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Analysis of the precore and core promoter DNA sequence in liver tissues from tients with hepatocellular carcinoma.

Sung Won CHO ; Young Jun SHIN ; Ki Baik HAHM ; Joo Hyeon JIN ; Young Soo KIM ; Jin Hong KIM ; Hyo Joon KIM

Journal of Korean Medical Science.1999;14(4):424-430. doi:10.3346/jkms.1999.14.4.424

To investigate the role of mutant hepatitis B virus (HBV) in the development of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), 20 patients with HCC were studied for precore and core promoter mutations in tumorous and nontumorous tissues. The precore and core promoter region was amplified and analyzed by direct sequencing. Among the 20 tumorous and nontumorous tissues, precore mutant HBV was found in 12 (60%) and 18 (90%), respectively. Of the 12 tumorous tissues with precore mutant, nine tissues had a single mutation (1896) and one tissue had another single mutation (1899). The remaining two tissues had a double mutation (1896 and 1899). A single mutation (1896) and a single mutation (1899) were found in 11 and two of the 18 nontumorous tissues with precore mutant, respectively. Among 20 tumorous and nontumorous tissues, HBV with a C to T mutation at nucleotide (nt) 1846 was detected in six and eight, respectively, and was associated with the virus carrying a mutation (1896 or 1899) except in two tumorous tissues. Mutations at nt 1762 and 1764 in core promoter were observed in 16 (80%) tumorous tissues and 18 (90%) nontumorous tissues. Mutations in the precore and core promoter region were found frequently in nontumorous tissue and in tumorous tissue (18/20 and 12/20 in precore region, 18/20 and 16/20 in core promoter respectively). The high prevalence of precore and core promoter mutations in liver tissue from patients with HCC suggests that these mutations may contribute to the development of HCC.
Adult ; Aged ; Antisense Elements (Genetics) ; Base Sequence ; Carcinoma, Hepatocellular/virology ; Carcinoma, Hepatocellular/genetics* ; Female ; Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic ; Gene Expression Regulation, Viral ; Hepatitis B/genetics ; Hepatitis B Virus/genetics ; Hepatitis B e Antigens/genetics* ; Human ; Korea ; Liver Neoplasms/virology ; Liver Neoplasms/genetics* ; Male ; Middle Age ; Molecular Sequence Data ; Point Mutation* ; Promoter Regions (Genetics)* ; Sequence Analysis, DNA

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Role of tissue inhibitors of metalloproteinases (TIMPs) in colorectal carcinoma.

Young Eun JOO ; Kang Seok SEO ; Jin KIM ; Hyun Soo KIM ; Jong Sun REW ; Chang Soo PARK ; Sei Jong KIM

Journal of Korean Medical Science.1999;14(4):417-423. doi:10.3346/jkms.1999.14.4.417

Increased production of matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) has been associated with increases in invasive and metastatic potential in many types of human carcinoma. Tissue inhibitors of metalloproteinase (TIMP)-1 inhibits most interstitial collagenases and MMP-9. TIMP-2 binds specifically and noncovalently to the pro-form of MMP-2 and inhibits its enzyme activity. In this study, we examined TIMP-1 and TIMP-2 expressions in relation to clinicopathological variables in colorectal carcinoma with in situ hybridization and immunohistochemistry. TIMP-1 and TIMP-2 expressions were localized overwhelmingly to pericancer stromal cells, while malignant and normal mucosal cells were weak or negative. Strong stromal TIMP-1 immunoreactivity correlated with Dukes' stage (p=0.022), status of lymph node metastasis (p=0.044) and poor survival (p= 0.005). The degree of immunohistochemical staining of TIMP-2 did not correlate with all clinicopathological variables. The correlation between enhanced TIMP-1 expression and advanced stage and poor survival suggest a growth promoting activity of TIMP-1 in colorectal carcinoma.
Adenocarcinoma/pathology ; Adenocarcinoma/mortality ; Adenocarcinoma/enzymology* ; Adult ; Aged ; Aged, 80 and over ; Antibodies ; Collagenases/immunology ; Collagenases/genetics* ; Collagenases/analysis ; Colorectal Neoplasms/pathology ; Colorectal Neoplasms/mortality ; Colorectal Neoplasms/enzymology* ; DNA Probes ; Female ; Gelatinase A ; Gelatinase B ; Gelatinases/immunology ; Gelatinases/genetics* ; Gelatinases/analysis ; Gene Expression Regulation, Enzymologic ; Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic ; Human ; In Situ Hybridization ; Male ; Metalloendopeptidases/immunology ; Metalloendopeptidases/genetics* ; Metalloendopeptidases/analysis ; Middle Age ; Predictive Value of Tests ; RNA, Messenger/analysis ; Stromal Cells/pathology ; Stromal Cells/enzymology ; Survival Analysis ; Tissue Inhibitor-of Metalloproteinase-2/immunology ; Tissue Inhibitor-of Metalloproteinase-2/genetics* ; Tissue Inhibitor-of Metalloproteinase-2/analysis ; Tissue-Inhibitor of Metalloproteinase-1/immunology ; Tissue-Inhibitor of Metalloproteinase-1/genetics* ; Tissue-Inhibitor of Metalloproteinase-1/analysis

