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Antimicrobial-resistant Profile of Staphylococcus aureus Isolated from Clinical Specimens

Chinese Journal of Nosocomiology.2004;0(10):-.

OBJECTIVE To investigate the antimicrobial-resistant profile of Staphylococcus aureus isolated from clinical specimens. METHODS The isolates of S.aureus were obtained from all kinds of clinical specimens by routine methods.The identification and susceptibility test of the isolates were determined by Automated Microbiology Analyzer.Disk-diffusion was used for detecting meticillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus(MRSA). RESULTS The isolates were mainly isolated from sputa and urines.62.1% of isolates were referred as MRSA.All isolates of MRSA were resistant to ampicillin/sulbactam,penicillin G and cefazolin.No isolates of MSSA were resistant to above drugs.All isolates were susceptible to nitrofurantoin and vancomycin.The resistant rates of the isolates of MRSA to clindamycin,erythromycin,gentamicin,tetracycline,rifampin,sulfamethoxazole and levofloxacin were 70.7%,86.6%,87.8%,82.9%,42.7%,30.5% and 91.5%,respectively,those of MSSA were 31.3%,41.7%,20.8%,20.8%,10.4%,29.2% and 6.3%. CONCLUSIONS The antimicrobial resistance of MRSA is serious,but the antibiotics have high activity to the isolates of MSSA except penicillin G in vitro.Vancomycin has very high activity to the isolates of MRSA in vitro.

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Comprehensive Interventional Management of Antibacterials

Wei CHEN

Chinese Journal of Nosocomiology.2004;0(10):-.

OBJECTIVE To apply the comprehensive interventional measures to manage the clinical application of antibacterials and provide a scientific basis for their management.METHODS Since 2004 we strengthened the propagend a about the hospital infection knowledge worked out the quantification standards about the antibacterial use rate and cost ratio,the interventional measures about the rational use of antibacterials,and made an investigation about antibacterial use rate and cost ratio before and after intervention.RESULTS It indicated the antibacterial use rates before and after intervention and among operated patients had the statistically significant differences.CONCLUSIONS The application of comprehensive interventional measures to manage clinical use of antibacterials could decrease the antibacterial use rate and increase the self-consciousness among clinicians in rational use of antibacterials.

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Multidrug-resistant Bacteria Infection in Newborn Department

Ping TANG ; Yongchang ZHANG

Chinese Journal of Nosocomiology.1994;0(04):-.

OBJECTIVE To investigate multidrug-resistant bacteria infection in newborn department,for rationally use of antibiotic. METHODS A total of 1927 patients in newborn department scientific were investigated for their multidrug-resistant bacteria infection. RESULTS There were no statistical differences of multidrug resistance bacteria infection in the four seasons. From 1927 newborn patients,128 patients were with multidrug-resistant bacteria infection,the positive rate was 6.64%,83.59% origin of Society area,in 128 patients children of multidrug resistance bacteria infection,happen infection were 134 example 86.57% were respiratory tract infection,70.83% resistance bacteria including Klebsiella pulmonary,appear multidrug resistance bacteria infection previous 62.28% were use antibiotic. CONCLUSIONS Newborn deartment The multidrug resistance bacteria infection is related to occurved in newborn department abuse and unrationaly use of antibiotics. Its should be strengthened to supervise and manage.

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Drug Resistance and Distribution of Pathogenic Bacteria in Lower Respiratory Tract

Liangping WANG

Chinese Journal of Nosocomiology.2004;0(10):-.

OBJECTIVE To study drug resistance and distribution of infectious bacteria in lower respiratory tract among inpatients and outpatients and use the experience for reference of clinical application.METHODS Bacterial culture of the qualified sputum sample of patients who were admitted from Jan to Dec 2005 was done.The bacteria identification and drug sensitivity tests were done by ATB system.RESULTS Totally 687 strains of bacteria were isolated,the dominant were Gram-negative bacilli(81.5%).Among them,the Pseudomonas aeruginosa was 21.3%,the Acinetobacter baumannii was 19.8%,the Klebsiella pneumoniae was 14.3%,the Stenotrophomonas maltophilia was 16.6%,the Escherichia coli was 7.5%,and the others were 17.5%.The second pathogens were fungi(15.9%).The Gram-positive bacteria were the lowest ones.The results of drug sensitivity tests indicated,the imipenem was the most sensitive for Gram-negative bacilli except the P.aeruginosa and the M.stenotrophomonas(99.1% to 100.0%).For the P.aeruginosa,the amikacin was the highest one,and for the S.maltophilia,the highest was sulfamethoxazole-trimethoprim.CONCLUSIONS The dominant pathogenic bacteria in lower respiratory tract in our area are Gram-negative bacteria.For the same antimicrobial agent,different bacteria have a different sensitivity.We should select the antibiotic according to the results of drug sensitivity test.

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Fungal Infection in 81 Patients with Diabetes

Guoqin ZHOU

Chinese Journal of Nosocomiology.2006;0(05):-.

