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Changes in Diabetic′s Concurrent Infection During Recent 10 Years

Chinese Journal of Nosocomiology.2006;0(05):-.

OBJECTIVE To analyze the changes in clinical behaviors in the recent 10 years among patients with diabetes combined infection,including incidence of diabetic′s concurrent infections, the infective sites,the pathogen spectrum,the danger of infections and so on,we could do better in preventing and curing the diabetic′s concurrent infections.METHODS Using retrospective methods,the diabetic patients with concurrent infection were divided into two groups,712 patients in 1995-1999 as the first group,986 patients in 2000-2005 as the second group,were respectively calculated and compared their average age,sex distribution,the average course of diseases,the fasting blood sugar,glycosylated hemoglobin,the incidence of infection,and the distribution in body systems.RESULTS The diabetic patients′ average course in the second group(10.82?9.83 years) prolonged a little than the first(P

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Prevention of Hospital Infection in Senile Patients with Long-term Central Vein Catheterization

Liping ZHANG ; Mulin WU

Chinese Journal of Nosocomiology.2006;0(05):-.

OBJECTIVE To explore the prevention mesures of hospital infection in aged patients with long-term central vein catheterization.METHODS The clinical data of 26 aged patients with long-term central vein catheterization from Mar 2005 to Oct 2006 were analyzed retrospectively.RESULTS Among 26 aged patients with long-term central vein catheterization,no related hospital infection occurred with average 7 d hospitalization.Swelling in upper extremities was observed in 5 patients.CONCLUSIONS The mesures,such as aseptic procedure for changing transfusion device periodically and using effective filter can effectively prevent the infection.

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Genotypes of ?-Lactamases Multi-drug Resistant Genes of Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Type Ⅰ Integrating Enzyme Genes

Shuping ZHAO

Chinese Journal of Nosocomiology.2006;0(12):-.

OBJECTIVE To investigate genes associated with the drug-resistance of ?-lactamases antibiotics in Pseudomonas aeruginosa(PAE) and type Ⅰ integrating enzyme gene isolated from clinical patients.METHODS The drug-sensitivity for 16 antibiotics were detected by the disc agar diffusion(DAD) and microdilution.To ditect the related drug-resistence genes TEM,SHV,OXA-10,PER,VEB,GES,CARB,IMP,VIM,SPM,GIM,DHA,F-OX,MOX,CTX-M9,CTX-M1 and outer membrane protein gene oprD2 and 18 main drug resistance genes of typeⅠ integrating enzyme gene and others with PCR method.RESULTS Resistant rates of 34 multidrug resistant P.aeruginosa(MRPA)strains for amikacin,ceftazidime,ciprofloxacin,cefoperazone/sulbactam,cefepime,imipenem,levofloxacin,piperacillin/tazobactam,aztreonam,piperacillin and tobramicin were 14.7%,29.4%,61.8%,67.6%,70.6%,73.5%,76.5%,76.5%,79.4%,91.2% and 94.1%,respectively,with 100.0% for others antibiotics.The positive diagnosis rates of gene encoding extended-spectrum ?-lactamases FOX,IMP,DHA,and VIM were 23.5%,11.8%,11.8% and 5.9%,24(70.6%) were deleted in outer membrane protein gene oprD2,other ?-lactamase genes were absent in all isolates,the type Ⅰ integrating enzyme gene intⅠ1 was positive in 34 strains.CONCLUSIONS P.aeruginosa carries various ?-lactamases genes in clinical PAE patients,and the deletion ratio of oprD2 gene is high,type Ⅰ integrating enzyme exists largely in MRPA.

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Hospital-acquired Infections:An Investigation of 78 829 Patients

Menghua ZHANG

Chinese Journal of Nosocomiology.2006;0(12):-.

OBJECTIVE To study the causes of hospital acquired infections in the general hospitals and provide the reliable evidence to prevent and control the hospital acquired infections.METHODS By means of retrospective investigation,we observed 78829 patients with hospital acquired infections collected from May 2004 to Apr 2006 in our hospital.RESULTS The hospital acquired infection rate was 3.07%,the most cases were with respiratory infection,accounted for 59.07%,mainly with G-bacteria accounted for 49.73% and caused by primary malignancy,accounted for 18.05%.CONCLUSIONS The high risk factors of hospital acquired infections are immunosuppression,more invasive examinations and treatments and long-term using antibiotics.

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Hospital Disinfection Quality Surveillance Analysis:10 Year Results and Impact Factors

Bin WU

Chinese Journal of Nosocomiology.2006;0(09):-.

OBJECTIVE To learn about the state of disinfecting quality and its impact factors of our hospital in recent 10 years.METHODS According to GB15982-1995 and GB15981-1995 the sampling and surveillance were carried out to the objects concerned for disinfecting in the hospital.RESULTS It showed ascent trend in its entirety for the qualified rate of sample surveillance(70.53-96.34%).The qualified rates of applying disinfecting liquid,medical treatment necessities and pressure steam sterilizer were also higher in the surveillance each year.CONCLUSIONS The lows and regulations correlated with disinfection and operating technological specification have become more and more perfect and flawless,supervision and management also have been intervened and strengthened,and the level of the consciousness and knowledge of disinfection among the staff have had elevation,all these have elevated the disinfection job of the hospital in quality.

