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Evaluation of retrievability using a new soft resin based root canal filling material.

Su Jung SHIN ; Yoon LEE ; Jeong Won PARK

Journal of Korean Academy of Conservative Dentistry.2006;31(4):323-329. doi:10.5395/JKACD.2006.31.4.323

The aim of this study was to evaluate the retrievability of Resilon as a root canal filling material. Twenty-seven human single-rooted extracted teeth were instrumented utilizing a crown down technique with Gates-Glidden burs and ProFile system. In group1 (n = 12) canals were obturated with gutta percha and AH-26 plus sealer using a continuous wave technique and backfilled. In group 2 (n = 15) Resilon was used as a filling material. Then teeth were sealed and kept in 37degrees C and 100% humidity for 7 days. For retreatment, the samples were re-accessed and filling material was removed using Gates-Glidden burs and ProFiles. Teeth were sectioned longitudinally to compare the general cleanliness and amount of debris (x 75) using SEM. Chi-square test was used (alpha = 0.05) to analyze the data. The total time required for removal of filling materials was expressed as mean +/- SD (min) and analyzed by the Student t-test (alpha = 0.05). Required time for retreatment was 3.25 +/- 0.32 minutes for gutta percha/AH 26 plus sealer and 3.05 +/- 0.34 minutes for Resilon. There was no statistically significant difference between the two experimental groups. There was no significant difference between the groups in the cleanliness of the root canal wall. This study showed that Resilon was effectively removed by Gates-Glidden burs and ProFiles.
Crowns ; Dental Pulp Cavity* ; Gutta-Percha ; Humans ; Humidity ; Microscopy, Electron, Scanning ; Retreatment ; Tooth

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Influence of the Surface roughness on translucency and surface color of the dental composite resins.

Kyu Jeong CHO ; Su Jung PARK ; Hyun Gu CHO ; Dong Jun KIM ; Yun Chan HWANG ; Won Mann OH ; In Nam HWANG

Journal of Korean Academy of Conservative Dentistry.2006;31(4):312-322. doi:10.5395/JKACD.2006.31.4.312

The objectives of this study were to evaluate the effect of surface roughness on the surface color and translucency of the composite resins. Two composite resins (Esthet-X, Dentsply, Milford, USA and Charisma, Kulzer, Domagen, Germany) were used to investigate the surface color. Charisma was used to investigate the translucency. 40 disc samples (diameter: 8 mm, thickness: 5 mm) were made by each product to measure the surface color. Polymerized each sample's one side was treated by Sof-Lex finishing and polishing system (Group C, M, F, SF). 40 disc samples (diameter: 6 mm, thickness: 1 mm) were prepared to measure the opacity. 1 mm samples were ground one side with #600, #1000, #1500 and #2000 sandpapers. CIE L*a*b* values of each 5 mm thickness samples, and XYZ values of 1 mm thickness samples on the white and black background were measured with spectrophotometer (Spectrolino, GretagMacbeth, Regensdorf, Switzerland). Mean surface roughness (Ra) of all samples before and after surface treatment was measured using the Surface Roughness Tester SJ-301 (Mytutoyo, Tokyo, Japan). Regardless of type and shade of the composite resin, L* values measured in group C were higher than others (p < 0.05), and L* value decreased as the Ra value decreased except B3 shade of Esthet-X. But there were no significant difference in a* values among groups. In control group and SF, highest b* values were measured (p < 0.05), except B1 shade of Esthet-X. Contrast ratio decreased as the Ra value decreased (p < 0.05). With the above results, difference of surface roughness has influence on surface color and translucency of dental composite resins.
Composite Resins* ; Polymers

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Prospective clinical evaluation of three different bonding systems in class V resin restorations with or without mechanical retention.

Kyung Wook LEE ; Sae Joon CHOUNG ; Young Chul HAN ; Ho Hyun SON ; Chung Moon UM ; Myoung Hwan OH ; Byeong Hoon CHO

Journal of Korean Academy of Conservative Dentistry.2006;31(4):300-311. doi:10.5395/JKACD.2006.31.4.300

