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Effects of Residual Aluminium in Drinking Water on Water Sanitary Quality and its Potential Risk

Journal of Environment and Health.2000;17(6):381-383.

The residual aluminium was seldomly determined in drinking water treated by polyaluminium chloride(PAC). With the widespread application of polyaluminium chloride to water coagulation,it was possible that the overintake of aluminium could result in some adverse consequences for human and their living environment. Based on themechanism of water coagulativone of PAC,the compound formation of aluminium existing in drinking water,the regularity of the variation of the levels of residual aluminium with the pH value and its relative environmental and biological effects were introduced in details. The relative factors effecting the levels of residual aluminium in drinkingwater and the objective necessity of closely monitoring the variation of the residual aluminium in drinking water wereanalysed in the article.

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Experiment of Detecting Total Dissolved Solids in Drinking Water Using Conical Flask Method

Yingu ZHOU

Journal of Environment and Health.2000;17(6):366-367.

[Objective] To explor the possibility of application of conical flask as an evaperation vessel in detecting the content of total dissolved solids in drinking water. [Methods]The conical flask was placed on a electric stoveto dry, and in electric oven to bake until the weight of conical flask was constant, at temperature of 180±3℃, andthen was used to detect the total dissolved solids in drinking water. The comparison between conical flask methodand National Standard Method was made. [Results] The levels of total dissolved solids obtained according to conical-flask method and National Standard Method revealed no significaut differences (P＞0.5). [Conclusion] The detection of total dissolved solids in drinking water by conical flask method was rapid, accurate and practicabel.

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Determination 0f Residual Amount of 8 Kinds of Pesticide in Environmental Water by High Performance LiquidChromatography

Wei XU

Journal of Environment and Health.2000;17(6):362-363.

Inthis assay，6 kinds of organophosphorus pesticide and 2 kindsof carbamate pesticide were simultaneously seperatedon chromatographic Nova-Pak C18 column by mobile phase of mixtureof methanol：water 75：25in volume，and determined with double-wavelength detector at 250nm and 280nm within 6 minutes.This methodwas simply satisfactaryly applied in determination of pesticides in environmental water samples，with high sensitivity.

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Two Rapid Ana1ysis Methods of BOD5

Yabin SHI ; Houying WU ; Shu LONG

Journal of Environment and Health.2000;17(6):359-361.

Biochemical oxygen demand of 5 days (BOD 5) was a very important parameter of monitoring ofwater quality. The classical method presented some shortcomings,such as complexity, long period, requirementof high technology and not promptly reflecting the pollution levels of water body, so it was of no significance fortreatment of industrial waste water. In this paper, two rapid methods for determination of BODs, raising incubation temperature and correlative estimation method, were introduced and their advantages, such as short period and simplicity of operation were verified by experiments. Modification of classical method was of certain instructive significance for the practical application to treatment of industrial waste water and forecast of pollutionlevels of water body.

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Study on the Stability of Impact Assay for Detection of Microorganism of Indoor Air

Yan LI

Journal of Environment and Health.2000;17(6):358-359.

To explore the stability of impact assay for determination of microorganism in indoor air, the comparisons of continued sampling times of 2-minute and 4-minute for monitoring on microorganism of indoor air were carried out with JWL- Ⅱ B multifunctiom air microorganison monitor in 11 hotels, public places of entertainment, barbar shops and beauty shops. The results showed that, under a same environmental condition, there was no significant differences between the data obtained by 2-minute monitoring and 4-minute monitoring (t=1.854, P＞0.05).It indicated that impact assay presented very good stability in detecting the microorganism of indoor air within certaindetecting duration.

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Comparative Study on Lead Exposure Among Children in Urban and Rural Area After Application of Lead-free Gaso-line

Dong YUAN ; Xiaohui XU ; Shunhua YE

Journal of Environment and Health.2000;17(6):351-354.

[Objective]To understand the changes of children's blood lead levels and intelligence quotient (IQ) andthe effects of automobile exhaust on the prevelance rates of respiratory symptoms of children. [Methods] 151 pupilsof Y primary school in urban area were selected as exposure group, 160 pupils of Z primary school in Pudong districtwere selected as control group. The health questionaire survey and health examination were carried out amongpupils. The peripheral blood lead levels of the forth finger were determined. The IQ was determined by combinedRaven's Test. The data were statistically analzed by EPI Info and SAS statistic softwares. [Results] Significant differ-ences of blood lead levels were observed between exposure group and control group. The blood lead levels (x) negatively correlated with children's IQ (y) (y= 120. 11--0. 129x) . The prevelance rates of sore and uncomfortable feelings and foreign body sensation in throat and cough of exposure group were significantly higher than those in controlgroup. The ORs of corresponding symptoms were 1.71, 2, 64 and 2. 92 respectively. The multiple linear regressionanalysis showed that exposure to automobile exhaust and the distances from the residential region to street with heavytraffic were the main factors affecting the children's peripheral blood lead levels and the prevelance of respiratorysymptoms. [Conclusion] Further control of the emission of automobile exhaust and reasonable planning of location ofresidential areas were the main measures to control the prevelance of lead poisoning and its related diseases of children.

