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Unilateral cryptorchidism induces morphological changes of testes and hyperplasia of Sertoli cells in a dog.

Joon Ho MOON ; Dae Young YOO ; Young Kwang JO ; Geon A KIM ; Hyo Young JUNG ; Jung Hoon CHOI ; In Koo HWANG ; Goo JANG

Laboratory Animal Research.2014;30(4):185-189. doi:10.5625/lar.2014.30.4.185

Cryptorchidism is one of the most common genital defects in dogs. This study investigated the effects of abdominal cryptorchidism on morphology, cell proliferation, and Sertoli cell condition in a dog with spontaneous unilateral cryptorchidism. Elective orchidectomy was performed on the abdominal right testis and the scrotal left testis. Significant reductions in numbers of spermatogonia, spermatocytes, and spermatids were observed in hematoxylin and eosin stained sections of the cryptorchid testis. The size of the epididymal duct was smaller than that of the control testis. Based on Ki67 immunohistochemistry, the proliferative activity of spermatogonia and spermatocytes was significantly decreased in the cryptorchid testis. However, proliferative activity was increased in the epididymal duct. Based on GATA-4 immunohistochemistry, Sertoli cells were relatively resistant to cryptorchidism, and the proliferative activity of Sertoli cells was markedly increased in the cryptorchid testis than in the control testis. These results suggest that spontaneous unilateral cryptorchidism causes morphological defects in spermatogonia and spermatocytes in the testis and changes the size of the efferent ductule of the epididymis. In addition, spontaneous unilateral cryptorchidism increases proliferative activity of Sertoli cells, which may be a predisposing factor for Sertoli cell cancer in cryptorchid testes.
Animals ; Causality ; Cell Proliferation ; Cryptorchidism* ; Dogs* ; Eosine Yellowish-(YS) ; Epididymis ; Hematoxylin ; Hyperplasia* ; Immunohistochemistry ; Male ; Orchiectomy ; Seminiferous Tubules ; Sertoli Cells* ; Spermatids ; Spermatocytes ; Spermatogonia ; Testis*

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Suppurative bite wound by repetitive aggression of dominance hierarchy during group housing in rhesus monkeys.

Yunjung CHOI ; Kyung Ha AHN ; Jae Il LEE

Laboratory Animal Research.2014;30(4):181-184. doi:10.5625/lar.2014.30.4.181

Group formation of rhesus monkeys, often leads to victims of repeated attacks by the high ranking animal. We reported a case of an injured middle ranking monkey from repetitive and persistent aggression. 4-male rhesus group was formed by a rapid group formation strategy 2 years ago. One monkey in the group suddenly showed depressive and reluctant movement. Physical examination revealed multiple bite wounds and scars in the dorsal skin. Overall increased opacity of the dorsal soft tissue and some free air was observed on radiographic examination. An unidentified anaerobic gram negative bacillus was isolated from the bacterial culture. Reconstructive surgery was performed and in consequence, the wound was clearly reconstructed one week later. Eventually, the afflicted monkey was separated and housed apart from the hierarchical group. This case report indicate that group formation in rhesus monkeys is essentially required sufficient time and stages, as well as more attention and a progressive contact program to reduce animal stress and fatal accidents.
Aggression* ; Animals ; Bacillus ; Cicatrix ; Haplorhini ; Housing* ; Macaca mulatta* ; Physical Examination ; Skin ; Social Dominance* ; Wounds and Injuries*

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Protective effects of pine bark extract against cisplatin-induced hepatotoxicity and oxidative stress in rats.

Je Won KO ; In Chul LEE ; Sung Hyuk PARK ; Changjong MOON ; Seong Soo KANG ; Sung Ho KIM ; Jong Choon KIM

