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Application of MRI diffusion tensor imaging on diagnosis of traumatic brain injury

Bocheng WANG ; Mei LI ; Lizhong WU ; Xiaolong DING ; Xueyuan LI

Journal of Shanghai Jiaotong University(Medical Science).2009;29(12):1491-1494.

Objective To evaluate the value of MRI diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) on diagnosis of traumatic brain injury(TBI). Methods Twenty two patients with TBI 1 to 7 days post-injury and 14 healthy controls were studied with DTI and conventional MRI. The fractional anisotropy (FA) was quantified from different regions of interest (ROI) including the genu of corpus callosum (CC), the splenium of CC, the genu of internal capsule (IC) and the posterior limb of IC bilaterally. The FA value of the same ROI was compared between TBI group and control group, and FA value of the lesion side was compared with the mirror healthy side in TBI group. Correlations between the FA and Glasgow coma scale (GCS) in TBI patients were analyzed with Pearson linear correlation. Results Compared with control group, the FA value decreased significantly in each ROI (P<0.01). Compared with the healthy side, FA value was also significantly lower in lesion side in TBI group (P<0.01). The FA value in all the sites were not correlated with GCS in TBI group (P>0.01).Conclusion DTI is sensitive for detecting the acute traumatic injury of white matter and evaluate the degree of injury. It offers the possibility to diagnose TBI earlier and accurately.

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Effects and mechanism of Fructus lycii on renal calcium oxalate stone formation in rats

Shiqing ZHANG ; Jiantao LI ; Xin GU ; Wenfeng LI ; Wuxing DONG

Journal of Shanghai Jiaotong University(Medical Science).2009;29(12):1477-1481.

Objective To investigate the effects and possible mechanism of Fructus lycii on renal calcium oxalate stone formation in rats. Methods Wistar rats were divided into several groups according to different stone inducer (cigarette smoking, ethylene glycol solution drinking or combination of both), either Fructus lycii infusion interference or not and different interfering concentrations (10% and 25%). Besides, a blank control group was set. After treatment for 40 d, 24 h urine was collected, and renal tissue samples were obtained. The concentrations of calcium, oxalate and citric acid in urine were measured. The deposit condition of calcium oxalate crystals in nephric tubules was observed and scored. The levels of malondialdehyde (MDA) and activity of total-superoxide dismutase (T-SOD) in renal tissues were detected. Apoptosis cells in kidney were observed with TUNEL staining, and index of apoptosis was calculated. Results Compared with blank control group, the urine calcium concentration in group of combination of cigarette smoking and ethylene glycol solution drinking were significantly higher (P<0.01), the scores of calcium oxalate crystals in renal tubules, the levels of MDA in renal tissues and the index of apoptosis of renal tubule epithelial cells in groups of ethylene glycol solution drinking and combination with smoking were higher, while the concentrations of citric acid in urine and activity of T-SOD in renal tissues were lower. Ten percent and 25% Fructus lycii infusion significantly decreased the urine concentrations of calcium in group of combination of cigarette smoking and ethylene glycol solution drinking (P<0.01), decreased the scores of calcium oxalate crystals in renal tubules, the levels of MDA in renal tissues and the index of apoptosis of renal tubule epithelial cells in groups of ethylene glycol solution drinking and combination with smoking, and increased the concentrations of citric acid in urine and activity of T-SOD in renal tissues. There was no significant dose-effect relationship between two concentrations of Fructus lycii infusion. Conclusion Fructus lycii infusion can effectively inhibit the formation of renal calcium oxalate stone in rats with smoking and/or ethylene glycol drinking by reducing the free radicals and apoptosis of renal tissue, decreasing the concentration of elements for stone formation and increasing the concentration of elements for inhibition of stone formation in urine.

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Preventive effects of calcium antagonist on injury of renal tubular epithelial cells induced by hyperoxaluria

Wenfeng LI ; Shiqing ZHANG

Journal of Shanghai Jiaotong University(Medical Science).2009;29(12):1474-1476.