The purpose of this study is to evaluate prospectively the effect of different bonding systems and retention grooves on the clinical performance of resin restorations in non-carious cervical lesions (NCCLs). Thirty-nine healthy adults who had at least 2 NCCLs in their premolar areas were included in this study. One hundred and fifty teeth were equally assigned to six groups: (A) Scotchbond Multi-Purpose (SBMP, 3M ESPE, St. Paul, MN, USA, 4th generation bonding system) without retention grooves; (B) SBMP with retention grooves; (C) BC Plus (Vericom Co., Anyang, Gyeonggido, Korea, 5th generation bonding system) without retention grooves; (D) BC Plus with retention grooves; (E) Adper Prompt (3M ESPE, Seefeld, Germany, 6th generation bonding system) without retention grooves; (F) Adper Prompt with retention grooves. All cavities were filled with a hybrid composite resin, Denfil (Vericom Co., Anyang, Gyeonggido, Korea) by one operator. Restorations were evaluated at baseline and at 6-month recall, according to the modified USPHS (United States Public Health Service) criteria. Additionally, clinical photographs were taken and epoxy resin replicas were made for SEM evaluation. At 6-month recall, there were some differences in the number of alpha ratings among the experimental groups. But, despite the differences in the number of alpha ratings, there was no significant difference among the 3 adhesive systems (p > 0.05). There was also no significant difference between the groups with or without mechanical retention (p > 0.05). Follow-ups for longer periods than 6 months are needed to verify the clinical performance of different bonding systems and retention grooves.
Adhesives ; Adult ; Bicuspid ; Follow-Up Studies ; Germany ; Gyeonggi-do ; Humans ; Korea ; Prospective Studies* ; Public Health ; Tooth ; United States Public Health Service

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The effect of ethylene glycol analogs on mechanical properties of moist demineralized dentin matrix.

Kyung Ha LEE ; Young Gon CHO ; Kwang Won LEE

Journal of Korean Academy of Conservative Dentistry.2006;31(4):290-299. doi:10.5395/JKACD.2006.31.4.290

OBJECTIVES: The purpose of this study is to evaluate the effect of ethylene glycol analogs on modulus of elasticity and ultimate tensile strength of moist, demineralized dentin matrix. METHODS: Dentin disks 0.5 mm thick were prepared from mid-coronal dentin of extracted, unerupted, human third molars. "I" beam and hour-glass shaped specimens were prepared from the disks, the ends protected with nail varnish and the central regions completely demineralized in 0.5M EDTA for 5 days. Ultimate tensile stress (UTS) and low strain modulus of elasticity (E) were determined with specimens immersed for 60 min in distilled water (H2O), ethylene glycol (HO-CH2-CH2-OH), 2-methoxyethanol (H3CO-CH2-CH2-OH), and 1,2-dimethoxyethane (H3CO-CH2-CH3-OCH3) prior to testing in those same media. Modulus of elasticity was measured on the same specimens in a repeated measures experimental design. The results were analyzed with a one-way ANOVA on ranks, followed by Dunn's test at alpha = 0.05. Regression analysis examined the relationship between UTS or E and hoy's solubility parameter for hydrogen bonding (delta(h)) of each solvent. RESULTS: The UTS of demineralized dentin in water, ethylene glycol, 2-methoxyethanol, and 1,2-dimethoxyethane was 24 (3), 30 (5), 37 (6), and 45 (6) MPa, x (SD) N = 10. Low strain E for the same media were 16 (13), 23 (14), 52 (24), and 62 (22) MPa. Regression analysis of UTS vs delta(h) revealed a significant (p < 0.0001, r = -0.99, R2 = 0.98) inverse, exponential relationship. A similar inverse relationship was obtained between low strain E vs delta(h) (p < 0.0005, r = -0.93, R2 = 0.86). SIGNIFICANCE: The tensile properties of demineralized dentin are dependent upon the hydrogen bonding ability of polar solvents (delta(h)). Solvents with low delta(h) values may permit new interpeptide H-bonding in collagen that increases its tensile properties. Solvents with high delta(h) values prevent the development of these new interpeptide H-bonds.
Collagen ; Dentin* ; Edetic Acid ; Elastic Modulus ; Ethylene Glycol* ; Humans ; Hydrogen Bonding ; Molar, Third ; Paint ; Research Design ; Solubility ; Solvents ; Sprains and Strains ; Tensile Strength ; Water

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Effect of resin sealants on the reduction of microleakage in composite restorations.

Young Gon CHO ; Mun Hong KIM ; Myung Goo LEE

Journal of Korean Academy of Conservative Dentistry.2006;31(4):282-289. doi:10.5395/JKACD.2006.31.4.282

The purpose of this study was to compare the ability of three resin surface sealants to prevent microleakage in Class V composite resin restorations. Forty Class V cavities with the occlusal margin in enamel and gingival margin in dentin were prepared on the buccal surfaces of sound extracted molars, and restored with composite resin. Restorations were randomly assigned into one of four equal groups (n = 10): a control group, without resin sealing, and three experimental groups in which margins were sealed with Fortify Plus, Biscover and Permaseal, respectively. Specimens were thermocycled, immersed in a 2% methylene blue solution for 4 hours, sectioned longitudinally, and observed the leakage at the occlusal and gingival margins. The result was analyzed using Kruskal-Wallis test, Mann-Whitney test and Wilcoxon signed rank test. In conclusion, the ability to reduce microleakage at occlusal margins was similar in all of three sealants. However at gingival margin, it depended on the type of used resin surface sealant. At gingival margin, control and Fortify Plus group showed statistically higher microleakage than PermaSeal group, and Fortify Plus group also showed higher microleakage than BisCover group (p < 0.05).
Dental Enamel ; Dentin ; Methylene Blue ; Molar

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A clinical evaluation of a bleaching strip containing 2.9% hydrogen peroxide.