Laboratory Animal Research.2014;30(4):174-180. doi:10.5625/lar.2014.30.4.174

We investigated the protective effects of pine bark extract (pycnogenol(R), PYC) against cisplatin-induced hepatotoxicity and oxidative stress in rats. Twenty-four male rats were divided into the following four groups: (1) vehicle control, (2) cisplatin (7.5 mg/kg), (3) cisplatin & PYC 10 (10 mg/kg/day), and (4) cisplatin & PYC 20 (20 mg/kg/day). A single intraperitoneal injection of cisplatin induced hepatotoxicity, as evidenced by an increase in serum aminotransferase and histopathological alterations, including degeneration/necrosis of hepatocytes, vacuolation, and sinusoidal dilation. In addition, an increase in the malondialdehyde (MDA) concentration and a decrease in the reduced glutathione (GSH) content and catalase (CAT), superoxide dismutase (SOD), and glutathione S-transferase (GST) activities were observed in the cisplatin-treated rat hepatic tissues. In contrast, PYC treatment effectively prevented cisplatin-induced hepatotoxicity, including the elevation of aminotransferase and histopathological lesions, in a dosedependent manner. Moreover, PYC treatment also induced antioxidant activity by decreasing MDA level and increasing GSH content and SOD and GST activities in liver tissues. These results indicate that PYC has a protective effect against acute hepatotoxicity induced by cisplatin in rats, and that the protective effects of PYC may be due to inhibiting lipid peroxidation and increasing antioxidant activity.
Animals ; Catalase ; Cisplatin ; Glutathione ; Glutathione Transferase ; Hepatocytes ; Humans ; Injections, Intraperitoneal ; Lipid Peroxidation ; Liver ; Male ; Malondialdehyde ; Oxidative Stress* ; Rats* ; Superoxide Dismutase

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Anticoccidial effects of the root bark of Dictamnus dasycarpus Turcz extract on experimental Eimeria tenella infection.

Sunhwa HONG ; Hyun A LEE ; Dong Woo KIM ; Gi Wook OH ; Okjin KIM

Laboratory Animal Research.2014;30(4):169-173. doi:10.5625/lar.2014.30.4.169

Anticoccidial effects of the root bark of Dictamnus dasycarpus Turcz (Rutaceae) extract (DDE) were evaluated in chickens following oral infection with Eimeria (E.) tenella. Three-day-old chickens (n=30) were assigned to three groups (control, untreated, and DDE 0.1% treated). Chickens were fed a standard diet supplemented with or without DDE for 1 week prior to infection with E. tenella (10,000 sporulated oocysts per chicken). The effects of DDE on E. tenella infection were assessed by two parameters; fecal oocysts shedding and body weights gain. The DDE-fed chickens produced significantly reduced fecal oocysts (P<0.05) when compared to the E. tenella-infected group fed standard diet. Also, DDE-based diet, improved body weight loss caused by E. tenella infection. Our data demonstrated that DDE had remarkable anticoccidial activities against E. tenella. This finding might have implications for the development of anticoccidial drug. This study is the first to demonstrate anticoccidial effect of DDE on Eimeria parasites.
Body Weight ; Chickens ; Dichlorodiphenyl Dichloroethylene ; Dictamnus* ; Diet ; Eimeria ; Eimeria tenella* ; Oocysts ; Parasites ; Rutaceae

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Onion peel water extracts enhance immune status in forced swimming rat model.

Hyun A LEE ; Sang Jun HAN ; Sunhwa HONG ; Dong Woo KIM ; Gi Wook OH ; Okjin KIM

Laboratory Animal Research.2014;30(4):161-168. doi:10.5625/lar.2014.30.4.161

Onion peel contains a high concentration of quercetin and other flavonoids. In this study, the potential immune-enhancing effects of an onion peel water extract (OPE) supplement were investigated by the rat forced swimming test. OPE was prepared using hot water. Thirty-six male Sprague Dawley rats were fed a pellet diet for 1 week and were then randomly divided into six groups: normal control (NC), forced swimming control (FSC), positive control (quercetin 20 mg/kg), and three groups administered 4, 20, or 100 mg/kg of OPE. Oral drug administration was conducted daily for 4 weeks. All rats, except those of NC group, were forced to swim in water and were considered exhausted when they failed to rise to the water surface to breathe within a 7-s period. Blood lymphocyte counts, immune organ weights, histopathological analysis, and serum interferon (IFN)-gamma, tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-alpha, and interleukin (IL)-12 levels were determined. OPE-treated rats consumed more food and had an increased thymic cortex to medulla ratio than that observed in FSC group rats (P<0.05). The area of the white pulp in the spleens of OPE-treated group rats was increased compared with that in FSC group rats (P<0.05). Furthermore, blood lymphocyte numbers and IFN-gamma, TNF-alpha, and IL-12 concentrations were significantly higher in OPE-fed groups than in FSC group (P<0.05). These results suggest that an OPE supplement can improve the immune status by increasing the number of immune-related cells and specific cytokine levels.
Administration, Oral ; Animals ; Cytokines ; Diet ; Flavonoids ; Humans ; Interferons ; Interleukin-12 ; Interleukins ; Lymphocyte Count ; Male ; Models, Animal* ; Onions* ; Organ Size ; Physical Exertion ; Quercetin ; Rats ; Rats, Sprague-Dawley ; Spleen ; Swimming* ; Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha ; Water*

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Effects of pectin lyase-modified red ginseng extracts in high-fat diet-fed obese mice.

