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Supervising Drug Resistance Status of Infections in Urinary System

Chinese Journal of Nosocomiology.2004;0(10):-.

OBJECTIVE To investigate distribution and drug resistance status of infections in urinary system and offer scientific basis for reasonable usage of antibiotics. METHODS Totally 258 isolates collected from urinary infection specimens were identified and drug susceptibility test was performed. RESULTS Escherichia coli rated the top one,73.3%.The isolates were susceptible to imipenem and amikacin.The resistant rate to other 6 antibiotics were above 50%. CONCLUSIONS The drug resistance rate of isolates collected from urinary infection specimens goes upward,so we should pay attention to.

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Infection Control During Oral Cavity Procedures:Problems and Countermeasures

Meizhen LI ; Yuqin CHEN

Chinese Journal of Nosocomiology.2009;0(23):-.

OBJECTIVE To prevent and control hospital cross-infection and hematogenous disease dissemination during oral cavity procedures.METHODS The problems that existed universally in instrument treating processes during oral cavity procedures were taken seriously.The perfect management rules and regulations were established.The instructions of technical operation were carried out strictly.We strengthened own-self occupation protection and implemented the standard prevention isolation principle.We guaranteed oral cavity synthesis method to implement,such as the instrument cleaning,disinfection,and antiseptic quality.RESULTS The hospital infection occurred in the oral cavity procedures could be reduced and avoided fundamentally through implementing infection control measure.The medical safety could be ensured.CONCLUSIONS The personnel standard diagnosing and treating operation of medical care should be established in hospital.The idea of disinfection and isolation asepsis should be enhanced.Own-self occupation protection must be required strictly.It is extremely important to control the infection during the oral cavity procedures.

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Nonfermenter Distribution and Drug-resistance Analysis in Clinical Specimens

Jianren SHEN

Chinese Journal of Nosocomiology.2006;0(12):-.

OBJECTIVE To investigate the nonfermenter distribution and drug-resistance in the clinical specimens,and instruct clinical application of antibiotics reasonably. METHODS Bacteria were cultured,isolated and identified with ATB Expression microbe identification system.Drug-resistance was detected with ATB PSE and statistically analyzed. RESULTS A total of 1 106 strains of bacteria were isolated from 7 395 specimens,the isolation rate was 14.9%.The isolation rate of Pseudomonas aeruginosa was the highest.The isolation rate of nonfermenter was the highest from sputum specimens.Nonfermenter was the most sensitive to imipenem except for Stenotrophomonas maltophilia and Chryseobacterium meningosepticum,after imipenem was cefoperazone/sulbactam. CONCLUSIONS The nonfermenter isolated from different clinical specimens and its drug-resistance are variant.To reduce the production of drug-resistance and control the nosocomical infection,the specimens must be collected and detected timely,the antibiotics are selected according to the results of susceptibility test.

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Automated Urine Analyzer for Screening Hospital Urinary Tract Infection and Its Value

Guoqiang CHEN ; Peiqiong SHEN ; Yan SHEN ; Yaxin LIU ; Jiandong LIU

Chinese Journal of Nosocomiology.2006;0(12):-.

OBJECTIVE To investigate the value of screening hospital urinary tract infection with UF-100 automated urine analyzer. METHODS It was to count the bacteria and white blood cells in 422 urine specimens with UF-100 as well as to culture the specimens quantitatively.Then the sensitivity and specificity of UF-100 counts and the correspondence of the two methods were evaluated with Yerushalmy mode. RESULTS Compared with the culture results,UF-100 showed a sensitivity of 81.5%,specificity of 63.9%,positive predictive value of 29.1%,negative predictive value of 95.0%,false positive rate of 30.5%,false negative rate of 2.8% and an accuracy of 67.2%. CONCLUSIONS The UF-100 is excellent in analyzing urine specimens,and its bacteria counts can be a valuable indicator in screening hospital urinary tract infection.

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Fluorescent Antibody Method for Detection of Helicobacter pylori in Dental Plaque and Gastric Fluid: An Evaluation

Shiying LI ; Haipu ZHANG ; Xianling WANG ; Xiaoming ZHAO ; Dongqi GAO ; Tinggui WANG

Chinese Journal of Nosocomiology.2006;0(12):-.

OBJECTIVE To screen for a simple,accurate and no-traumatic detecting method of Helicobacter pylori(Hp). METHODS Hp in gastric fluid and dental plaque was detected with fluorescent antibody method,bacterial culture,urease test and Hp diagnosis card at the same time in 62 cases with gastric and duodenal disease.The gather of gastric fluid applied the capsule method. RESULTS The detective rates of Hp in gastric fluid by four methods were 85.5%,9.7%,61.3%,and 56.5%;the detective rates of Hp in dental plaque by four methods were 88.7%,25.8%,69.4%,and 90.3%,respectively. CONCLUSIONS Fluorescent antibody method combined with capsule method detecting Hp in gastric fluid is specific,sensitive and without trauma.Thus,it is suggested to be used clinically.

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Pathogenic Bacteria Distribution and Drug Resistance of Hospital Infection in Intensive Care Unit

Yongmei YUAN ; Ping GU ; Xiaoping DING

Chinese Journal of Nosocomiology.2006;0(12):-.