Objective To investigate the effects of hyperoxaluria on rat renal tubular epithelium intracellular calcium concentration ([Ca~(2+)]i) and cell apoptosis, and explore the protective effects of calcium antagonist-nifedipine. Methods Sixty male SD rats were randomly divided into six groups (n=10). Rats in water-drinking group were treated with deionized water, nifedipine group with deionized water and nifedipine 10 mg·kg~(-1)·d~(-1), calculi-induced group with deionized water containing 1% ethylene glycol, and three calculi-induced+nifedipine-intervening groups with deionized water containing 1% ethylene glycol plus nifedipine 3, 6 and 10 mg·kg~(-1)·d~(-1), respectively. Four weeks later, the 24 h oxaluria concentration was measured, the apoptosis index of renal tubular epithelial cells was detected with TUNEL method, and Ca~(2+) fluorescence intensity of cells of renal proximal tubules was determined by flow cytometry using Fluo-3/AM staining. Results The 24 h oxaluria concentrations in calculi-induced group and calculi-induced+nifedipine-intervening groups were higher than those in water-drinking group and nifedipine group (P＜0.01). The apoptosis index and Ca~(2+) fluorescence intensity were significantly higher in calculi-induced group than those in water-drinking group (P<0.01). The Ca~(2+) fluorescence intensity in calculi-induced+nifedipine (3, 6 and 10 mg·kg~(-1)·d~(-1))-intervening groups was 76.7%, 62.7% and 56.4% of calculi-induced group, respectively, with a significant dose-effect relationship (r=0.839, P<0.01). The apoptosis index of renal tubular epithelial cells was significantly correlated with Ca~(2+) fluorescence intensity (r=0.826, P<0.01). Conclusion Hyperoxaluria can increase apoptosis and [Ca~(2+)]i concentration of renal tubular epithelial cells in rats, and nifedipine can effectively protect renal tubular epithelial cells to resist hyperoxaluria.

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In vitro oxalate-degrading ability of 10 strains of lactic acid bacteria for yoghourt fermentation

Shutian ZHAO ; Shiqing ZHANG ; Xin GU ; Jiantao LI

Journal of Shanghai Jiaotong University(Medical Science).2009;29(12):1463-1466.

Objective To investigate the oxalate-degrading abilities of 10 strains of lactic acid bacteria for yoghourt fermentation. Methods Ten different strains of lactic acid bacteria (L.acidophilus, L.paracasei, Enterococcaceae faecium, B. lactis, B. adolescentis, B. infantis, B.longum, Lactococcus lactis subsp. Cremori, L.bulgaricus and S. thermophilus) were cultured separately in culture fluid containing 5 mmol/L oxalate. Seventy-two hours after culture, the concentrations of oxalate and lactic acid bacteria were detected. Besides, blank control cultured without lactic acid bacteria was established. Results Seventy-two hours after culture, the concentrations of all the 10 strains of lactic acid bacteria were significantly higher than those before culture (P<0.01). Compared with blank control, the concentrations of oxalate in the culture fluid with 10 strains of lactic acid bacteria decreased 72 h after culture, and were significantly different from those before culture for L.acidophilus, Lactococcus lactis subsp. Cremori, B.longum, B. adolescentis and B. lactis (P<0.05 or P<0.01). The oxalate-degrading rate of B. lactis was the highest (29.03%), and that of Enterococcaceae faecium was the lowest (0.23%). The correlation analysis revealed that there was no significant correlation between times of proliferation and oxalate-degrading rates (r=0.435 7, P=0.208 2). Conclusion All of the 10 strains of lactic acid bacteria for yoghourt fermentation have the ability of oxalate degrading, and there is no correlation between lactic acid bacteria proliferation and oxalate degradation.

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Expression of STAT3, pSTAT3, VEGF and bFGF in tissues of nonsmall-cell lung cancer

Jiongyi WANG ; Bin JIANG ; Feng LIU ; Wenying ZHANG

Journal of Shanghai Jiaotong University(Medical Science).2009;29(12):1450-1454.

Objective To investigate the expression of signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (STAT3), phosphorylated STAT3 (pSTAT3), vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and basic fibroblast growth factor (bFGF) in tissues of nonsmall-cell lung cancer (NSCLC) and their relationship. Methods The expression of STAT3, pSTAT3, VEGF and bFGF in tissues of 68 cases of NSCLC and lung tissues of 27 normal cases were detected by immunohistochemistry methods, and their relationship with clinicopathological features was analyzed. Results The expression of STAT3,pSTAT3, VEGF and bFGF in tissues of NSCLC was significantly higher than that in normal lung tissues (P＜0.05). There was positive correlationship among pSTAT3,VEGF and bFGF in tissues of NSCLC (P＜0.05). The expression of STAT3 and pSTAT3 in NSCLC with poor differentiation was higher than that in NSCLC with high or moderate differentiation, the expression in NSCLC at TNM Ⅲ+Ⅳ stage was higher than that in NSCLC at TNMⅠ+Ⅱ stage, and the expression in NSCLC with lymph node metastasis was higher than that in NSCLC without lymph node metastasis(P<0.05). The expression of VEGF and bFGF in NSCLC at TNM Ⅲ+Ⅳ stage was higher than that in NSCLC at TNMⅠ+Ⅱ stage (P<0.05), and the expression of bFGF in NSCLC with lymph node metastasis was higher than that in NSCLC without lymph node metastasis (P<0.05). Conclusion STAT3,pSTAT3,VEGF and bFGF are highly expressed in NSCLC, and are involved in tumor metastasis and invasion.

