mi Ja KIM

Journal of Korean Academy of Psychiatric and Mental Health Nursing.2014;23(4):208-216. doi:10.12934/jkpmhn.2014.23.4.208

PURPOSE: The specific aims of the present study were to compare Kirogi children's mental distress and psychosocial factors between short-term (ST) and long-term groups (LT), and to identify predictors of mental distress in the two groups. METHODS: A sample of 107 Kirogi children living in the U.S. participated in this cross-sectional study and completed the following questionnaires: Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression Scale, State-Trait Anxiety Inventory for Children, Somatic Symptom Scale, Self-Esteem Scale, Parent-Child (P-C) Relationship Satisfaction Scale, Parent-Adolescent Communication Inventory Social, Attitudinal, Familial, and Environmental Scale, and Social Support Scale. RESULTS: The LT group reported higher scores on depression and anxiety, and lower scores on self-esteem and P-C relationship than the ST group. Higher scores on somatic symptoms were found in the ST group. Problematic mother-child communication and dissatisfaction with father-child relationship were significant predictors for mental distress. Self-esteem predicted depression and anxiety in the ST group; particularly self-esteem was a significant predictor for anxiety in both groups. Discrimination and process-oriented stress were significant predictors for depression and anxiety in the ST group. CONCLUSION: Results of the present study reveal the needs for school-based mental health programs for the increasing number of Kirogi children vulnerable to mental distress.
Adolescent ; Anxiety ; Anxiety Disorders ; Child* ; Cross-Sectional Studies ; Depression ; Discrimination (Psychology) ; Father-Child Relations ; Humans ; Mental Health ; Parent-Child Relations ; Psychology ; Surveys and Questionnaires

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Development of Expert Competency Model for Preventing Adolescent Addictive Behavior and Educational Needs of Psychiatric Mental Health Nurses.

Hyun Sook PARK ; Sun Young JUNG

Journal of Korean Academy of Psychiatric and Mental Health Nursing.2014;23(4):199-207. doi:10.12934/jkpmhn.2014.23.4.199

PURPOSE: This study was conducted to develop an expert competency model for preventing adolescent addictive behavior and to analyze educational needs of psychiatric mental health nurses in Korea. METHODS: The process involved competency modeling using to the expert's delphi construction and analyzing validity using to the development of the expert competency scale. Participants were 441 experts and 137 psychiatric mental health nurses in 2 cities. RESULTS: The expert competency model for preventing adolescent addictive behavior included positive self-worth, capability of adolescents comprehension, environment comprehension capability of adolescent, capability of inner motivation, perception of personal competency, communication skills with adolescent, addiction comprehension capability, and addiction management skills. The developed expert competency scale demonstrates good reliability and validity. Psychiatric mental health nurses' highest educational needs from expert competency scale were addiction management skills and communication skills with adolescents. CONCLUSION: The study findings indicate that the expert competency model for preventing adolescent addictive behavior has good validity and reliability when applied to adolescents. It provides the first step toward developing an education program or guidelines for experts including psychiatric mental health nurses.
Adolescent* ; Behavior, Addictive* ; Comprehension ; Education ; Humans ; Korea ; Mental Health* ; Motivation ; Reproducibility of Results

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Relationships among Gratitude, Depression, and Psychological Well-being in Clinical Nurses.

Won Hee JUN ; Eun Seon LEE ; Kee Lyong LEE

Journal of Korean Academy of Psychiatric and Mental Health Nursing.2015;24(2):136-144. doi:10.12934/jkpmhn.2015.24.2.136

PURPOSE: This study was conducted to investigate the relations among gratitude, depression, and psychological well-being among clinical nurses. METHODS: The participants were 411 clinical nurses, working in U city. Data were collected during the four months, April to June, 2012. Data were analyzed using descriptive analysis, t-test, ANOVA, Pearson correlation coefficients and multiple regression with the SPSS/WIN 20.0 program. RESULTS: The mean scores for gratitude and psychological well-being were above average. The mean score for depression presented a probable depression level. Psychological well-being in clinical nurses was significantly correlated with gratitude (r=.55, p<.001) and depression (r=-.62, p<.001). The significant predictors of psychological well-being for clinical nurses were depression (beta=-.47, p<.001) and gratitude (beta=.34, p<.001), which explained 48.0% of the variance in psychological well-being. CONCLUSION: The results indicate that it is necessary to develop depression reduction and gratitude enhancement programs to improve the psychological well-being of clinical nurses.
Depression*

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Impact of Perceived Parenting Styles on Depression and Smartphone Addition in College Students.