Eun Sook PARK ; So Rae SEONG ; Seong Tae HONG ; Ji Eun KIM ; So Young LEE ; Soo Youn HWANG ; Shin Jae LEE ; Bo Hyoung JIN ; Ho Hyun SON ; Byeong Hoon CHO

Journal of Korean Academy of Conservative Dentistry.2006;31(4):269-281. doi:10.5395/JKACD.2006.31.4.269

This study evaluated the effectiveness and safety of an experimental bleaching strip (Medison dental whitening strip, Samsung medical Co., Anyang, Korea) containing 2.9% hydrogen peroxide. Twenty-three volunteers used the bleaching strips for one and a half hour daily for 2 weeks. As control group, the same strips in which hydrogen peroxide was not included were used by 24 volunteers with the same protocol. The shade change (DeltaE*, color difference) of twelve anterior teeth was measured using Shade Vision (X-Rite Inc., S.W. Grandville, MI, USA), Chroma Meter (Minolta Co., Ltd. Osaka, Japan) and Vitapan classical shade guide (Vita Zahnfabrik, Germany). The shade change of overall teeth in the experimental group was significantly greater than that in the control group (p < 0.05) and was easily perceivable. The change resulted from the increase of lightness (CIE L* value) and the decrease of redness (CIE a* value) and yellowness (CIE b* value). The shade change of individual tooth was greatest in canine, and smallest in central incisor. The safety of the bleaching strip was also confirmed.
Gyeonggi-do ; Hydrogen Peroxide* ; Hydrogen* ; Incisor ; Tooth ; Volunteers

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Influence of additional etching on shear bond strength of self-etching adhesive system to enamel.

Sun Jin YOO ; Young Kyung KIM ; Jeong Won PARK ; Myoung Uk JIN ; Sung Kyo KIM

Journal of Korean Academy of Conservative Dentistry.2006;31(4):263-268. doi:10.5395/JKACD.2006.31.4.263

Recently, self-etching adhesive system has been introduced to simplify the clinical bonding procedures. It is less acidic compared to the phosphoric acid, thus there is doubt whether this system has enough bond strength to enamel. The purpose of this study was to investigate the influence of additional etching on the adhesion of resin composite to enamel. Ninety extracted bovine permanent anterior teeth were used. The labial surfaces of the crown were ground with 600-grit abrasive paper under wet condition. The teeth were randomly divided into six groups of 15 teeth each. Clearfil SE Bond(R), Adper(TM) Prompt L-Pop and Tyrian SPE(TM) were used as self-etching primers. Each self-etching primers were applied in both enamel specimens with and without additional etching. For additional etching groups, enamel surface was pretreated with 32% phosphoric acid (UNI-ETCH, Bisco, Inc., Schaumburg, IL, USA). Hybrid resin composite Clearfil AP-X, (Kuraray Co., Ltd., Osaka, Japan) was packed into the mold and light-cured for 40 seconds. Twenty-four hours after storage, the specimens were tested in shear bond strength. The data for each group were subjected to independent t - test at p < 0.01 to make comparisons among the groups. In Clearfil SE Bond(R), shear bond strength of additional etching group was higher than no additional etching group (p < 0.01). In Adper(TM) Prompt L-Pop and Tyrian SPE, there were no significant difference between additional etching and non-etching groups (p > 0.01). In conclusion, self-etching adhesive system with weak acid seems to have higher bond strength to enamel with additional etching, while self-etching adhesive system with strong acid seems not.
Adhesives* ; Crowns ; Dental Enamel* ; Fungi ; Tooth

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Anti-inflammatory effects of PPARgamma on human dental pulp cells.

Jeong Hee KIM

Journal of Korean Academy of Conservative Dentistry.2006;31(3):203-214. doi:10.5395/JKACD.2006.31.3.203

