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The screening and polymorphic analysis of bovine tetranucleotide STR loci

Chinese Journal of Forensic Medicine.2009;24(6):361-364.

Objective To screen the microsatellites with low occurrence rate of stutter band and establish the effective bovine STR typing system.Methods The tetranucleotide STR loci in bovine genome were searched with Tandem Repeat Finder software.Primers were designed and used to amplify these candidate loci and the PCR products were separated with electrophoresis.DNA samples from 100 head of unrelated cattle were typed.Results Among these candidate loci,6 bovine tetranucleotide STR loci showed high polymorphism,and their CDP and CPE value were 0.99995 and 0.859591 respectively.Conclusion The 6 bovine tetranucleotide STR loci can be used for bovine identification and parentage testing.

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Determination of isoniazid in rabbit's vitreous humor and spinal fluid by reversed-phase high performance liquid chromatography

Ming JIN ; He HUANG ; Yinhua ZHANG

Chinese Journal of Forensic Medicine.1988;0(04):-.

Objective Develop a reversed-phase high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) methodfor detecting isoniazid in vitreous humor and spinal fluid.Method Vanillin, as a derivative reagent, was added to the vitreous humor and spinal fluid samples. Isoniazid and vanillin reacted to form isonicotinoyl hydrazone which was separated and detected. The pretreatment method of sample, the linear range, the precision, the recovery of isoniazid were all established by using rabbit's vitreous humor and spinal fluid spiked with standard isoniazid. The HPLC method has then been applied to investigate the concentration of isoniazid in intoxicated rabbits'vitreous numor and spinal fluid respectively.Results As established in the method, the linear range was 0.2?g/ml～12.0?g/ml (for vitreous humor ?=0.9990, for spinal fluid ?=0.9988). The detective limit was 0.2?g/ml. The intra and inter-day precision of assay for isoniazid were less than 4.9%( n =5) in vitreous numor and spinal fluid. The average recoveries of isoniazid were more than 97.1%. The concentration of isoniazid was 74.60?7.40?g/ml in vitreous humor, 88.95?10.12?g /ml in spinal fluid.Conclusion The HPLC method is suitable for analyzing isoniazid in the vitreous numor and spinal fluid.

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The value of APM histochemical stain technique in the diagnosis of amniotic fluid embolism

Lan WANG ; Liang LIU ; Xinming WU

Chinese Journal of Forensic Medicine.1988;0(04):-.

Objective Explore the value of APM histochemical stain technique in the diagnosis of amniotic fluid embolism(AFE).Method The pulmonary tissues taken from autopsies performed in 1988～2001 including 19 AFE cases and 3 babies died of amniotic fluid aspiratory pneumonia(positive control),10 women in labor died of other causes(negative control) were sectioned again and stained by APM method and HE method. Comparative statistical research was carried out on findings from the 2 staining methods. Results By APM stain,amniotic fluid elements could be found in all AFE cases and positive control cases as well as some negative control cases.In addition,we found 1 positive case neglected and 1 false negative case of AFE retrospectively.Statistical comparison revealed that APM stain can elevate the detection rates both for keratinized epithelium and mucus.Conclusion APM staining provided possibility of detecting some amniotic fluid elements that was not distinguished by HE stain. The APM stain is helpful and can be used for AFE diagnosis in routine histological examination.

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Immunohistochemical study of mast cell tryptase

Cairong GAO ; Guangmu REN ; Housheng FAN

Chinese Journal of Forensic Medicine.1988;0(04):-.

Objective Carry out the mast cell tryptase (MCT) granule count in throat, lung and small intestine mast cells in persons died of anaphylactic shock.Method Control group: 10 cases died from severe brain injury. Research group:15 cases died from anaphylactic shock(group A)and 8 cases died of amniotic fluid embolism (group B). H & E staining and immunohistochemical staining were employed and the MCT granule count performed on the throat, lung and small intestine tissue.Results There was marked increase of MCT granule count in the throat (average MCT-positive number of group A 28.48 and of group B 24.35),lung (average MCT-positive number of group A 46.98 and of group B 43.50) and small intestine (average MCT-positive number of group A 48.23 and of group B 42.72) in specimens of group A and group B as compared with the control group (average number in throat 7.97,lung 12.94 and small intestine 20.25).Conclusion Tryptase granular count of MCT increased in throat, lung and small intestine tissue in persons died from anaphylactic shock and amniotic fluid embolism.