Tae Jung YOO ; Suk Sun KIM

Journal of Korean Academy of Psychiatric and Mental Health Nursing.2015;24(2):127-135. doi:10.12934/jkpmhn.2015.24.2.127

PURPOSE: The purposes of this study were to examine differences in depression and smartphone addiction among four styles of perceived parenting, and determine whether the perceptions of paternal and maternal parenting are associated with depression and smartphone addiction among college students. METHODS: A cross-sectional descriptive correlational design was used. A convenience sample of 378 undergraduate students responded to the survey. Data were analyzed using ANOVA, Pearson correlation, and multiple regression with IBM SPSS statistics version 21. RESULTS: Levels of depression and smartphone addiction were significantly different according to the four styles of perceived parenting (optimal parenting, affectionate constraint parenting, affectionless control parenting, and neglectful parenting). Scores of depression and smartphone addiction in the group with perceived affectionless control parenting were higher than those in the other groups. In a regression model, maternal care and paternal overprotection were significantly associated with depression. Also, maternal overprotection was the only significant predictor of smartphone addiction. CONCLUSION: These results suggest that students who perceive that both fathers and mothers are low in care, warmth, and support; but high in overprotection, control and intrusiveness are vulnerable to depression and smartphone addiction. Targeted interventions to change and reframe students' perception of paternal and maternal parenting in a positive way may reduce their depression and smartphone addiction.
Smartphone ; Depression* ; Fathers ; Humans ; Mothers ; Parenting* ; Parents* ; Young Adult

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Effects of Enneagram Program for Self-esteem, Interpersonal Relationships, and GAF in Psychiatric Patients.

Mi Jung KANG

Journal of Korean Academy of Psychiatric and Mental Health Nursing.2015;24(2):116-126. doi:10.12934/jkpmhn.2015.24.2.116

PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to develop an enneagram program and to investigate the effects of the enneagram program on self-esteem, interpersonal relationship and GAF(Global assessment of Functioning Scale) in psychiatric patients. METHODS: A nonequivalent control group pre-post test design was used. Participants were 46 psychiatric patients. Participants were assigned to the experimental group(n=21) or control group(n=25). The experimental group participated in the enneagram program for 12 hours through eight sessions. The control group(n=25) received a routine nursing activity program. RESULTS: The experimental group that participated in the enneagram program showed higher scores for self-esteem(t=3.73, p=.001), interpersonal relationship(t=2.63, p=.012) and GAF(t=2.43, p=.019) compared to the control group. CONCLUSION: The results indicate that an enneagram program for psychiatric patients is effective in improving self-esteem, interpersonal relationship and overall functioning skills. Therefore, it is suggested that an active use of this enneagram program as a nursing intervention for psychiatric patients would be beneficial.
Evaluation Studies as Topic ; Humans ; Nursing

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Attitudes of Elementary School Teachers toward Mental Illness.

Goya CHOI ; Eun Joung CHOI

Journal of Korean Academy of Psychiatric and Mental Health Nursing.2015;24(2):107-115. doi:10.12934/jkpmhn.2015.24.2.107

PURPOSE: This study is done to investigate the attitudes of teachers toward mental illness and to provide appropriate information about mental illness. METHODS: The participants were 228 teachers recruited from 15 elementary schools in the National Capital region and B metropolitan city. Data were collected from October to December, 2013 and analyzed using t-test, ANOVA and Scheffee test with SPSS 18.0. RESULTS: Neutral attitudes (77.4+/-7.79) toward mental illness were shown among the teachers. A negative attitude for stereotyping (23.2+/-6.08), a positive attitude for optimism (19.3+/-3.01) and neutral attitudes for coping (19.3+/-1.92) and understanding (15.6 +/-3.05) were revealed. CONCLUSION: The results indicate that elementary school teachers have neutral attitudes towards mental illness which is closely related to the experience of learning about mental illness. Thus, when teachers learn about mental illness they can understand and guide children who have unusual behaviors.
Child ; Humans ; Learning ; Mentally Ill Persons ; Stereotyping

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A Content Analysis of Psychiatric-Mental Health Nurses' Experience of Using Humor.

