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Monitoring of Peak Expiratory Flow Rates during Asthmatic Children's Winter Camp.

Jung Are KIM ; Byoung Sun AHN ; Keun Chan SOHN ; Myeung Ik LEE ; Suk Joon LEE

Pediatric Allergy and Respiratory Disease.1999;9(3):268-279.

PURPOSE: It is important in asthmatic children to encourage ordinary physical activity. However physical activities in winter are limited excessively by their parents for fear of bronchospasm by cold air and exercise. Children's asthma camps help them to learn about asthma management, make new friends with other asthmatic children, have positive attitude about the disease and have a more active lifestyle. But there have been few asthma camps and appropriate asthma camp programs have not been developed in Korea. Our study was done to see how camp programs influenced on asthma patient by measuring of PEFR during camp programs and thereby to have the data be used for future development of asthma camp programs. METHODS: From January 19th to 22th 1998, we recruited for camp 17 asthmatic patients and 31 normal children who had no history of admission due to respiratory infection. The main camp programs consisted of skiing and sledding. PEFR was checked 5 times a day and we analyzed variation of PEFR in relation to daily activities, temperature, humidity of atmosphere. RESULTS: 1) The mean age was 8 years with a range of 5 years to 11 years with male predominance (male/female : 2.4/1) in asthma group and the mean age was 10 years with a range of 5 years to 16 years with female predominance (male/female: 1/2) in control group. 2) The mean PEFR (% predicted) was checked early morning, prior to breakfast, lunchtime, supper and at the end of the day's activities (before sleeping) were 90.43+/-24.15%, 93.48+/-19.42%, 98.99+/-25.89%, 96.77+/-21.23%, 100.9+/-20.86% in asthma group and 93.69+/-16.41%, 94.49+/-17.13%, 94.15+/-17.28%, 96.84+/-16.44%, 96.52+/-16.24% in control group. All values were within normal range and there was no significant change of the mean PEFR value in relation to daily activity. The values of PEFR were low at early morning. We have observed a significant difference of PEFR between early morning and before sleeping in asthma group (P<0.05). 3) In the asthma group, 2 cases had respiratory difficulty prior to lunchtime but symptoms were resolved after bronchodilator nebulization. CONCLUSION: We recommend ski or sledding to be safe as one of the programs for asthma camp but control of asthma attack is needed because lung function is decreased at night and appropriate warming up is needed before cold air sports.
Asthma ; Atmosphere ; Breakfast ; Bronchial Spasm ; Child ; Female ; Friends ; Humans ; Humidity ; Korea ; Life Style ; Lunch ; Lung ; Male ; Meals ; Motor Activity ; Parents ; Peak Expiratory Flow Rate ; Reference Values ; Skiing ; Snow Sports ; Sports

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A Study on Allergenicity and Purification of Allergens from Alternaria.

Hyun Hee LEE ; Hyun Young KIM ; Byeung Ju JEOUNG ; Kyu Earn KIM ; Ki Young LEE

Pediatric Allergy and Respiratory Disease.1999;9(3):259-267.

PURPOSE: Mold allergy is the one of the major causes of atopic diseases including asthma, and the Alternaria exists year-round in Korea is recognized as an important cause of many atopic asthma. Recent studies stress the significance of Alternaria as a cause of respiratory problems although detailed knowledge on this organism is limited, especially the relationship of the fungi to respiratory ailments as well as the allergenic nature of this organism. METHODS: The authors studied the purification methods of Alternaria allergen and examine how the allergen acts on atopic asthma. The Alternaria samples were cultured in potato-dextrose broth for 10 days, and a crude extract was obtained after dialysis and filtration. The crude extract was subjected to SDS-PAGE followed by staining, and the allergen was analyzed. Three subjects who showed positive allergy skin test to Alternaria were subjected to RAST and allergy skin test with the crude extract. RESULTS: SDS-PAGE of the curde extract showed more than 30 allergenic bands, and among those, 5 kD, 28 kD, 31 kD and 34 kD bands were the major allergens, indicating that the purification method used in the present study produced an extract with almost all major allergens. In 3 patients with Alternaria allergy we carried out allergy skin test with crude extracts. All three subjects showed positive allergy skin test. CONCLUSION: The crude extract obtained major allergens including 70 kD, 65 kD, 34 kD, 31 kD, 28 kD and 16 kD allergens, and like the results reported outside Korea. Alternaria was proved to be a major allergen in atopic asthma in Korea as well.
Allergens* ; Alternaria* ; Asthma ; Complex Mixtures ; Dialysis ; Electrophoresis, Polyacrylamide Gel ; Filtration ; Fungi ; Humans ; Hypersensitivity ; Korea ; Skin Tests

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Immunoblot Analysis of Allergens in Mosquito, Culex pipiens.