Hak Yong LEE ; Kwang Hyun PARK ; Young Mi PARK ; Dae In MOON ; Hong Geun OH ; Dae Young KWON ; Hye Jeong YANG ; Okjin KIM ; Dong Woo KIM ; Ji Hyun YOO ; Se Chul HONG ; Kun Hee LEE ; Su Yeon SEOL ; Yong Sik PARK ; Jong Dae PARK ; Mi Kyung PYO

Laboratory Animal Research.2014;30(4):151-160. doi:10.5625/lar.2014.30.4.151

Red ginseng and its extracts have been used as traditional medicines and functional foods in countries worldwide. The aim of this study was to examine the bioavailability of pectin lyase-modified red ginseng extracts (GS-E3D), and the effects of GS-E3D on adipogenesis of 3T3-L1 adipocytes, as well as on metabolic disorders such as hyperglycemia, dyslipidemia, and fatty liver in high-fat diet fed obese C57BL/6 mice. Mice were divided into 5 groups: normal diet group, high fat diet-vehicle group, high fat diet + 0.1 g/kg GS-E3D (0.1-GS-E3D), high fat diet + 0.3 g/kg (0.3-GS-E3D), high fat diet + 1.0 g/kg (1.0-GS-E3D). Treatment of GS-E3D reduced differentiation of 3T3-L1 adipocytes with low cytotoxicity. In the animal model, compared to the high fat diet control, serum glucose, total cholesterol, LDL-cholesterol, HDL-cholesterol, TG, and leptin level were reduced in treatment animals in a dose-dependent manner. In addition, we found that GS-E3D could decrease total hepatic lipid droplets. These results suggest that GS-E3D, as a dietary supplement, has beneficial effects on obesity and may have useful effects in health-care products.
Adipocytes ; Adipogenesis ; Animals ; Biological Availability ; Blood Glucose ; Cholesterol ; Diet ; Diet, High-Fat ; Dietary Supplements ; Dyslipidemias ; Fatty Liver ; Functional Food ; Hyperglycemia ; Leptin ; Mice ; Mice, Obese* ; Models, Animal ; Obesity ; Panax*

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Chemopreventive and chemotherapeutic effects of genistein, a soy isoflavone, upon cancer development and progression in preclinical animal models.

Seung Hee KIM ; Cho Won KIM ; So Ye JEON ; Ryeo Eun GO ; Kyung A HWANG ; Kyung Chul CHOI

Laboratory Animal Research.2014;30(4):143-150. doi:10.5625/lar.2014.30.4.143

Genistein is one of isoflavones mostly derived in a leguminous plant. It is well known as one of phytoestrogens that have structures similar to the principal mammalian estrogen. It has diverse biological functions including chemopreventive properties against cancers. Anticancer efficacies of genistein have been related with the epidemiological observations indicating that the incidence of some cancers is much lower in Asia, where diets are rich in soyfoods, than Western countries. This review deals with in vivo anticancer activities of genistein identified in animal studies being divided into its effects on carcinogenesis and cancer progression. Because animal studies have advantages in designing the experiments to suit the goals, they imply diverse information on the anticancer activity of genistein. The in vivo animal studies have adopted the specific animal models according to a developmental stage of cancer to prove the anticancer efficacies of genistein against diverse types of cancer. The numerous previous studies insist that genistein effectively inhibits carcinogenesis in the DMBA-induced animal cancer models by reducing the incidence of adenocarcinoma and cancer progression in the transgenic and xenograft animal models by suppressing the tumor growth and metastatic transition. Although the protective effect of genistein against cancer has been controversial, genistein may be a candidate for chemoprevention of carcinogenesis and cancer progression and may deserve to be the central compound supporting the epidemiological evidence.
Adenocarcinoma ; Animals ; Asia ; Carcinogenesis ; Chemoprevention ; Diet ; Estrogens ; Genistein* ; Heterografts ; Incidence ; Isoflavones ; Mice ; Mice, Transgenic ; Models, Animal* ; Phytoestrogens ; Plants

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Comparison of therapeutic responses to an anticancer drug in three stocks of ICR mice derived from three different sources.

