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Analysis of economic burden of major and intermedia thalassaemia in Guangdong Province

Huazhao LIN ; Weibin PENG ; Yuanzhu MA ; Huazhang MIAO ; Bing LI ; Aihua YIN ; Qingguo ZHAO

Journal of Medical Postgraduates.2015;(6):642-645.

Objective There is a high occurrence rate of thalassaemia in Guangdong Province .Major and intermedia thalas-saemia bring severe burden for patients , families, and societies.This study aimed to reveal the economic burden of thalassaemia major and intermedia thalassaemia in Guangdong Province . Methods Eight areas of Guangdong Province were selected as the sampling ar-eas.Patients with major or intermedia thalassaemia were enrolled in the study .The patients′economic burden of this disease , inclu-ding direct economic burden , indirect economic burden and intangible economic burden was calcultated .The direct economic burden was estimated by outpatient fee , hospitalization expense , nutrition and transportation fees , indirect economic burden was evaluated u-sing disability adjusted life years ( DALY) combined with human capital , and intangible economic burden was calculated using method of willingness. Results Per average annual direct economic burden of 45 patients with major or intermedia thalassaemia was 43 058.66 yuan, per average annual indirect economic burden was 20 474.51 yuan, and per person intangible economic burden was 302 466.67 yuan. Conclusion Economic burden of major and intermedia thalassaemia is huge and most patients do not receive standardized treatment .More effective way should be taken to reduce the economic burden of thalassaemia and help the patients to re -ceive standardized treatment .

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Study on the anti-inflammatory and analgesic effects of xiangqingzhitong spray

Tao WU ; Wenya LIU ; Zheng WANG ; Shudong WANG

Journal of Medical Postgraduates.2015;(6):637-641.

Objective Xiangqingzhitong spray ( XQ spray) is a kind of class V new Chinese drugs .This paper studied the anti-inflammatory and analgesic effects of XQ spray to provide experiment evidence for clinical application . Methods Mice were divided into blank control A group , yunnan baiyao aerosol A group , voltaren A group and low , middle and high dose A group of XQ spray.Analgesic effects were studied by observing effect of XQ spray for pain threshold in electrical stimulation test .Mice were divided into blank control B group , yunnan baiyao aerosol B group , voltaren B group and low , middle and high dose B group of XQ spray .Analgesic effects were studied by observing the effects of XQ spray for pain threshold in tail pain tenderness test .Mice were divided into blank control C group , yunnan baiyao aerosol C group , voltaren C group and low,middle and high dose C group of XQ spray .Anti-inflammatory effects were observed by the models of ear swelling induced by xylene in mice.Rats were divided into blank control D group , yunnan baiyao aerosol D group , voltaren D group and low, middle and high dose D group of XQ spray .Anti-inflammatory effects were observed by the models of paw edema induced by carrageenin in rats . Results Electrical stimulation test showed that middle and high dose A group of XQ spray could enhance the pain threshold and the analgesia percentage reached 90%after the administration of 15 min and 30 min.Compared with control group , significant difference was found in medium and high dose A group (P<0.05).High dose B group of XQ spray could enhance pain threshold in tail pain tenderness test markedly after the administration of 15 min and 30 min and the difference was significant compared with control group ( P<0.01).Middle dose C group could inhibit the ear swelling induced by xylene in mice and the difference was significant compared with control group ([4.41 ±4.55]mg vs [9.15 ±3.94]mg,P<0.05).High dose C group could inhibit the ear swelling induced by xylene in mice and significant difference was found compared with control group ([3.62 ±3.56]mg vs [9.15 ±3.94] mg,P<0.01). High dose D group could inhibit the paw edema induced by carrageenin in rats after the administration of 30 min and there was signifi-cant difference compared with control group ([1.19 ±0.94]mg vs [2.54 ±1.28]mg,P<0.01). Conclusion XQ spray has sig-nificant anti-inflammatory and analgesic effects .

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Efficacy and safety analyses of tension-free vaginal tape in therapy of female stress urinary incontinence

Fei BIAN ; Feng ZHOU ; Weiguo CHEN ; Gang LI

Journal of Medical Postgraduates.2015;(6):618-621.