OBJECTIVE To investigate the status of fungus infection in the department of diabetes in order to analyze the risk factors,and to find out the approach for prevention.METHODS The review investigation method was used to collect clinical material of 81 cases with diabetes and fungus infection in our hospital from Jun 2002 to Jul 2007,and the result of bacterial cultures was analyzed.RESULTS The fungus infection took place more frequently in urinary tract(52.94%),then in the lungs and upper respiratory tract(27.05%).The frequently presented organism was the Candida albicans(42.35%),then C.glabrata(22.35%).CONCLUSIONS The age(≥60 years),sex,fasting plasma glucose concentration,2-hour postprandial blood glucose concentrations,the complications of chronic disease,and the long-term unreasonable use of antibiotic are the risk factors.

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Nosocomial Infections in Clinical Laboratory of Hospital Attached to Health Center of Small Towns:Hidden Danger and Administration Strategy

Shengyuan WU

Chinese Journal of Nosocomiology.2005;0(11):-.

OBJECTIVE To prevent and control nosocomial infection in clinical laboratory of health center in small towns.METHODS Hidden danger of nosocomial infection was investigated and analyzed to formulate the strategy of precaution and control.RESULTS Management status in laboratory was not standardized and occurred several administration shortages such as supervising system,precaution consciousness,operating instruction,contamination zonation,medical garbage disposal,etc.CONCLUSIONS Adopting comprehensive management,establishing relevant rules and carrying on standardized administration are essential for prevention and control of nosocomial infections in laboratory of health center in small towns.

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Hospital Infection Management at Clean Operating Sector: Problems and Countermeasures

Yijuan CAI

Chinese Journal of Nosocomiology.2006;0(09):-.

OBJECTIVE To explore the issues and weakness of hospital infection management at clean operating sector . METHODS Effective preventing and controlling measures of hospital infection, sterilization, isolation , and aseptic technique recommended by WHO were utilized in order to improve investigation and management . RESULTS Quality control was formed in the practice process when sterilization and aseptic technique was performed in routine work at clean operating sector. CONCLUSIONS Hospital infection can be prevented and controlled effectively, patients′ safety coefficient can be improved, and operative infection rate can be lowered when the methods stated in this paper are performed strictly.

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Nosocomial Infection in Catheterization Room:Surveillance and Management

Jincheng YANG ; Chunmei LI

Chinese Journal of Nosocomiology.2006;0(09):-.

OBJECTIVE To prevent nosocomial infection from catheterization room and to reduce the rate of postoperative infection, and improve quality of catheterization room medical care. METHODS Air, object surfaces, the hands of medical staff, and using disinfectant in catheterization room were put to the test every month. RESULTS Totally 253 specimens were put surveillance over three years, total qualified rate was 99.6%, that of air was 98.6% and of object surfaces was 100%, for the hands of medical staff was 100%, and for using disinfectant was 100%. CONCLUSIONS Enhancing prevention nosocomial infection can effectively reduce the infection rate. Surveying the catheterization room termly is an important measure to prevent and control the nosocomial infection.

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Nosocomial Fungal Infection in Cerebral Apoplectic Patients: A Clinical Analysis

Li CHENG

Chinese Journal of Nosocomiology.2006;0(08):-.

OBJECTIVE To investigate and control the risk factors about nosocomial fungal infection in cerebral apoplectic patients. METHODS To study retrospectively 3027 hospitalized patients with cerebral apoplexia in our hospital from Sep 2002 to Sep 2005. RESULTS The incidence of nosocomial fungal infection was 3.24% in all(3 027 cases).Nosocomial fungal infection occurred mainly in lower respiratory tract(67.2%) and oral cavity(21.1%),the main pathogens of nosocomial fungal infection were Candida spp(96.7%).Developments of nosocomial fungal infections were closely related with aging,time of antibiotics therapy,coma,bed-days,diabetes mellitus,difficulties in swallowing,and hypoalbuminemia. CONCLUSIONS The rate of nosocomial fungal infections is higher in cerebral apoplectic patients with aging coma,long bed-days,diabetes mellitus,difficulties in swallowing,hypoalbuminemia,and receiving broad-spectrum antimicrobial agents therapy.Candida spp are the main pathogens of nosocomial fungal infections.We must take some measures to control the risk factors mentioned above and prevent nosocomial fungal infections.

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Nosocomial Infection of Lower Respiratory Tract in Old Patients: Investigation and Analysis

Shan WEN

Chinese Journal of Nosocomiology.2006;0(09):-.

OBJECTIVE To find out about the situation of lower respiratory tract nosocomial infection in old patients . METHODS To investigate 237 cases with nosocomial infection of lower respiratory tract who were over 60 years old in our hospital. RESULTS People who were over 60 accounted for 85.25% among the cases with the nosocomial infection of lower respiratory tract, their death rate was 25.74%; in the results of pathogen culturing , Gram-negative bacilli occupied the main position which accounted for 57.81%. Pseudomonas aeruginosa accounted for 35.93% and fungi accounted for 21.88%, they were the two kinds of common pathogens. CONCLUSIONS The serious underlying diseases in old patients, their long hospital stays and weak immune function , large number of invasive diagnostic procedures and traumatic operation, and unreasonal use of antibiotics have made great distribution to nosocomial infection and influence to prognosis, it is necessary to take corresponding measures to settle them.

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