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Effects of taurine treatment on glutamate transporter mRNA expression in diabetic rat retina

Chinese Journal of Diabetes.2005;13(5):340-342,345.

Objective To investigate the effects of taurine treatment on retina ultrastructure and glutamate receptor GLAST mRNA expression in diabetic rat.Methods Diabetic rats were fed with 1.2% taurine for 3 months.Reverse transcription and polymerase chain reaction(RT-PCR) were employed to detect the expression of GLAST mRNA.Changes of retinal ultrastructure of rats were observed with transmission electronic microscope. Results From the first to the third month,the(mRNA) expression of GLAST gradually decreased in diabetic rat retina.Taurine could up-regulate the expression in this period.Membrane disc arrange was disordered and mitochondria swelled in STZ diabetic rat retina,which were ameliorated after taurine treatment.Conclusion Taurine can up-regulate the mRNA expression of GLAST and restrain excitotoxicity of glutamate.These observations suggest that taurine may play a role of nerve protection.

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Gene transfer and expression of human insulin gene in fibroblasts in vitro

Haiying XIE ; Yancheng XU ; Jiazhong SUN

Chinese Journal of Diabetes.2005;13(5):389,391-.

Human insulin gene(PCMV.INS) is successfully transferred and expressed into N1H3T3 cell by chitosan mediation.This is helpful in the research of the gene therapy of type 1 diabetes.

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Beneficial effects of nitrendipine on diabetic cardiomyopaty in rats

Cai LI

Chinese Journal of Diabetes.1993;0(00):-.

The effects of nitrendipine (Nit) on myocardial contractility, myocardial succinate de-hydrogenase (SDH) and cytochrome oxidase (CCO) activities in streptozotocin (65mg/kg) diabetic rats were studied. Four weeks after the induction of diabetes, the rats were treated with Nit (30mg ?kg -2/day) for 4 weeks. The results showed that ventricular diastolic function was affected after 4 weeks of diabetes, and both ventricular diastolic and systolic functions were obviously involved after 8 weeks. These changes were significantly improved in diabetic rats receiving Nit treatment. The myocardial SDH and CCO activities in diabetic animals were markedly lower as compared to controls. The attenuation of these enzyme activities in diabetic rats was significantly reversed by administration of Nit. These findings suggest that Nit treatment may exhibit some beneficial effects on diabetic cardiomyopathy.

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A study on the mRNA expression of the glucose transporter gene in the diabetic rats

Hua WANG

Chinese Journal of Diabetes.1993;0(00):-.

The study was proceeded on the mRNA expression of the GULT1 and GLUT4 gene in the alloxan diabetic rats by the technique of dot-blot hybridization analysis. The results showed that the levels of the GLUT4 mRNA expression were reduced in diabetic rats while increased in insulin treated diabetic rats. This suggests that the reduced GLUT4 mRNA expression which could affect the quantity of its posttranslational products may be one of the causes of the insulin resistance.

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Effects of thymosin and insulin on suppressor T cell in type Ⅱdiabetes

Kaizhen ZHANG

Chinese Journal of Diabetes.1993;0(00):-.

The activity and the percentage of suppressor T cells in PBMC from 28 patients with type I diabetes of various durations treated with thymosin or insulin were detected by using the method of ConA-induced suppressor T cells and Wu T8 (suppressor/cytotoxic) monoclonal antibody respectively. Both thymosin and insulin were found to have ability to improve and normalize the ConA-induced suppressor cell activity and the percentage of Wu T8 cells in diabetic patients. The maximal effects were found at the concentration of 3. 22?mol/L thymosin and 1. 722nmol/L(240. 05mIU /L) insulin. Thymosin was more effective than insulin.

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A Study on the Na+-K+ATPase Activity of Erythrocyte Membranes in Diabetic Patients

Guizhi LU

Chinese Journal of Diabetes.1993;0(00):-.

A study on the Na+-K+ ATPase activity of erythrocyte membranes was carried out in 34 NIDDM patients without complications and in 20 age-matched normal control subjects. The Na+-K + ATPase activity was decreased in the NIDDM patients as compared with that of the normal subjects. There was a positive correlation between the Na+-K+ ATPase and the serum insulin peak level as well as the area under curves of insulin releasing test. There was no correlation between the Na+-K+ATP ase and the fasting blood glucose or glycohemoglobin level. The mean value of erythrocyte su-peroxide dismutase (SOD) was decreased in the NIDDM patients as compared with that of normal subjects. But the Na+-K+ ATPase activity was not correlated with SOD. The result suggests that Na+-K+ATPase activity in the NIDDM patients is regulated by the serum insulin level. Insulin treatment would be useful for these patients to increase the activity of Na+-K+ATPase and prevent chronic complications.