Ji Eun SUNG ; Ji Eun KIM ; Hyun Ah LEE ; Woo Bin YUN ; Jun Young CHOI ; Mi Rim LEE ; Jin Ju PARK ; Hye Ryeong KIM ; Bo Ram SONG ; Young Suk JUNG ; Kil Soo KIM ; Dae Youn HWANG

Laboratory Animal Research.2017;33(2):187-194. doi:10.5625/lar.2017.33.2.187

Korl:ICR mice, established by the Korean National Institute of Food and Drug Safety Evaluation (NIFDS), are characterized based on their genetic variation, response to gastric injury, and response to constipation inducers. To compare the inhibitory responses of ICR stocks obtained from three different sources to the anticancer drug cisplatin (Cis), alterations in tumor volume, histopathological structure, and toxicity were examined in Sarcoma 180 tumor-bearing Korl:ICR, A:ICR (USA source), and B:ICR (Japan source) mice treated with low and high concentrations of Cis (L-Cis and H-Cis, respectively). Tumor size and volume were lower in H-Cis-treated mice than in L-Cis-treated mice in all three ICR stocks with no significant differences among stocks. There was a significant enhancement of the necrotizing areas in the histological structures in the L-Cis- and H-Cis-treated groups relative to that in the untreated group. The necrotizing area changes were similar in the Sarcoma 180 tumor-bearing Korl:ICR, A:ICR, and B:ICR mice. However, there were stock-bases differences in the serum biomarkers for liver and kidney toxic effects. In particular, the levels of AST, ALT and BUN increased differently in the three H-Cis-treated ICR stocks, whereas the levels of ALP and CRE were constant. Taken together, the results of the present study indicate that Korl:ICR, A:ICR, and B:ICR mice have similar overall inhibitory responses following Cis treatment of Sarcoma 180-derived solid tumors, although there were some differences in the magnitude of the toxic effects in the three ICR stocks.
Animals ; Biomarkers ; Cisplatin ; Constipation ; Genetic Variation ; Kidney ; Liver ; Mice ; Mice, Inbred ICR* ; Sarcoma ; Sarcoma 180 ; Tumor Burden

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Comparative study of fertilization rates of C57BL/6NKorl and C57BL/6N mice obtained from two other sources.

Woo Bin YUN ; Hye Ryeong KIM ; Ji Eun KIM ; Jun Young CHOI ; Mi Rim LEE ; Jin Ju PARK ; Bo Ram SONG ; Young Suk JUNG ; Hyun Keun SONG ; Joon Young CHO ; Kil Soo KIM ; Dae Youn HWANG

Laboratory Animal Research.2017;33(2):179-186. doi:10.5625/lar.2017.33.2.179

C57BL/6N is the most widely used inbred mouse strain applied in a wide variety of research areas including cancer, cardiovascular biology, developmental biology, diabetes and obesity, genetics, immunology, neurobiology, and sensorineural research. To compare the fertilization rates of C57BL/6NKorl mice with two commercial C57BL/6N stocks, differences in reproductive organ structures, sperm and egg numbers, fertilization rates, and embryo development rates among C57BL/6NKorl (Korea FDA source), C57BL/6NA (USA source), and C57BL/6NB (Japan source) mice were determined. Among the stocks, no significant differences were detected in organ weight and histological structure of male and female reproductive organs, although body weight was higher in C57BL/6NKorl mice than that in the other groups. The concentration and morphology of sperm and eggs in C57BL/6NKorl mice were similar to those of C57BL/6NA and C57BL/6NB mice. Furthermore, the three stocks had similar in vitro fertilization and embryo development rates, although these rates tended to be higher in C57BL/6NB mice. Pup body weight was higher in C57BL/6NKorl and C57BL/6NB mice than that in C57BL/6NA mice. The results of the present study suggest that C57BL/6NKorl, C57BL/6NA, and C57BL/6NB mice obtained from three different sources have similar fertilization and embryo development rates, although there were slight differences in the magnitude of their responses rates.
Allergy and Immunology ; Animals ; Biology ; Body Weight ; Developmental Biology ; Eggs ; Embryonic Development ; Female ; Fertilization in Vitro ; Fertilization* ; Genetics ; Humans ; Male ; Mice* ; Mice, Inbred Strains ; Neurobiology ; Obesity ; Organ Size ; Ovum ; Pregnancy ; Spermatozoa

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Erratum: Synergistic anti-inflammatory effects of Laminaria japonica fucoidan and Cistanche tubulosa extract.

Jangbeen KYUNG ; Dajeong KIM ; Dongsun PARK ; Yun Hui YANG ; Ehn Kyoung CHOI ; Sung Pyo LEE ; Tae Su KIM ; Yoon Bok LEE ; Yun Bae KIM

Laboratory Animal Research.2015;31(3):153-153. doi:10.5625/lar.2015.31.3.153

As the request of the authors, one paragraph has been changed.

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