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Diagnostic p53 expression in gastric endoscopic mucosal resection.

Jeong Hee CHO ; Im Hwan ROE ; Young Joo JIN

Journal of Korean Medical Science.1999;14(4):412-416. doi:10.3346/jkms.1999.14.4.412

Endoscopic mucosal resection (EMR) has been standardized for the treatment of intestinal type of intramucosal gastric carcinomas, and careful histological examination of the resected specimen is important for further treatment. To evaluate the diagnostic utility of p53 expression in gastric EMR samples, using immunohistochemical staining, we examined 24 gastric carcinomas (22 intestinal types and two diffuse types) and 20 adenomas removed by EMR. Intestinal type of adenocarcinomas revealed strong p53 expression in 13 cases (59%), weak in four cases (18%), and negative in five cases (23%). Resection margins of 11 carcinomas were involved in the carcinoma cells, which showed the same p53 expression pattern with main carcinoma cells. Squeezed carcinoma cells, remaining in resection margins, were definitely identified by strong p53 expression in seven cases of which the main tumor strongly expressed p53. Microscopic in situ carcinoma could be easily detected in p53 immunostaining. Multifocal involvement and submucosal invasion of carcinomas could be demarcated easily and definitely by strong p53 expression of carcinoma cells. All adenomas showed diffuse weak p53 expression. The difference of p53 expression (p< 0.001) could be used as a differential diagnosis between adenomas and carcinomas. According to these results, we propose that for careful histological examination in hospital diagnosis, both histological evaluation and p53 immunostaining are important diagnostic parameters in EMR samples of the intestinal type of gastric carcinomas.
Adenocarcinoma/surgery ; Adenocarcinoma/pathology ; Adenoma/surgery* ; Adenoma/pathology* ; Endoscopy* ; Gastric Mucosa/metabolism ; Gastric Mucosa/chemistry ; Human ; Immunoenzyme Techniques ; Protein p53/diagnostic use* ; Protein p53/biosynthesis ; Protein p53/analysis ; Stomach Neoplasms/surgery* ; Stomach Neoplasms/pathology* ; Tumor Markers, Biological

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Clinical characteristics of acute viral lower respiratory tract infections in hospitalized children in Seoul, 1996-1998.

Kang Mo AHN ; So Hee CHUNG ; Eun Hee CHUNG ; Young Jae KOH ; Seung Yeon NAM ; Jeong Hee KIM ; Jin A SON ; Jin Young PARK ; Nam Yong LEE ; Sang Il LEE

Journal of Korean Medical Science.1999;14(4):405-411. doi:10.3346/jkms.1999.14.4.405

This study was performed to investigate the etiologic agents, age distribution, clinical manifestations and seasonal occurrence of acute viral lower respiratory tract infections in children. We confirmed viral etiologies using nasopharyngeal aspirates in 237 patients of the ages of 15 years or younger who were hospitalized for acute lower respiratory tract infection (ALRI) from March 1996 to February 1998 at Samsung Seoul Hospital, Seoul, Korea. The overall isolation rate was 22.1%. The viral pathogens identified were adenovirus (12.7%), influenza virus type A (21.1%), -type B (13.9%), parainfluenza virus type 1 (13.5%), -type 2 (1.3%), -type 3 (16.0%) and respiratory syncytial virus (21.5%). The occurrence of ALRIs was highest in the first year of life, although parainfluenza virus type 1 infection occurred predominantly in the second year of life and influenza virus caused illnesses in all age groups. The specific viruses are frequently associated with specific clinical syndromes of ALRI. The respiratory agents and associated syndromes frequently have characteristic seasonal patterns. This study will help us to estimate the etiologic agents of ALRI, and establish a program for the prevention and treatment. An annual nationwide survey is necessary to understand the viral epidemiology associated with respiratory illnesses in Korea.
Acute Disease ; Adenoviridae Infections/epidemiology ; Adolescence ; Age Distribution ; Animal ; Bronchitis/virology ; Bronchitis/epidemiology ; Cell Line ; Child ; Child, Hospitalized/statistics & numerical data ; Child, Preschool ; Croup/epidemiology ; Female ; Human ; Infant ; Influenza/epidemiology ; Influenza A Virus, Human ; Influenza B Virus ; Kidney/cytology ; Korea/epidemiology ; Liver/cytology ; Male ; Parainfluenza Virus 1, Human ; Parainfluenza Virus 2, Human ; Parainfluenza Virus 3, Human ; Paramyxovirus Infections/epidemiology ; Pneumonia, Viral/virology* ; Pneumonia, Viral/epidemiology* ; Respiratory Syncytial Virus Infections/epidemiology ; Respiratory Syncytial Viruses ; Respiratory Tract Infections/virology* ; Respiratory Tract Infections/epidemiology* ; Seasons