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Comparison of postmortem stability of six markers for the diagnosis of myocardial infarction

Bingjie HU ; Qiming FENG ; Guansan WANG

Chinese Journal of Forensic Medicine.1988;0(04):-.

Objective Investigate the postmortem stability of the six immunohistochemical markers of fibronectin(Fn),fibrinogen(Fg),C5 complement(C5), myoglobin(Mb), actin(HHF35)and desmin(Dm)for the postmortem diagnosis of myocardial infarction.Method The areas of depletion ofMb、HHF35 and Dm,and the positive reaction areas of Fn、Fg and C5 in the ischemic myocardium were studied with immunohistochemistry,image analysis technique and statistical system.The postmortem stability of the six immunohistochemical markers was compared.Results The specimens of normal myocardium kept at 4℃ for 1 to 2 days showed homogenous brown reactions for Dm, HHF35 and Mb; depletion of Dm, HHF35 and Mb became evident when these specimens were kept at 4℃ for 3 days postmortem, and the depletion area increased with the lapse of postmortem interval; the depletion area of Dm, HHF35 and Mb in ischemic myocardial tissues also increased with the lapse of postmortem interval;the positive reaction areas of Fg, C5 and Fn in ischemic myocardial tissues decreased with the lapse of postmortem interval.Fg became negative when the ischemic myocardium were kept at 4℃ for 2 weeks postmortem,C5 became negative when kept at 4℃ for 3 weeks postmortem,but Fn remained positive when kept at 4℃ for 4 weeks postmortem.No positive reactions for Fg,C5 and Fn could be found in normal myocardium when kept at 4℃ for different time intervals. The image analysis result showed that the positive reaction areas decreased with the lapse of postmortem interval. Conclusion The Dm and HHF35, Mb showed least postmortem stability, easily influenced by autolysis, only suitable for detection in fresh corpses(1to 2dayspostmortem) ;Fgislittlebitbetter,suitableforcorpsesat4℃ 1weekpostmortem ;C5isbet ter,suitableforcorpsesat 4℃ 2weekspostmortem ;Fnisthebestmarker ,suitableforcorpsesat 4℃ 4 weekspostmortem .

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An immunohistochemical study of bFGF and COX2 after human brain contusion.

Wei ZHANG ; Dewen WANG ; Guangchuan WANG

Chinese Journal of Forensic Medicine.1988;0(04):-.

Objective Study the changes of bFGF, COX2 after human severe brain injury and find an effective method for estimating time interval after brain injury.Method 35 brain tissue samples of severe brain injury were examined using immunohistochemical staining and image analysis technique to evaluate the expression of bFGF and COX2.Results Maximal bFGF expression was found at 0h after brain contusion. The intensity of bFGF staining decreased remarkably 12h after brain contusion and descended gradually to the minimum on the 11th day. Expression of COX2 positive cells increased significantly 12h after brain contusion and reached the maximum level one day after brain contusion. Then the expression decreased gradually from the 2nd day to almost aero on the 11th day.Conclusion The changes of bFGF and COX2 were regular along with various survival time after brain contusion so that bFGF and COX2 immunohistochemical staining can be used as a referential data for estimating time interval after human brain contusion.

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171 cases of injury to the cranial nerves connecting to the brain stem

Qingsong YAO ; Yixuan SONG ; Zhong HE

Chinese Journal of Forensic Medicine.1988;0(04):-.

