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Expression and Significance of Duodenal Eosinophils in Patients with Functional Dyspepsia

Chinese Journal of Gastroenterology.2015;(5):314-316. doi:10.3969/j.issn.1008-7125.2015.05.014

Functional dyspepsia( FD)is a group of clinical syndromes presented as upper abdominal pain,epigastric burning sensation,postprandial fullness,satiety and other symptoms,but lack of organic disease causing these symptoms. Eosinophils( EOS)in gastrointestinal tract play an important role in preventing pathogen invasion and maintaining intestinal epithelial homeostasis. In recent years,many studies have shown a significant increase of duodenal EOS in patients with FD. This article reviewed the expression and significance of duodenal EOS in patients with FD.

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Relationship between Superoxide Dismutase and Gastric Cancer

Xin LLU ; Shigang DLNG

Chinese Journal of Gastroenterology.2015;(5):308-310. doi:10.3969/j.issn.1008-7125.2015.05.012

Superoxide dismutase( SOD)is an important antioxidant enzyme,and plays an important role in active oxygen metabolism to regulate the balance between oxidation and anti-oxidation. Helicobacter pylori( Hp)infection,one of the risk factors of gastric cancer,can induce large number of reactive oxygen species by chronic inflammation,which causes DNA damage and high risk of gastric cancer. Expression of SOD is correlated with risk,metastasis and prognosis of gastric cancer. Studies on SOD can provide great help for the prevention and treatment of gastric cancer.

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Progress in Defining Treatment Endpoint of Crohn’s Disease

Liang ZHAO ; Xiaojian WANG ; Lina MENG

Chinese Journal of Gastroenterology.2015;(5):304-307. doi:10.3969/j.issn.1008-7125.2015.05.011

Crohn’s disease( CD)is a gastrointestinal progressive granulomatous disease with unknown etiology. It is characterized as active stage alternating with remission stage,long-term course with many complications,sometimes needing surgery and having the tendency of relapse in patient ’s whole life. Therefore,it is important to define an effective therapeutic endpoint to ameliorate the natural course of CD. This article reviewed the progress in defining treatment endpoint of CD.

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Clinical Application of Transient Elastography in Liver Cirrhosis and its Complications

Qinyu XU ; Jing HUA

Chinese Journal of Gastroenterology.2015;(5):300-303. doi:10.3969/j.issn.1008-7125.2015.05.010

Liver cirrhosis is the advanced stage of various chronic liver diseases,and its complications include portal hypertension,esophageal and gastric varices,hepatocellular carcinoma,etc. Transient elastography( TE),a noninvasive method for liver stiffness measurement( LSM),has been used widely to detect liver fibrosis qualitatively and quantitatively. Recently,correlations were observed for LSM with liver cirrhosis and its complications. This article reviewed the studies focused on these correlations,as well as the clinical application of TE.

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Impact of Lifestyle and Dietary Factors on Colorectal Polyps in Inner Mongolia Area

Chengyi LLU ; Tong DANG

Chinese Journal of Gastroenterology.2015;(5):287-291. doi:10.3969/j.issn.1008-7125.2015.05.007

Background:Colorectal polyp,especially adenomatous polyp is considered to be a precancerous lesion of colorectal cancer;its occurrence is associated with lifestyle,food habits and genetic factors. Aims:To explore the impact of lifestyle and dietary factors on occurrence of colorectal polyps in Inner Mongolia area. Methods:A colonoscopy-based case-control study was performed. In 2012-2013,100 cases of colorectal polyps and 200 sex-,age-and nationality-matched polyp-free cases were recruited at the Second Affiliated Hospital of Baotou Medical College and were asked to complete a questionnaire including information on demography,lifestyle,and food habits,etc. Multivariate conditional Logistic regression analysis was used to estimate the possible colorectal polyp-related factors which were statistically significant in univariate analysis. Results:In lifestyle factors,after adjusted for age,sex,nationality,marital status and educational level,cigarette smoking (OR=1. 3,95% CI:1. 0-1. 8)and alcohol drinking(OR=1. 5,95% CI:1. 1-2. 0)were identified as the risk factors for colorectal polyps by Logistic regression analysis,while physical activity at least 4 times per week was a protective factor (OR=0. 6,95% CI:0. 4-0. 8). In dietary factors,wheat flour and rice(OR=1. 7,95% CI:1. 2-2. 8),fatty meat (OR=1. 4,95% CI:1. 2-1. 9),salt/pickled food(OR=1. 4,95% CI:1. 1-1. 8)and barbecue/fried food(OR=1. 6, 95% CI:1. 1-2. 3)were identified as the risk factors,while vegetables(OR=0. 6,95% CI:0. 4-0. 9)and fruits(OR=0. 5,95% CI:0. 4-0. 7)were protective factors after adjustment. Conclusions:Occurrence of colorectal polyps in Inner Mongolia area is associated with unhealthy lifestyle and food habits. Cessation of cigarette smoking and alcohol drinking, more physical activity,frequent consumption of vegetables and fruits,and less animal fat and processed food might decrease the risk of colorectal polyps.