[Abstract ] Objective The tension-free vaginal tape is the main method for treatment of stress urinary incontinence (SUI). The aim of the present study was to analyze the effect and safety of tension-free vaginal tape ( TVT) and tension-free vaginal tape-obtu-rater ( TVT-O) for female stress urinary incontinence and to sum up the experiences . Methods Clinical data of 142 patients who re-ceived anti-incontinence surgery ( TVT/TVT-O ) between January 2011 and May 2014 were retrospectively analyzed , 111 cases re-ceived TVT and 31 cases received TVT-O.The effect and the complication were analyzed at least 6 months post surgery .Incontinence quality of life ( I-QOL) and organ prolapse/urinary incontinence sexual function questionnaire ( P-ISQ) were used to observe the sub-jective symptoms .One hour pad test value was used to assesse the objective response . Results The effective rate post-TVT/TVT-O was 88.03%, and the cure rate was 95.07%6 months post surgery.In the group of TVT, I-QOL and P-ISQ score were 52.1 ±16.8 and 60.1 ±36.5 at time of pre-operation, and they were 92.1 ±17.1 and 62.2 ±37.8 at time of post-operation, respectively.In the group of TVT-O, they were 61.2 ±15.8 and 57.1 ±36.8 at time of pre-operation, and they were 91.3 ±20.1 and 62.1 ±35.9 at time of post-operation, respectively.Compared with pre-operation, I-QOL and P-ISQ score were obviously rised at time of post-operation ( P<0.05 ). The total incidence rate of surgery complication was 21.83%.And,in proper was urinary tract infection (16.9%),OAB (14.08%), bladder injury(11.26%), retention of urine(7.74%), nerve pain(2.81%), retropubic hematoma(1.41%), urethral injury(1.41%).All patients′surgeries were successful except three cases.One patient was cured after reoperation .The other two was improved with dislodge sling urinary incontinence . Conclusion TVT/TVT-O was a highly effective and safe method in the treatment of SUI .But we should not ignore the complications;the timely and effective treatment measures could improve the operation rate of success .

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Progress in the application of objective structured clinical examination in cultivating and evaluating of nurs-ing clinical competency

Wenhua JING ; Xueshun CHEN

Journal of Medical Postgraduates.2015;(6):670-672.

How to cultivate and evaluate the nursing students′clinical competency is an important part of the process of higher nursing education .Objective structured clinical examination is regarded as an effective assessment method to evaluate the clinical com -petency of medical students .However , it is still at the initial stage in the nursing education in China .This article presents an overview on the design of nursing objective structured clinical examination , the present application of objective structured clinical examination in cultivating and evaluating the nursing clinical competency and the effectiveness of objective structured clinical examination .

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Advances research in chromatin DNaseⅠhypersensitive sites and its transcriptional regulation function

Wenqi YU ; Yamei WANG

Journal of Medical Postgraduates.2015;(6):666-669.

DNaseⅠhypersensitive sites (DHSs) are regions of extreme chromatin which is highly sensitive to DNaseⅠ.Ge-nome-wide mapping DHSs is a powerful method for identifying many different types of regulatory elements within nuclear chromatin .It can help systematically resolve gene and genomic information , and the dynamic molecular mechanism of transcriptional regulation .This paper reviews the distribution of DHSs , the technology of DNase-seq and the research progress in transcriptional regulation functions of DHSs.

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Recent progress of RAGE in sepsis induced by intra-abdominal infection

Yannian LIAO ; Qian HUANG ; Jieshou LI

Journal of Medical Postgraduates.2015;(6):656-660.

Sepsis caused by complicated intra-abdominal infection has a poor prognosis since the mechanism of sepsis has not been fully clarified .Research about the effect of Receptor of Advanced Glycation Endproducts on sepsis was paid extensive attention . In this paper , the construction and function of RAGE , the relationship between RAGE and inflammation and action of RAGE during sepsis are summarized .

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Progress of myocardial T1 mapping technique and clinical applications

Li QI ; Longjiang ZHNG ; Guangming LU

Journal of Medical Postgraduates.2015;(6):650-655.

T1 mapping is a new magnetic resonance imaging technique .By which the longitudinal relaxation time constant ( T1) of the myocardium can be measured to detect and quantitatively assess various focal or diffuse diseases .T1 mapping has various scan sequences , such as LL sequence , MOLLI sequence and ShMOLLI sequence .T1 mapping can be classified into two groups:pre--contrast and post-contrast T1 mapping.In addition, by measuring post-contrast T1 mapping and pre-contrast T1 mapping, myocardial extra-cellular volume (ECV) can be derived, which has been applied to assess myocardial edema and myocardial fibrosis with great clinical value .This review focuses on the techniques , methods and clinical application of cardiac magnetic resonance T 1 mapping technology .