Objective Observe the injuries to the cranial nerves in cases of brain stem injury following head trauma;explore the mechanism of injuries and their relations to the mode and point of impact on the head. Method Brain stem specimens of 465 cases of head trauma were designed to take cross sections at the roots of the 3rd～12th cranial nerves. Among the 465 cases, 171 were proven to have contusion of the brain stem. On these cases, the cranial nerves were observed meticulously. Results Cranial nerve injuries were found in all cases suffering from brain stem contusion. The nerves included were: oculomotor nerve (120 cases, 70.2%), facial and acoustic nerve (92 cases, 53.8%), trigeminal nerve (85 cases, 49.7%), abducent nerve (45 cases, 26.3%), hypoglossal nerve (31 cases, 18.1%), vagus nerve (27 cases, 15.8%), glosso-pharyngeal nerve (24 cases, 14.0%), and trochlear nerve and accessory nerve (10 cases each, 5.8%). The nerve injuries may be unilateral or bilateral, involving single or multiple nerves in a case. The pathological changes included hemorrhage (42 cases, 24.6%), edema (26 cases, 15.2%), structural deformation at the root of the nerves (71 cases, 41.5%), tear of the nerve roots (32 cases, 18.7%). Conclusion Cranial nerve injury is an important part of the cranio-cerebral injury, and also an accompaniment of the brain stem injury. The features of interesting in the injuries were the higher frequencies in the nerves at the upper level and the nerves of larger diameter; of highest frequency were oculomotor nerve, facial nerve and acoustic nerve.

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Investigation of the sarcosaphagous fly in Guizhou Province

Lushi CHEN ; Yuxing HE ; Jianguo CHEN

Chinese Journal of Forensic Medicine.2002;0(05):-.

Objective To investigate the fly in relation to cadaver in the area of Guizhou. Method According to entomological investigation method, 12 areas were selected for investigation, where specimens were collected from 10th to 20th in February, May, August and November in a year. Results 37433 sarcosaphagous fly specimens were collected in 12 areas in a year, which were classified into 27 species of 17 genera in 5 families.Conclusion Data on the sarcosaphagous fly species, area- and season-related distribution were obtained, which is reported first time in China. and may form a basis for further study on the development of sarcosaphagous fly and provide reference to estimation of possible season and circumstance when death occurred.

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The study on the morphological changes of human bitemark

Xinmin CHEN ; Dahong SUN ; Yan WU

Chinese Journal of Forensic Medicine.2002;0(05):-.

Objective To study the morphological changes, human bitemarks were made on the living and dead canine skin. Method The changing patterns of the human bitemarks were recorded with morphological parameters measured. The relationships among the patterns of the bitemark, tooth area, time, ocdusal force, tooth width and thickness were analyzed by multiple progressive regression. Results The multiple progressive regression equations of the morphological changes of human bitemark were established: S=-6.96-1.68?10 2T-0.11F +2.21W+3.75H(Live dog test,T

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Histological physiological and biochemical study on multiple organ dysfunction syndrome in the elderly

Hualan JING ; Yanrong LI ; Jianding CHENG

Chinese Journal of Forensic Medicine.2002;0(05):-.

Objective To study the characteristics of organ function and structural injuries in the elderly with multiple organ dysfunction syndrome. Method 50 Wistar rats (25 three-month-old rats and 25 twenty-month-old rats) were anaesthetized and experienced cecal ligation puncture (CLP) operation, which were defined as MODSE group and MODS group respectively. 40 Wistar rats (20 three-month-old rats and 20 twenty-month-old rats) were anaesthetized and not experienced cecal ligation puncture operation, which were used as SOGE (sham operation group in the elderly) and SOG (sham operation group). At 6 h, 12h, 24h, 48h or 72h after operation, serum levels of alanine aminotransferase, aspartate aminotransferase, blood urea nitrogen, creatinine and total bilirubin were measured by automatic biochemistry analyzer. Organs (hearts, brains, lungs, livers, kidneys) were harvested. Paraffin sections were made and stained by conventional H.E procedure for histological examination. Results Based on histological investigations, physiological and biochemical measurements, organ dysfunction in MODSE group occurred at 6h after operation and peaked at 24 h after operations. Otherwise, organ injuries with MODS occurred at 24 h and peaked at 48 h after operation. Conclusion According to histological investigations, physiological and biochemical measurements, damages of organ dysfunction and structural damages in MODSE group occurred much earlier and more seriously. which may provide an experimental evidence for medico-legal certification of the death caused by MODS.

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