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Effect of Simo Decoction on Gastrointestinal Motility in Patients with Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease

Caili LL ; Yue LLU ; Yongshun ZHANG ; Zequn SUN ; Bin WANG

Chinese Journal of Gastroenterology.2015;(5):283-286. doi:10.3969/j.issn.1008-7125.2015.05.006

Background:Gastrointestinal dysmotility is frequently seen in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease ( COPD). Simo Decoction is used for promoting gastrointestinal motility in clinical practice. Aims:To study the effect of Simo Decoction on gastrointestinal symptoms and motility in patients with COPD. Methods:Thirty-six patients with stable COPD in Shiyan Renmin Hospital from Sep. 2012 to Jun. 2013 were enrolled and received a 28-day course treatment of Simo Decoction oral solution,19 healthy volunteers were served as controls. All subjects were assessed with gastrointestinal symptom rating scale(GSRS). Electrogastrography was performed and levels of vasoactive intestinal peptide(VIP)and intestinal fatty acid-binding protein( I-FABP)in peripheral blood were measured. Patients with COPD were re-examined for the above-mentioned parameters after treated with Simo Decoction. Results:The baseline GSRS score and serum I-FABP level in COPD patients were significantly increased as compared with controls(P<0. 05),while the baseline serum VIP level,as well as the fasting and postprandial normal gastric slow wave percentage in COPD patients were significantly decreased(P <0. 05). After 28-day course of Simo Decoction treatment,all these parameters in COPD patients were improved as compared with those before treatment(P<0. 05),serum levels of VIP,I-FABP and normal gastric slow wave percentage were similar to those of controls. Conclusions:Simo Decoction can ameliorate the gastrointestinal symptoms and dysmotility in patients with COPD. The regulatory effect of Simo Decoction on gastrointestinal motility might be bidirectional.

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Effect of Capsaicin on Chronic Atrophic Gastritis

Qi ZHOU ; Qisheng ZHANG

Chinese Journal of Gastroenterology.2015;(5):278-282. doi:10.3969/j.issn.1008-7125.2015.05.005

Background:Chronic atrophic gastritis( CAG)is a common type of gastritis and is closely related to the pathogenesis of gastric carcinoma,however,the efficacy of its drug treatment is not clear. Aims:To study the therapeutic effect of capsaicin on CAG in rats. Methods:CAG rat model was established by intragastric administration of sodium deoxycholate, ethanol and ammonium hydroxide. Forty-four survival model rats were randomly divided into CAG model group and low, moderate,high dose capsaicin groups,rats in the latter 3 groups were intragastrically administrated with 1 mg·kg-1 ·d-1 , 10 mg·kg-1 · d-1 ,30 mg · kg-1 · d-1 capsaicin,respectively,for 28 days. The inflammation and degree of atrophy of gastric mucosa were observed by HE staining. Gastric mucosal levels of pepsinogen( PG)Ⅰ,PGⅡ were determined by ELISA. The protein expressions of IKKβ,NF-κB,XIAP were determined by Western blotting. Results:The differences in inflammation and degree of atrophy of gastric mucosa,levels of PGⅠ,PGⅡ,protein expressions of IKKβ,NF-κB,XIAP were statistically significant among model group,low,moderate,high dose capsaicin groups( P <0. 05 ). With the increasing of capsaicin dose,inflammation and degree of atrophy of gastric mucosa were improved in a dose-dependent manner(P<0. 05),protein expressions of IKKβ,NF-κB,XIAP were decreased. Conclusions:Capsaicin is effective for the treatment of CAG.