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Experimental study of diffusion weighted imaging in diagnosis of diffuse axonal injury

Zhixin DUAN ; Hongcai WANG ; Fangfang WU ; Yuyun XU ; Hong ZHANG ; Yanbin MA

Journal of Shanghai Jiaotong University(Medical Science).2009;29(12):1439-1442.

Objective To observe the changes of diffusion weighted imaging (DWI) after diffuse axonal injury (DAI) in rats. Methods Models of various degrees of DAI (mild, moderate and severe) were established in 135 SD rats by Marmarou method, and MRI examinations were performed 4, 8 and 24 h after injury. Another 8 rats were served as control group. The findings of MRI were analysed, and the apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) values were compared among each group. Results No clear traumatic lesion was found from MRI in rats after injury. Four hours after injury, ADC values decreased in each DAI group, and there were significant differences between moderate DAI group and control group, and between severe DAI group and control group (P<0.05). Eight hours after injury, ADC values increased in each DAI group, and there was no significant difference between DAI groups and control group (P>0.05). There were significant differences in ADC values between 8 h after injury and 4 h after injury in severe DAI group (P<0.05), while there was no significant difference in moderate and mild DAI groups (P>0.05). Twenty-four hours after injury, ADC values continuously increased, especially in severe trauma group. Conclusion ADC values may reveal traumatic changes that can not be demonstrated by MRI. ADC values decrease in acute phase of DAI in rats, then increased, and the degree of variation may be related to the severity of DAI.

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Effects of berberine on cholesterol efflux in THP-1 macrophage derived foam cells

Xiaoyan LIU ; Shimin YAN ; Hui GONG ; Xiuli ZHAO ; Fengling CHEN

Journal of Shanghai Jiaotong University(Medical Science).2009;29(12):1415-1418.

Objective To investigate the effects of berberine on cholesterol efflux in THP-1 macrophage derived foam cells, and explore the possible mechanism. Methods HP-1 cells were induced into macrophages by phorbol myristate acetate (PMA), and were treated with acetylated low-density lipoprotein (Ac-LDL) to establish the THP-1 macrophage derived foam cell models. Foam cells were divided into blank control group and berberine (5 to 20 μmol/L) treatment groups according to the way of treatment and berberine concentrations. After treatment for 24 h, flow cytometry was employed to detect AcLDL aggregation, enzymic method was adopted to detect contents of cholesterol and triglyceride, scintillation counting technique was used to detect cholesterol efflux, and effects of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-γ (PPARγ) antagonist GW9662 pretreatment on cholesterol efflux (pioglitazone as positive control) were analysed. Besides, RT-PCR was applied to detect expression of liver X receptor α (LXRα) and ATP binding cassette transporter A1 (ABCA1) mRNA. ResultsCompared with blank control group, AcLDL aggregation and contents of cholesterol and triglyceride of foam cells in various berberine treatment groups decreased significantly (P＜0.01), while cholesterol efflux increased (P＜0.01) in a dose-dependent manner. After GW9662 pretreatment, there was no significant difference in cholesterol efflux between various berberine treatment groups and control group (P>0.05). Furthermore, expression of LXRα and ABCA1 mRNA of foam cells in various berberine treatment groups was higher than that in blank control group. Conclusion Berberine may increase cholesterol efflux in THP-1 macrophage derived foam cells, the mechanism of which may be associated with activation of PPARγ pathway and increase of expression of LXRα and ABCA1 mRNA.

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Degradation of dicalcium phosphate dihydrate-coated Mg-Zn alloy and bone formation in vivo

Hairong TAO ; Jianhua GU ; Yaohua HE ; Yan ZHANG ; Shaoxiang ZHANG ; Yang SONG ; Jianan LI ; Changli ZHAO ; Yao JIANG ; Xiaonong ZHANG

Journal of Shanghai Jiaotong University(Medical Science).2009;29(12):1410-1414.