Dental pulp is a loose, mesenchymal tissue almost entirely enclosed in the dentin. It consists of cells, ground substance, and neural and vascular supplies. Damage to the dental pulp by mechanical, chemical, thermal, and microbial irritants can provoke various types of inflammatory response. Pulpal inflammation leads to the tissue degradation, which is mediated in part by Matrix metalloproteinase leads to accelerate extracellular matrix degradation with pathological pathway. We have now investigated the induction of MMPs and inflammatory cytokines by Lipopolysaccharide (LPS) control of inflammatory mediators by peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors (PPARs). Human dental pulp cells exposed to various concentrations of LPS (1-10 microg/ml) revealed elevated levels of MMP-2 and MMP-9 at 24 hrs of culture. LPS also stimulated the production of ICAM-1, VCAM-1, IL-1beta, and TNF-alpha. Adenovirus PPARgamma (Ad/PPARgamma) and PPARgamma agonist rosiglitazone reduced the synthesis of MMPs, adhesion molecules and pro-inflammatory cytokines. The inhibitory effect of Ad/PPARgamma was higher than that of PPARgamma agonist. These result offer new insights in regard to the anti-inflammatory potential of PPARgamma in human dental pulp cell.
Adenoviridae ; Cytokines ; Dental Pulp* ; Dentin ; Equipment and Supplies ; Extracellular Matrix ; Humans* ; Inflammation ; Intercellular Adhesion Molecule-1 ; Irritants ; Matrix Metalloproteinases ; Peroxisome Proliferator-Activated Receptors ; PPAR gamma* ; Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha ; Vascular Cell Adhesion Molecule-1

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Evaluation of periodontal ligament cell viability in rat teeth after frozen preservation using in-vivo MTT assay.

Jae Wook KIM ; Eui Sung KIM ; Jin KIM ; Seung Jong LEE

Journal of Korean Academy of Conservative Dentistry.2006;31(3):192-202. doi:10.5395/JKACD.2006.31.3.192

The purpose of this study was to examine the viability of PDL cells in rat molars by using in vivo MTT assay, which was used to compare fast cryopreservation group by liquid nitrogen (-196degrees C) with 4degrees C cold preservation group. A total of 74 Sprague-Dawley white female rats of 4 week-old with a body weight of 100 grams were used. The maxillary left and right, first and second molars were extracted as atraumatically as possible under ketamine anesthesia. Ten teeth of each group were divided as six experimental groups depending upon the preservation. Cryopreservation groups were Group 1 (5% DMSO 6% HES in F medium), Group 2 (10% DMSO in F medium), Group 3 (5% DMSO 6% HES in Viaspan(R)), Group 4 (10% DMSO in Viaspan(R)) which were cryopreserved for 1 week and cold preservation groups were Group 5 (F medium), Group 6 (Viaspan(R)) at 4degrees C for 1 week. Immediate extraction group was used as a control. After preservation and thawing, the in vivo MTT assay was processed. Two way ANOVA and Duncan's Multiple Range Test was performed at the 95% level of confidence. Another 2 teeth of each group were treated as the same manner and frozen sections 10 microm thick for microscopic observation. The value of optical density obtained after in vivo MTT analysis was divided by the value of eosin staining for tissue volume standardization. Group 1, 2 had significantly higher optical density than Group 3 and 4 which had the lowest OD value. Group 6 had higher OD value than in Group 5 (P < 0.05). Histological findings of periodontal ligament cell, after being stained with MTT solution were consistent with the in vivo MTT assay results. In this study, the groups which were frozen with DMSO as a cryoprotectant and the groups with F medium showed the best results.
Anesthesia ; Animals ; Body Weight ; Cell Survival* ; Cryopreservation ; Dimethyl Sulfoxide ; Eosine Yellowish-(YS) ; Female ; Frozen Sections ; Humans ; Ketamine ; Molar ; Nitrogen ; Periodontal Ligament* ; Rats* ; Rats, Sprague-Dawley ; Tooth*

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Effect of two different calcium hydroxide paste removal techniques on apical leakage: an electrochemical study.

Chan Je PARK ; Kyung A JEON ; Ho Beom KWON

Journal of Korean Academy of Conservative Dentistry.2006;31(3):186-191. doi:10.5395/JKACD.2006.31.3.186

This study evaluated the effect of two different calcium hydroxide (Ca(OH)2) paste removal techniques on the apical leakage of canals obturated with gutta percha cones and sealer after removing a Ca(OH)2 dressing using an electrochemical method. Seventy extracted single-rooted teeth were instrumented on with Profile rotary files under NaOCl irrigation. Fifty-eight canals were filled with calcium hydroxide paste, which was then removed using one of the following two techniques. In group A, calcium hydroxide was removed using only NaOCl irrigation, and in group B, the canals were re-prepared with a Profile rotary files-one size larger than the previous instrument and were irrigated with NaOCl. In both groups, the root surfaces were coated twice with nail varnish from CEJ to an area 4 mm away from the apex after canal obturation. Apical leakage was measured using an electrochemical method for 24 days. All the specimens showed leakage that increased markedly in the first three days. There was no significant difference between the two groups (p > 0.05). The effect of two calcium hydroxide paste removal techniques on the apical leakage was not different during a short period.
Bandages ; Calcium Hydroxide* ; Calcium* ; Gutta-Percha ; Paint ; Tooth ; Tooth Cervix

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