Ji Min SEO ; Hyunjoo NA

Journal of Korean Academy of Psychiatric and Mental Health Nursing.2015;24(2):93-106. doi:10.12934/jkpmhn.2015.24.2.93

PURPOSE: The study was conducted to explore experience of using humor among psychiatric-mental health nurses. METHODS: Semi-structured in-depth interviews were used to collect data from 30 nurses working in community mental health centers or psychiatric wards. Data were categorized and coded using content analysis. RESULTS: The findings confirm that 11 categories, 43 sub-categories, and 104 statements were drawn from 4 domains. The four domains included effectiveness of humor, effective use of humor, ineffective use of humor, and barriers and promotive strategies to the use of humor. Nurses experienced positive and negative effects of humor. Popular fad words, jokes, imitation, and compliments were identified as effective types of humor. Discounting humor and belittling humor were identified as ineffective types of humor. Effective humor was humor that was used after establishing a trust relationship and when the patient's mental status was stable. Barriers to using humor were heavy workload, nurses' careful character, and nurses' concern about patients' responses. CONCLUSION: Nurses should assess the nurse-patient relationship and patients' mental status when they plan to use humor. In addition, hiring more nurses and providing education about humor are suggested to improve sense of humor and recognize the effectiveness of humor.
Community Mental Health Centers ; Education ; Flavin-Adenine Dinucleotide ; Mental Health ; Psychiatric Nursing

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Nurses' Perceptions of Patient Safety Culture and Patient Safety Activities in Mental Health Hospitals.

So Young KIM ; Kyunghee LEE

Journal of Korean Academy of Psychiatric and Mental Health Nursing.2015;24(2):82-92. doi:10.12934/jkpmhn.2015.24.2.82

PURPOSE: This study was done to provide a basis for safer medical services by describing nurses' perception of patient safety culture and patient safety activities, and analyzing factors that affect patient safety management activities among nurses working in mental health hospitals. METHODS: The study participants included 208 nurses with three months or more experience and who worked in one of 14 mental health hospitals. The instruments were the Hospital Survey on Patient Safety Culture and Patient Safety Management Activities Scale. Collected data were analyzed using mean, t-test, ANOVA, Pearson correlation coefficient and Stepwise multiple regression with the SPSS/WIN 20.0 program. RESULTS: Perceptions of patient safety culture and patient safety management activities were positively correlated. Factors influencing patient safety management activities were communication and procedures, patient safety in the field, frequency of events reported and attitude of supervisor/manager. The explanatory power for patient safety management activities of these variables was 35.0%. CONCLUSION: A systematic approach at the hospital level is needed to ensure the safety of nurses' work environment as well as to develop patient safety culture to increase patient safety management activities by nurses in mental health hospitals.
Mental Health Services ; Mental Health* ; Patient Safety* ; Safety Management

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Effects of a Program to Enhance Ego-development on General Mental Health, Self-concept, and Depression in Elementary and Middle School Students from Low Income Families.

Kyung Mi SUNG

Journal of Korean Academy of Psychiatric and Mental Health Nursing.2015;24(2):73-81. doi:10.12934/jkpmhn.2015.24.2.73

PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of a program to enhance ego-development for elementary and middle school students from low income families. METHODS: The study was a pretest-posttest design with a nonequivalent control group. The participants were 84 students who were admitted to after-school programs in three youth centers. Data were collected using questionnaires and analyzed using descriptive statistics, chi2-test, and t-test. RESULTS: Students who were in the intervention group (n=43) showed improvements from baseline to 10 weeks in aspects of general mental health, self-concept, and depression. CONCLUSION: The results of this study indicate that the ego-development enhancing program positively affects the mental health of students from low income families.
Adolescent ; Depression* ; Humans ; Mental Health* ; Surveys and Questionnaires

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The Effects of a Parental Education Program based on Satir Transformational Systemic Therapy Model for Preschoolers' Mothers.

Seung Hee SEO ; Soo Jin KIM

Journal of Korean Academy of Psychiatric and Mental Health Nursing.2015;24(4):330-341. doi:10.12934/jkpmhn.2015.24.4.330

PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to examine the effects of a parental education program based on the Satir transformational systemic therapy model on self-esteem, congruence, parent-child communication, and parenting sense of competence of the preschoolers' mothers. METHODS: Non-equivalent control group pretest and posttest design was used. The participants were 36 (experimental group 18, control group 18) preschoolers' mothers who volunteered from kindergartens and children's homes. The treatment for this study was based on Satir's systemic training program for parenting skills. Data were analyzed using percentage, chi2-test, t-test and t-test with SPSS 21.0 Version. RESULTS: Statistically, there were significant increase in self-esteem, congruence, parent-child communication, and parenting sense of competence in the experimental group compared to the control group. CONCLUSION: Findings suggested that parental education program based on the Satir transformational systemic therapy model can be used by preschoolers' mothers for effective psychiatric nursing interventions in parenting and preschoolers' mental health promotion.
Education* ; Humans ; Mental Competency ; Mental Health ; Mothers* ; Parenting ; Parents* ; Psychiatric Nursing

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