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Serum insulin-like growth factor (IGF)-I and IGF-binding proteins in lung cancer patients.

Dae Yeol LEE ; Sun Jun KIM ; Yong Chul LEE

Journal of Korean Medical Science.1999;14(4):401-404. doi:10.3346/jkms.1999.14.4.401

Many studies have shown that insulin-like growth factors (IGF-I & IGF-II) are implicated in the autocrine and paracrine growth of various tumors. Alterations in serum IGFs and IGF-binding proteins (IGFBPs) profiles have been reported in lung cancer. In this study, we measured serum levels of IGF-I and IGFBPs in 41 patients with lung cancer (small cell lung cancer, SCLC, 9; non-small cell lung cancer, NSCLC, 32) by radioimmunoassay and Western ligand blot (WLB). The serum IGF-I level in patients with lung cancer was significantly lower than in controls (207.9+/-62.6 vs 281.3+/-53.9 ng/mL, p<0.01). Patients with NSCLC showed significantly lower serum levels of IGF-I compared with SCLC patients (194.0+/-62.9 vs 258.4+/-27.8 ng/mL, p<0.01). Patients with squamous cell carcinoma tended to show lower serum levels of IGF-I than in those with adenocarcinoma (187.9+/-63.6 vs 215.9+/-59.5 ng/mL, p>0.05). The concentration of IGFBP-3 in lung cancer was 48% of that found in controls by WLB. The serum level of IGFBP-2 was markedly elevated in patients with lung cancer compared with controls (1303.7+/-618.0 vs 696.2+/-300.5, p<0.01). However, there was no significant difference between SCLC and NSCLC groups. This result showed that serum level of IGF-I/IGFBPs may be useful markers for diagnosing and identifying tumor types in lung cancer and further studies are needed.
Adenocarcinoma/diagnosis ; Adenocarcinoma/blood ; Adult ; Aged ; Blotting, Western ; Carcinoma, Small Cell/diagnosis ; Carcinoma, Small Cell/blood* ; Carcinoma, Squamous Cell/diagnosis ; Carcinoma, Squamous Cell/blood ; Female ; Human ; Insulin-Like Growth Factor Binding Protein 3/blood* ; Insulin-Like Growth Factor I/metabolism* ; Insulin-Like Growth Factor II/analysis ; Insulin-Like Growth Factor-Binding Protein 2/blood* ; Lung Neoplasms/diagnosis ; Lung Neoplasms/blood* ; Male ; Middle Age ; Radioimmunoassay ; Tumor Markers, Biological

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Flow cytometric immunophenotyping in fine-needle aspiration of lymph nodes.

Jae Gul CHUNG ; Gyung Yub GONG ; Joo Ryung HUH ; Shin Kwang KHANG ; Jae Y RO

Journal of Korean Medical Science.1999;14(4):393-400. doi:10.3346/jkms.1999.14.4.393