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Relationship between SEMA3B Gene Expression and its Promoter Methylation in Gastric Cancer

Kunting XLAO ; Dongtao SHL ; Zhuwen YU ; Wenyan TLAN ; Weichang CHEN

Chinese Journal of Gastroenterology.2015;(5):267-271. doi:10.3969/j.issn.1008-7125.2015.05.003

Background:SEMA3B is a candidate tumor suppressor gene,which plays an essential role in tumorigenesis and progression of a wide variety of cancer. Aims:To explore preliminarily the influence of DNA methylation on regulation of SEMA3B gene expression in gastric cancer. Methods:Real-time PCR was used to determine the expression of SEMA3B mRNA in six human gastric cancer cell lines(SGC7901,AGS,MGC803,BGC823,MKN45,and HGC27),one gastric epithelial cell line(GES-1),and 41 gastric cancer tissue and paired adjacent noncancerous tissue specimens. Methylation specific PCR was used to detect the promoter methylation of SEMA3B gene,and correlation between methylation of SEMA3B gene and clinicopathological characteristics of gastric cancer was analyzed. After treated with a demethylation agent,5-Aza-dC(10μmol/L),for 72 hours,the methylation and mRNA expression of SEMA3B gene were re-examined in above-mentioned cell lines. Results:SEMA3B mRNA expression was significantly lower in six gastric cancer cell lines and gastric cancer tissues than that in GES-1 cells(P <0. 001)and paired adjacent noncancerous tissues(P <0. 01). Promoter methylation of SEMA3B gene could be detected in all six gastric cancer cell lines but not GES-1 cells. Frequency of SEMA3B gene methylation was significantly higher in gastric cancer tissues than in paired adjacent noncancerous tissues (67. 6% vs. 32. 4%,P <0. 01),and the frequency was correlated with differentiation and lymph node metastasis of gastric cancer(P<0. 05). After treated with 5-Aza-dC,hypermethylation of SEMA3B gene in 5 gastric cancer cell lines was decreased,accompanied by up-regulation of SEMA3B mRNA expression. Conclusions:Hypermethylation in promoter of SEMA3B gene might be one of the mechanisms accounting for the reduced expression of SEMA3B,and being involved in tumorigenesis and progression of gastric cancer. SEMA3B might be a potential biomarker for diagnosis and prognostic assessment for gastric cancer and a promising epigenetic therapeutic target.

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Immunity Mediates the Pathogenesis of Functional Dyspepsia

Xiucai FANG

Chinese Journal of Gastroenterology.2015;(5):257-260. doi:10.3969/j.issn.1008-7125.2015.05.001

The etiology and pathogenesis of functional dyspepsia( FD)are still unknown,recent studies showed that immune responses play a mediation role in the pathogenesis of food allergy,inflammation-related and post-infectious FD. The increased and activated eosinophils in duodenal mucosa,the infiltration of inflammatory immune cells in gastric and duodenal mucosa,and the peripheral immune responses are correlated with delayed gastric emptying,decrease of sensory function of proximal stomach,visceral hypersensitivity and FD symptoms. Strategies that suppress immune response might be prospective for subset of FD patients with evidences of immune dysregulation.

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Advances in Study on Mechanisms of Non-steroidal Anti-inflammatory Drugs-induced Small Intestinal Injury and the Preventive and Therapeutic Effect of Muscovite

Dan LLANG ; Hui DONG ; Liang ZHAO ; Lina MENG

Chinese Journal of Gastroenterology.2015;(5):311-313. doi:10.3969/j.issn.1008-7125.2015.05.013

Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs( NSAIDs)are widely used in clinical practice,and their gastrointestinal adverse effects have attracted more and more attentions. Although many investigations were focused on gastroduodenal mucosal injury induced by NSAIDs over times,small intestinal injury has become the new hot-spot because of its high morbidity rate in recent years. The mechanisms of NSAIDs-induced small intestinal injury have not been fully elucidated and no specific prevention and treatment modalities have been developed. In this article,the mechanisms of NSAIDs-induced small intestinal injury and the preventive and therapeutic effect of muscovite were reviewed.

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