Objective To investigate the degradation of dicalcium phosphate dehydrate-coated Mg-Zn alloy in vivo and bone formation. Methods Left femoral condyles were drilled in 72 New Zealand rabbits, and were randomly divided into experiment group (n＝24, implanted with dicalcium phosphate dehydrate-coated Mg-Zn alloy rods), Mg-Zn alloy control group (n＝24, implanted with Mg-Zn alloy rods) and poly-L-lactide acid rod group (n＝24, implanted with poly-L-lactide acid rods). Serum concentrations of Mg~(2+) were examined 1 d pre-operation, and 1 d, 1 week, 2 weeks, 5 weeks and 10 weeks post-operation in experiment group and Mg-Zn alloy control group. Operation sites were examined by X-rays at 3, 6, 12 and 18 weeks post-operation. After X-ray examination at each time point, 6 rabbits in each group were sacrificed, and subjected to histopathological observation of live and kidney tissues by HE staining. Tissues from condyles of femur were observed by HE staining and 2, 4, 6-trinitrophenol rosein staining, and mineral apposition rate of bone was calculated. Results There was no significant difference in the concentrations of serum Mg~(2+) at each time point between Mg-Zn alloy control group and experiment group (P>0.05). X-ray examination revealed gas emerged near the implants 3 weeks after surgery in Mg-Zn alloy control group. However, there was no obvious histological abnormality in liver and kidney tissues. The mineral apposition rate was higher and the degradation of material was lower in experiment group than those in the other two groups. Conclusion Dicalcium phosphate dehydrate-coated Mg-Zn alloy has a favourable biocompatibility, and degrades more slowly in vivo.

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Photochemical tissue bonding in tissue repair

Min YAO ; Ying WANG

Journal of Shanghai Jiaotong University(Medical Science).2009;29(12):1407-1409.

Suture was a traditional method for tissue repair. However, sutures used in the closure of surgical wounds can induce inflammation and lead to scarring that appears as crosshatch marks. Threads used for sutures may cause immune response and surgical infection. In this review, we introduce a novel sutureless technique for wound repair, called photochemical tissue bonding (PTB). Absorption of visible light by a photosensitizing dye initiates photochemical reactions leading to covalent protein-protein crosslinks that bridge the wound surfaces, thus producing an immediate seal between the wound surfaces. This technique has been applied in various tissues including skin, cornea, nerve, blood vessels, et al. PTB reduces inflammation resulting in less scarring in skin. PTB dramatically improves the incidences of vascular anastomotic leakage and stricture. In addition, PTB enhances the recovery of nerve function after nerve repair.

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Effect of mesenchymal stem cells on subcutaneous xenograft tumors in mice with Lewis lung cancer

Feng LIU ; Bin JIANG ; Wenying ZHANG ; Meiling WANG ; Haihua YUAN ; Xiaohua HU ; Jiongyi WANG ; Yufang GONG ; Shengji GONG

Journal of Shanghai Jiaotong University(Medical Science).2009;29(12):1428-1430.

Objective To investigate the effect of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) on subcutaneous xenograft tumors in mice with Lewis lung cancer. Methods MSCs isolated from bone marrow of C57BL/6 mice were made into single cell suspension and were cultured in vitro. The cells of the 4th to 5th passage were used for the subsequent experiments. Fifty six C57BL/6 mice were inoculated subcutaneously with Lewis lung cancer cells, and were grouped into Group D0 (MSCs were given simultaneously with inoculation)and Group D10(MSCs were given 10 d after inoculation). Group D0 included three subgroups (n=8): Group 1 with inoculation of tumor cells, Group 2 with inoculation of tumor cells and MSCs, and Group 3 with inoculation of tumor cells and tail intravenous injection of MSCs. Group D10 included four groups: Group 4 with inoculation of tumor cells and injection of MSCs in tumors, Group 5 with equivalent PBS (the control of Group 4), Group 6 with inoculation of tumor cells and tail intravenous injection of MSCs, and Group 7 with equivalent PBS (the control of Group 6). The time of tumor formation and the volume of tumor were observed and compared among the groups. ResultsIn Group D0, earlier onset of tumor development was observed in Group 2 as compared to Group 1 and Group 3 (P<0.05), while there was no significant difference on the volume of tumor in the three groups (P>0.05). In Group D10, the volume of tumors were larger in Group 4 compared to the control (P<0.05), while there was no significant difference on the volume of tumors between Group 6 and the control (P>0.05). Conclusion Inoculating mixture of MSCs and Lewis lung cancer cells accelerates tumor formation,and injection of MSCs in tumors stimulates the growth of tumors.

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