OBJECTIVE To analyze the status quo of pathogenic bacteria distribution and drug resistance of hospital infection in intensive care unit,to provide evidence for the guidance of clinical rational administration and to decrease the hospital infection. METHODS Pathogenic bacteria were isolated from patients who suffered from hospital infection in intensive care unit from 2001 to 2004.K-B slip diffusion method was taken to carry out the sensitive test.Rate of drug resistance of the pathogenic bacteria was analyzed. RESULTS As the bacteria distribution,the highest isolated rate was 60.77%,which was isolated from the sample of respiratory tract.The main pathogenic bacteria were the Gram-negative bacilli(47.69%).And the second pathogenic bacteria were the mycetes(37.69%).The Gram-positive cocci(14.62%) occupied the third.The monitoring of the drug resistance showed that rate of the drug fast was rather higher.The detection rate of the meticillin-resistant staphylococci was 81.82%.The detection rate of the ESBLs from the Escherichia coli and the Klebsiella pneumoniae was 75.00% and 57.14%,respectively. CONCLUSIONS Intensive care unit is one of the highest risk departments for the hospital infection.Generally,the pathogenic bacteria are the multidrug-resistant ones.Enhanced monitoring on pathogenic bacteria distribution and drug resistance analyses of hospital infection in intensive care unit could benefit for the guide of clinical rational administration,the depression of multidrug-resistant bacteria,and the decrease in hospital infection.

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Resistance State in Beta-lactamases Producing Enterobacter cloacae in Mountain Hospital

Jun WANG ; Hua LIU ; Xuefeng ZHANG ; Zhihui YE

Chinese Journal of Nosocomiology.2006;0(12):-.

OBJECTIVE To explore occurrence, distribution,and resistance profile of ?-lactamases in clinical isolates of Enterobacter cloacae for rational use of antibiotics in clinic. METHODS Susceptibility test to 13 antibiotics was also performed through disk diffusion test.ESBLs were conformed according to NCCLS.DIDST test was adopted to detect AmpC ?-lactamases in E.cloacae isolates. RESULTS Among 78 isolates collected,13(14.9%) produced AmpC ?-lactamases,24(27.6%) produced ESBLs,10(11.5%) produced both ?-lactamases.These produced(?-lactamases) strains resisted to almost all ?-lactams,except for imipenem.The ?-lactamases producers possessed seriously multi-and cross-drug resistance. CONCLUSIONS ESBLs and AmpC ?-lactams are the main mechanism of E.cloacae resistance to antibiotic.

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Lower Respiratory Tract Infection Caused by Stenotrophomonas maltophilia and Associated Antibiotic Susceptibility Analysis

Ping WANG ; Qizhe WANG ; Lihua ZHOU

Chinese Journal of Nosocomiology.2006;0(12):-.

OBJECTIVE To study the lower respiratory tract infection caused by Stenotrophomonas maltophilia and the resistance situation. METHODS The clinical data of 79 cases of lower respiratory tract infection caused by(S.maltophilia) were analyzed and the susceptibility test was made using ATBPSE5 kits. RESULTS All patients had clinical symptoms,and the rate of empirical using of broad-spectrum antibiotics reached to 100%.In all these patients,74.68% were older than 60,and 51.90% received invasive operation such as trachea intubation or incision,and the immmunosystem function of 62.03% was compromised.All these were high risk factors resulting in the lower respiratory S.maltophilia infection.All cases showed resistance to most broad-spectrum antibiotics except ticarcillin/clavulanic acid and sulfamethoxazole/trimethoprim(Cotrimoxazole).The latter two antibiotics still showed high sensitivity to the pathogen. CONCLUSIONS It is necessary to avoid the risk factors causing nosocomial(S.maltophilia) infection.Ticarcillin/clavulanic acid and Cotrimoxazole are the first choice for clinical treatment.Using fluoroquinolone and ceftazidime simultaneously can improve the curing rate.

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Epidemiology of Drug Resistance Genotypes of Pseudomonas aeruginosa in Burn Ward

Wenping ZHUANG ; Dequan ZHU

Chinese Journal of Nosocomiology.2006;0(12):-.

OBJECTIVE To evaluate the epidemiology of Pseudomonas aeruginosa(PAE) nosocomial infection and analyze ?-lactamase in multi-resistant strains and the enzymes produced by PAE,and to detect the correlation of the PAE in patients without nosocomial infection and from the hospital environment. METHODS The strains were identified by VITEK32,dynamically the strains of multi-resistant PAE were selected with K-B susceptibility method,then the three-dimensional method,and metal-?-lactamase determined by Etest.The isolated PAE strains from the patients or the environment were analyzed according to the detected time,environmental site as which part of the patient by randomly amplified polymorphism DNA(RAPD). RESULTS Totally 352 strains of PAE were isolated from 4246 specimens,the isolated rate was 8%.Study on the drugfast pathogens and RAPD pathogens indicated that there was no obvious correlation between the PAE from inpatients and from hospital environment. CONCLUSIONS It indicates that PAE exists in the burn ward extensively and hospital environment and exogenous infection are unimportant in nosocomial infection.The most of PAE are derived from the patients themselves.

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Rifaximin versus Ciprofloxacin for Treatment of Acute Infectious Diarrhea

Kabing ZHAO ; Liufang CHENG ; Lihua YANG ; Rongbin GUO ; Yunsheng YANG

Chinese Journal of Nosocomiology.2006;0(12):-.

0.05).The incidence of adverse events was low and similar in each group. CONCLUSIONS Rifaximin is a safe and effective alternative to ciprofloxacin in the treatment of acute infectious diarrhea in adults.

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