Fine-needle aspiration (FNA) of lymph nodes has been regarded as a useful method in the diagnosis of lymphadenopathy. However, this procedure has been shown to be of limited value in the diagnosis of low or intermediate grade malignant lymphomas in some studies. Immunophenotyping is an essential adjunct to cytomorphology for the diagnosis of lymphoma by FNA. Immunophenotyping using flow cytometry (FCM) is rapid, objective and reliable. Using FCM, multiparametric analysis of 33 FNA materials from lymph nodes was performed and profiles of surface markers of lymphoid cells were assessed. In reactive hyperplasia, patterns of cell surface markers were quite variable, but disclosed polyclonality. Most of the B-cell lymphomas showed immunophenotypes for B-cell lineages with their kappa: lambda or lambda: kappa ratio being over 3:1. In T-cell lymphomas, T-cell surface markers were predominantly expressed as well. In conclusion, our results suggest that immunophenotyping of lymph node aspirates is a valuable diagnostic adjunct for lymphoproliferative disorders, particularly in B-cell lymphomas because immunophenotyping can be easily and adequately performed by FCM.
Antigens, CD19/analysis ; Antigens, CD20/analysis ; Antigens, CD3/analysis ; Antigens, CD4/analysis ; Antigens, CD5/analysis ; Antigens, CD7/analysis ; Antigens, CD8/analysis ; B-Lymphocytes/immunology ; B-Lymphocytes/chemistry ; Biopsy, Needle ; Flow Cytometry/methods* ; Hodgkin Disease/pathology ; Human ; Immunophenotyping ; Lymph Nodes/pathology ; Lymph Nodes/chemistry ; Lymphatic Diseases/pathology* ; Lymphatic Metastasis/pathology ; Lymphoma, B-Cell/pathology* ; Lymphoma, Non-Hodgkin/pathology ; T-Lymphocytes/immunology ; T-Lymphocytes/chemistryt

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Differentially-altered vascular guanylate cyclase isoforms in experimental hypertensive rats.

Jong Un LEE ; Dae Gill KANG ; Hyun KOOK ; In Kwang KIM ; Bong Suk OH

Journal of Korean Medical Science.1999;14(4):386-392. doi:10.3346/jkms.1999.14.4.386

Pathophysiological implications of the vascular nitric oxide (NO)/cGMP pathway were investigated in various rat models of hypertension. The expression of brain and endothelial constitutive NO synthases (bNOS, ecNOS) was determined by Western blot analysis, and the biochemical activity of soluble and particulate guanylate cyclases (GC) was assessed by the amount of cGMP generated in the thoracic aortae of rats with deoxycorticosterone acetate (DOCA)-salt, two-kidney, one dip (2K1C), and spontaneous hypertension (SHR). Plasma nitrite/ nitrate levels were decreased in DOCA-salt and 2K1C hypertension, and increased in SHR. The vascular expression of bNOS as well as that of ecNOS was decreased along with tissue nitrite/nitrate contents in DOCA-salt and 2K1C hypertension. The expression of both bNOS and ecNOS was increased in SHR with concomitant changes of tissue nitrite/nitrate contents. The activity of soluble GC was decreased, and that of particulate GC was increased in DOCA-salt hypertension. The soluble GC activity was increased, while the particulate GC activity was not affected in 2K1C hypertension. The soluble GC activity was not significantly changed, but the particulate GC activity was decreased in SHR. These results indicate that the high blood pressure is associated with differentially-altered vascular NO/cGMP pathway in different models of hypertension.
Animal ; Aorta, Thoracic/enzymology ; Atrial Natriuretic Factor/blood ; Blotting, Western ; Desoxycorticosterone ; Guanylate Cyclase/metabolism ; Guanylate Cyclase/analysis* ; Hypertension/enzymology* ; Hypertension/chemically induced ; Isoenzymes/metabolism ; Isoenzymes/analysis* ; Male ; Nitrates/blood ; Nitric-Oxide Synthase/metabolism ; Nitrites/blood ; Rats ; Rats, Inbred SHR ; Rats, Inbred WKY ; Rats, Sprague-Dawley ; Solubility

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Chromosomal abnormalities in child psychiatric patients.

Kang E Michael HONG ; Jong Heun KIM ; Shin Yong MOON ; Sun Kyung OH

Journal of Korean Medical Science.1999;14(4):377-385. doi:10.3346/jkms.1999.14.4.377

To determine the frequency of chromosomal abnormalities in a child psychiatric population, and to evaluate possible associations between types of abnormalities and patient's clinical characteristics, cytogenetic examination was performed on 604 patients. Demographic data, reasons for karyotyping, clinical signs, and other patient characteristics were assessed and correlated with the results from karyotyping. Chromosomal abnormalities were found in 69 patients (11.3%); these were structural in 49 cases and numerical in 20. Inversion of chromosome nine was found in 15 subjects, trisomy of chromosome 21 in 11, and fragile X in five patients. When karyotyping was performed because of intellectual impairment or multiple developmental delay, significantly more abnormalities were found than average; when performed because autistic disorder was suspected, the number of abnormalities was significantly fewer. There were no differences in clinical variables between structural and numerical abnormalities, nor among nine types of chromosomal abnormalities, except that numerical abnormalities and polymorphism were found at a later age, and that walking was more delayed and IQ was lower in patients with Down syndrome. Clinicians should be aware of the possible presence of chromosomal abnormalities in child psychiatric populations; the close collaboration with geneticists and the use of more defined guidelines for cytogenetic investigation are important.
Adolescence ; Autistic Disorder/genetics ; Autistic Disorder/diagnosis ; Child ; Child, Preschool ; Developmental Disabilities/genetics* ; Developmental Disabilities/diagnosis ; Down Syndrome/genetics* ; Down Syndrome/diagnosis ; Female ; Fragile X Syndrome/genetics* ; Fragile X Syndrome/diagnosis ; Human ; Karyotyping ; Male ; Mental Disorders/genetics* ; Mental Disorders/diagnosis ; Mental Retardation/genetics ; Mental Retardation/diagnosis