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A study on the polymorphisms and haplotypes at the apoAI-c Ⅲ gene cluster from the patients with NIDDM

Jinchao ZHANG

Chinese Journal of Diabetes.1993;0(00):-.

The polymorphisms and haplotypes identified by restriction fragment length polymorphisms (RFLPs) at the apolipoprotein A1-C3 gene cluster (ApoAl-C3) were studied in 75 Han-nationality-Chinese patients with NIDDM, 30 of which were complicated with hypertriglyceridemia. Fifty unrelated healthy subjects matched for age and body weight were chosen as controls. The results showed that after the RFLPs hydrolyzed by the restriction endonucleases SstI and MspI were hybridized with the human ApoAl gene cDNA fragment(l. 0 kb),S2 and M2 tnutational sites consistent with other reports were found . Significant frequency difference in genotype M1M1 was observed between the simple NIDDM and control group(62% vs 42%). In the NIDDM with hypertriglyceridemia group,both of the S2S2 and M2M2 genotypes had a frequency of 10% and the haplotype S2-M2 had a higher frequency than that in controls. This suggests the association of S2M2 haplotype with NIDDM complicated by hypertriglyceridemia.

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Effect of islet amyloid polypeptide(Amylin) on glucose metabolism and secretion of insulin in the rats

Yuning QIAN

Chinese Journal of Diabetes.1993;0(00):-.

The effect of continuous amylin infusion on glucose tolerance in rats and the effect of amylin on glucose-stimulated insulin secretion from isolated rat pancreatic islets were sudied. Three groups of animals formed the study of glucose tolerance: Group 1 received salined infusion; Group2 , amylin at 2. 6 nmol?kg-1/h;and group 3,amylin at 26 nmol**kg-1/h. The total infusion time was 60 min. The insulin level and serum glucose were not altered at lower dose of amylin. However glucose levels markedly rose at 2.7,12 min. after beginning IVGTT, without significant change of insulin levels in group 3. The response of insulin to 16. 7 mol glucose-stimulated isolated rat pancretic islets was singnificantly inhibiled by the addition of amylin 10 umol.

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A survey of diabetes and impaired glucose tolerance in Shanxi,Beijing and Liaoning,north China 1989

Hongding XIANG ; At ET

Chinese Journal of Diabetes.1993;0(00):-.

In 1989 ,a general survey of diabetes mellitus and impaired glucose tolerance(IGT) in 44 747 Shanxi peasants,as well as Beijing and Liaoning workers and cadres revealed that the prevalence rate of diabetes and IGT was 2. 02% and 2. 95 % respectively. The former was greatly increased in comparison with that in 1979. The prevalences of diabetes and IGT in Beijing and Liaoning were much higher than in Shanxi, where the caloric-intake and the percentages of overweight and obesity in peasants were much lower. The prevalence rate of diabetes and IGT increased with age,with the peak in 60s. Most of patients with diabetes or IGT were non-obese, but it was significantly higher in overweight or obesity groups. These indicate that aging,lack of physical exercise,overeating and obesity are major factors in increasing the prevalence rate of diabetes mellitus and IGT. A significant difference in prevalence rate of diabetes between male and female was found. Its cause and significance need further study.

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A population association study of glucokinase gene and non-insulin-dependent (type 2) diabetes mellitus in Chinese

Kunsan XIANG

Chinese Journal of Diabetes.1993;0(00):-.

The association of glucokinase(GCK) gene with type 2 diabetes in Chinese was studied by using the polymerase-chain-reaction amplified microsatellite polymorphism marker, GCK-5'. In comparison with non-diabetics,allele 4 was significantly increased in type 2 diabetics(X2 = 6. 773,P=0. 009). The frequency of genotype 44 and 4X was significantly higher in type 2 diabetics than in non-di-abetics(X2 = 6. 439, P = 0.011). The allelic frequency difference was also observed in overweight/obese subgroup compariscn(X2 = 7. 718,P = 0. 021). The risk of type 2 diabetes in Chinese with genotype 44 or 4X is about 3. 6 times higher than in Chinese with genotype XX. Our results indicate that GCK is associated with type 2 diabetes in Chinese.

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