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Nosocomial Infections in Geriatric Department:Status and Intervention Strategy

Lan YU ; Xiangqun CHENG

Chinese Journal of Nosocomiology.2006;0(09):-.

OBJECTIVE To investigate the status and risk factors of nosocomial infections in geriatric department and to lay down the intervention strategy.METHODS Prospective monitoring and retrospective investigation were carried out to analyze 218 cases of nosocomial infection in geriatric department.RESULTS The lower respiratory tract infection was the main one in geriatric department(69.4%),which was followed by urinary tract infection(22.5%).The risk factors included old ages,prolonged hospitalization,using broad spectrum antibiotics widely,severe underlying illness,invasive operating manipulation and so on.CONCLUSIONS General intervention strategy should be adopted to control the nosocomial infections in geriatric department in order to cut down the infection rate and increase the rate of curing.

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Report on the 13 Cases of Nosocomial Urinary Infection by Flavobacterium

Yuesheng CAO

Chinese Journal of Nosocomiology.1994;0(01):-.

Between 1988-1991,13 stains of Flavobacterium were isolated from urine of patients in hospital.The result showed that the strains were gradually increased from year to year.The Flavobacterium was gram-negative,weakly fermentatively saprophytic bacilli,could colonized.These patients had serious underlying disease,such as trauma,diabetes mellitus,congenital heart discase etc.They were immunocompromised and easily infected.Most of the patients had been produced dysbiosis because they had used high doses of antibiotic therapy.The bacteria resistant to many antibiotics and sensitivity test of drug didn't uniformity with the clinical effect so that treatment is very difficulty.Prevention and treatment of the nosocomial infection by this bacteria is important.

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Analysis of Drug Resistance of Common Gram-negative Bacilli in Clinic with VITEK-AMS

Jie PENG

Chinese Journal of Nosocomiology.1994;0(04):-.

The procedure of routine bacteria-detective methode are very complicated, so are MIC methods for drug detection.The results of drug sensitive test with disk diffusion are not stable.However,the Auto Microbic System VITEK AMS has made it possible to carry out bacterial identification, drug-sensitive test and MIC detection rapidly and accurately. The results of AMS of 382 clinically isolated Gram-negative bacilli showed that the strains contianed P.aeruginosa (32.5%), K. pneumoniae(18.6%), E. coli(16.5%), A.calcoaceticus(13.1%) E.claocae(12%), E. aezogenes(4.2%), Proteus mirabilis(3.1%), and multiresist tstains were common in them. The resistant rate of the above strains to two to six antibiotics were 84.1%~100%, 67.6-100%, 59.2-99.2%, 52.1-95.9%, 40.8-89.5%, respectively. All above strains had the lowest resistance to Amikacin and the highest to Ampicllin. It is significant that clinical doctors should choose right antibiotics according to the accurate results of AMS.

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Essential of Hand Hygiene to Patients′ Safety in Hospital

Xiaofeng FENG ; Linghua ZHAO

Chinese Journal of Nosocomiology.2006;0(12):-.

OBJECTIVE To evaluate the current status that nosocomial infection constitutes one of the main problems threatening the safety of hospitalized patients and to set the idea that a good practice of hand hygiene will definitely improve the situation.METHODS The published papers and related regulations in this specific field were reviewed.RESULTS The most common way responsible for nosocomial infection was the transmission of pathogens by hands of medical staff;the detection rate of pathogens was as high as 80% in nursing staff hands,which included Pseudomonas aeruginosa,Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus by rates of 25.9%,22.2% and 14.8%,respectively.CONCLUSIONS It is of great importance to control nosocomial infection by realizing and using the hand hygiene knowledge,which is basic,simple,and practicable.

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Role of Surgical Nurses in Rational Use of Antibacterials to Prevent Nosocomial Infection

Mei ZHENG

Chinese Journal of Nosocomiology.2006;0(02):-.

OBJECTIVE To know the situation of antimicrobial application during laparoscopic cholecystectomy in hospital and the role of surgical nurses in rational use of antibacterials to prevent the nosocomial infection.METHODS To train surgical and operating room nurses on basis of Zhejiang provincial guide scheme on clinical rational use of antibacterials and chooses the patients of department of general surgery after cholecystectomy during Jan to Jun 2006 to know their antibacterial application.RESULTS From 219 cases after laparoscopic cholecystectomy during this period,96% had rational use of antibacterials during perioperative period vs 56% in the same period of 2005 when were without surgical nurse intervention.CONCLUSIONS The active of surgical nurses is important to significantly elevate the efficacy of rational use of antibacterials during perioperative period.

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