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Chromosome abnormalities in a referred population for suspected chromosomal aberrations: a report of 4117 cases.

Sung Soo KIM ; Sung Chul JUNG ; Hyon Ju KIM ; Hae Ran MOON ; Jin Sung LEE

Journal of Korean Medical Science.1999;14(4):373-376. doi:10.3346/jkms.1999.14.4.373

A cytogenetic study was performed on 4,117 Korean patients referred for suspected chromosomal abnormalities. Chromosome aberrations were identified in 17.5% of the referred cases. The most common autosomal abnormality was Down syndrome and Turner syndrome in abnormalities of sex chromosome. The proportions of different karyotypes in Down syndrome (trisomy 21 92.5%, translocation 5.1%, mosaic 2.4%) were similar to those reported in other countries. However, it was different in Turner syndrome (45, X 28.1%, mosaic 50.8%, 46, X, del (Xq) 4.4%, 46, X, i (Xq) 16.7%), in which proportions of mosaics and isochromosome, 46, X, i(Xq), were higher than those reported in other countries. In structural chromosome aberrations of autosome, translocation was the most common (43.6%), and duplication (21.3%), deletion (14.4%), marker chromosome (7.9%) and ring chromosome (4.0%) followed in order of frequency. Rates of several normal variant karyotypes were also described. Inversion of chromosome 9 was observed in 1.7% of total referred cases.
Adolescence ; Chromosomes, Human, Pair 6 ; Down Syndrome/genetics* ; Down Syndrome/epidemiology* ; Family Health ; Female ; Gene Deletion ; Human ; Infant, Newborn ; Inversion (Genetics) ; Karyotyping ; Klinefelter's Syndrome/genetics ; Klinefelter's Syndrome/epidemiology ; Korea/epidemiology ; Male ; Mosaicism ; Prevalence ; Translocation (Genetics) ; Turner's Syndrome/genetics* ; Turner's Syndrome/epidemiology* ; X Chromosome ; Y Chromosome

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A comparative study on mortality patterns among Koreans, Korean-Chinese and Chinese.

Joung Soon KIM ; Yong WEN

Journal of Korean Medical Science.1999;14(4):365-372. doi:10.3346/jkms.1999.14.4.365

In order to understand the causal mechanism of disease aggregates peculiar to place and ethnicity, mortality data of Yanji city, China (1993) were collected, examined for validity and analyzed. Age standardized, age specific mortality rates and ten leading causes of death were compared with 1993 Korean mortality statistics. Age standardized mortality rates for both sexes were highest in Korean-Chinese followed by Koreans and Chinese (the lowest). Out of ten leading causes of death (54%-70% of the total deaths), seven for male and six causes of death for female were common in all groups. Korean-Chinese females had more similar patterns to Chinese females than males did. Differences in mortality rates by causes of death among groups suggested that hypertensive diseases and respiratory tuberculosis were associated with ethnicity, homicide/injuries inflicted by others, diabetes mellitus and chronic renal disease with environment, and others with both ethnicity and environment. These results suggest that a few causes of death were attributed to either ethnicity or environment whereas most of the ten leading causes of deaths were attributed to mixed impacts of both ethnicity and environment.
Accidents, Traffic/statistics & numerical data ; Adolescence ; Adult ; Age Distribution ; Aged ; Aged, 80 and over ; Cardiovascular Diseases/mortality* ; Cause of Death* ; Child ; Child, Preschool ; China/epidemiology ; Comparative Study ; Diabetes Mellitus/mortality ; Emigration and Immigration ; Female ; Human ; Hypertension/mortality ; Infant ; Infant, Newborn ; Korea/epidemiology ; Liver Cirrhosis/mortality ; Lung Neoplasms/mortality ; Male ; Middle Age ; Risk Factors ; Sex Distribution ; Stomach Neoplasms/mortality ; Tuberculosis, Pulmonary/mortality

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