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Lymphangiogenesis and lymphatic vessel remodelling in cancer

Peng LI ; Yi SHEN

Journal of Medical Postgraduates.2015;(6):646-649.

It is well known that the tumor mainly transfers through the lymphatic vessels of the tumor .The current studies main-ly focus on the mechanism of metastasis , hoping to uncover the lymph node metastasis through investigating generation of lymphatic ves -sels and remodeling of tumor lymphatic vessels .Lymph node metastasis is directly related to and prognosis and the quality of life of cancer patients , and how to block the corresponding signaling pathways to prevent tumor lymphangiogenesis becomes the research fo -cus.This paper reviews the lymphangiogenesis and lymphatic vessel remodeling .

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Isolation and identification of placental exosomes from maternal serum

Yujing LI ; Zhenyu DIAO ; Pingping XUE ; Li SHEN ; Ping GONG ; Guijun YAN ; Yali HU

Journal of Medical Postgraduates.2015;(6):632-636.

Objective During pregnancy , exosomes can be released from the placenta into maternal circulation and play im-portant roles in normal pregnancy or placenta-related diseases .We aimed to establish a simple and efficient method for isolating and i-dentifying placental exosomes from maternal serum and lay a foundation for the studies of pregnancy -related diseases . Methods Using sucrose gradient centrifugation with 8% PEG6000 precipitation twice , we isolated and purified placenta-derived exosomes from normal maternal serum and detected their molecular markers CD 63 , CD81 and PLAP by Western blot , followed by silver staining anal-ysis of the protein profile of the exosome pellet .We identified the morphology of the placenta-derived exosomes by transmission electron microscopy ( TEM) and measured the size and distribution of the particles by dynamic light scattering ( DLS) . Results Silver stai-ning of the protein profiles of the exosomes after sucrose gradient centrifugation clearly revealed the bands of the protein molecules . Western blot showed the expressions of CD 63, CD81, and PLAP in the 21-34%density layer, which demonstrated the presence of serum placental exosomes mainly in the 1.09-1.16 g/mL density layer.TEM exhibited that the placenta-derived exosomes were round or oval cup-shaped, specifically expressing PLAP, and the particles were uniform in size, with a mean diameter of (41.79 ±11.94) nm. Conclusion A simple, fast, and efficient method was successfully established for isolating placenta-derived exosomes from ma-ternal serum, which provides a basis for studying the roles of placental exosomes in normal pregnancy and placenta -related diseases.

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Meta-analysis of enteral nutritional support for pressure ulcer prevention

Qixia JIANG ; Yanxia GUO ; Shizheng DU ; Jiandong WANG ; Yuhong ZHANG

Journal of Medical Postgraduates.2015;(6):625-631.

Objective Nutrition becomes a focus to professionals as an important factor during the development of pressure ulcers.However, there is no evidence for the effectiveness of eternal nutrition support for pressure ulcer prevention .This research aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of eternal nutrition support for pressure ulcer prevention and provide evidence for patients with the risk of pressure ulcer . Methods Key words such as pressure ulcer prevention,eternal nutritional supportwere used to search information in the Cochrane Library , JBI Database of Systematic Reviews , MEDLINE, Web of Science, EMbase, CBMdisc, CNKI and Wanfang Database to collect randomized controlled trials (RCTs).The quality of RCTs was critically appraised and data were extracted by 3 reviewers independently .Meta-analyses were conducted for the eligible RCTs using RevMan 5.0 software, and Stata12.0 software was applied to detect bias or sensitivity analysis to determine the source of heterogeneity if necessary . Results 7 RCTs were includ-ed, among which 1 RCT was excluded by sensitivity analysis .6 RCTs ( n=1553 ) were finally included for meta analysis ( n=728 in trail group, n=825 in control group), and all the patients were given oral nutrition support for 7days to 26 weeks.The results showed that the ulcer incidence in the intervention group reduced by 16%in comparison to the control group (P=0.006).The protein and energy intake in intervention group were higher than those in control group , and the length of stay in hospital was shortened by 16 days. No significant difference was found in the albumin values . Conclusion The enteric nutrition support can reduce the incidence of pressure ulcer obviously with the highest level of evidence , IA .

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