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Priliminary Study on Chlorite Pollution of Drinking Water Disinfected by Chlorine Dioxide

Xiaoping SHI ; Minghao ZHOU

Journal of Environment and Health.2000;17(6):341-342.

[Objective] To explore the status of chlorite pollution in drinking water due to chlorine dioxide , aswell as its causes and counter measures. [Methods]A water plant collecting surface water as raw water slightly pol-luted by organic compounds and B water plant collecting ground water without organic compounds pollution wereselected as observed objectives. Chlorine dioxide generators were used in both of A and B water plants, their rawmaterials was chlorite for A plant and chlorate for B plant. The levels of chlorite in treated water from these twowater plants were determined by amperometric titration. [Results]The levels of chlorite in treated water of A waterplant ranged 0.530～0.760 mg/L, 2.6～3.8 times of the standard value, with a over standard rate of 100％, thelevels of B water plant range 0.257～0.733 mg/L, 1.3～3.7 times of the standard value, with a over standard rateof 83.3％. [Conclusion] The treated water of A and B water plants presented higher pollution by chlorite, the by-product of chlorine dioxide disinfection.

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Exploration of Methods for Testing Effectiveness of Indoor Air Purifying Sets

Kang ZHAO ; Zulu WANG ; Da DENG

Journal of Environment and Health.2000;17(6):338-340.

[Objective] To explore more scientific and reasonable methods for testing the effectiveness of indoorair purifying sets, so as to obtain scientific and constant experimental data from every laboratories. [Methods] Theindoor air purifying sets were classified on the basis of their working mechanisms. Several kinds of current popularmethods for testing the purifying effectiveness and their characters were compared each other and analyzed. The in-fluencing factors and limited conditions of 3 determining models under special conditions established on the basis ofbalance model of pollutants release were explored and studied. [Results] Several current popular methods for testingthe purifying effectiveness were crude, which couldn't accurately reflact the purifying effectiveness of tested indoorair purifying sets. To ensure the experimental operation simple and strict and to obtain scientific testing data, the ex-perimental process should be controlled and transfered to a model suitable for simple volatile matter or other modelseasily operated under the control of its influencing factors. [Conclusion]The establishments of accurate testing meth-ods and accurate expressions of testing results were the sufficient and essential conditions for accurate evaluation ontesting objectives.

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Effectsof Mycocide and Insecticide on Indoor Air Quality in Archiver

Guolin WAN ; Jian CHEN ; Weimin GAN

Journal of Environment and Health.2000;17(6):336-337.

[Objective] To explore the effects of mycocide and insecticide on indoor air quality in archives.[Methocls] The levels of camphor, formaldehyde and 2, 2-dichlorovinyldimethyl phosphate (DDVP) in indoor airwere determined in 17 archives. [Results] The average concentration of camphor in indoor air was 1.00mg/L inarchives applying synthetic camphor, 0.74 mg/m3 in archives applying commercialized mycocide (the main compo-nents were synthetic camphor and pyrethrin ), and 0.14 mg/m3, applying natural camphor. The concentrations offormaldehyde reached 0.297 mg/m3 at the 10th day after the co-fumigation by formaldehyde and DDVP. At thesametime, DDVP was not found in indoor air of archives.[Conclusion]The pollution of formaldehyde and camphorin indoor air of archives should be paid more attention to.

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Residues and Analysis Methods of Phthalate Esters Plastificator in Plastics of Vinyl Chloride

Peng WANG

Journal of Environment and Health.1992;0(04):-.

Residues and analysis methods of phthalate esters plastificator in various plastics of vinyl chloride are presented,and the wide-use and high environment burden of these chemicals is indicated.The categories and toxicity of phthalate esters that might have the effects of environmental endocrine-disrupting chemicals are introduced.It is shown by the current studies that the effects of these chemicals on laboratory animals were focused on procreation toxicity such as spermaduct atrophy and ovulation clog,etc.It is suggested that more investigation of these chemicalspotential toxicity should be made and preventive measures should be taken promptly.

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