Hye Yung YUM ; Kyu Earn KIM ; Jung Woo RYU ; Byeung Ju JEOUNG ; Ki Young LEE ; Soung Hoo JEON ; Tai Soon YONG ; Han Il REE ; Ki Sun LEE ; Soo Young LEE

Pediatric Allergy and Respiratory Disease.1999;9(3):252-258.

PURPOSE: Adverse reactions to mosquito bites have been recognized for some time, and these usually consist of large swellings, generalized urticaria, angioedema, and less frequently asthma. There have been some efforts to define immunologic characteristics of mosquito allergens throughout the world. But, in Korea, the immunologic analysis of mosquito allergen have not been made. METHODS: Extracts of locally distributed female mosquito Culex pipiens, were prepared from their heads and thoraxes. By sodium dodecylsulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis, proteins of two extracts were isolated. Then their proein bands were transferred to nitrocellulose membrane. Immunoblotting was performed with sera of allergic patients to mosquito bites, then completed by antibodies to human IgE. RESULTS: Immunoblotting showed IgE binding proteins weighing 70 kD, 60 kD, 34 kD in Culex pipiens. CONCLUSION: We found that mosquito antigens induced IgE response, and it suggested that species-specific antigens exist. Further investigation using salivary gland extracts from Culex genus are needed in identifying specific allergens.
Allergens* ; Angioedema ; Antibodies ; Asthma ; Collodion ; Culex* ; Culicidae* ; Electrophoresis ; Female ; Galectin 3 ; Head ; Humans ; Immunoblotting ; Immunoglobulin E ; Korea ; Membranes ; Salivary Glands ; Sodium ; Thorax ; Urticaria

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The Role of Neuropeptides in the Pathogenesis of Asthma.

Hae Ran LEE

Pediatric Allergy and Respiratory Disease.1999;9(3):243-251.

No Abstracts Available.
Asthma* ; Neuropeptides*

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Siglec-8: Novel Therapeutic Approach for Eosinophilic Inflammation and Airway Remodeling.

Dae Jin SONG

Pediatric Allergy and Respiratory Disease.2008;18(2):114-120.

Eosinophil is an important therapeutic target in the management of asthma due to their important role in airway inflammation, induction of airway hyperresponsiveness and their recently described role in airway remodeling. One such strategy targeting eosinophils is to target receptors expressed by eosinophils that might mediate the resolution of eosinophilic inflammation. One candidate receptor expressed by eosinophils is Siglec-8. Siglec-8 belongs to the CD33-related Siglec (CD33rSiglec) family, which are a subclass of Siglecs defined by their mutual sequence similarity (share about 50-80% sequence similarity), and clustered gene localization (chromosome 19q in humans). The cytoplasmic domain of the Siglec-8 contains immunoreceptor tyrosine-based inhibition motifs (ITIMs), suggesting that this molecule possesses inhibitory functions. In vitro studies demonstrated that cross-linking Siglec-8 receptors on eosinophils induced an apoptotic signal through the sequential production of reactive oxygen species (ROS), followed by induction of mitochondrial injury and caspase cleavage. In vivo studies using Siglec-F (functional paralog of Siglec-8) deficient mice demonstrated that Siglec-F deficient mice challenged with inhaled allergen significantly enhanced levels of eosinophilic airway inflammation as well as delayed resolution of eosinophilic inflammation. Administration of an anti-Siglec-F antibody significantly reduced levels of allergen induced eosinophilic airway inflammation and features of airway remodeling by reducing the production and increasing the clearance of eosinophils in murine model of asthma. Although further studies are needed to elucidate the precise role of Siglec-8, the results of these studies suggest that targeting of Siglec-8 may be a novel therapeutic approach for asthma and other allergic disease.
Airway Remodeling ; Animals ; Asthma ; Cytoplasm ; Eosinophils ; Humans ; Immunoreceptor Tyrosine-Based Inhibition Motif ; Inflammation ; Mice ; Reactive Oxygen Species ; Sialic Acid Binding Immunoglobulin-like Lectins

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Outcome of Childhood Asthma and Pulmonary Function.

Hye Yung YUN

Pediatric Allergy and Respiratory Disease.2008;18(2):111-113.

No abstract available.
Asthma

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A Case of Laryngeal Ductal Cyst Who has History of Endotracheal Intubation.

Eun Young AHN ; Byoung Ho SONG ; Sung Soo RIM ; Byung Soon KANG ; Kyoung Sim KIM ; Yong Wook KIM

Pediatric Allergy and Respiratory Disease.2000;10(4):317-322.

Laryngeal cysts can be classified into saccular (24%) or ductal (75%) cysts. In infants who have undergone intubation, ductal cysts are occasionally seen in the subglottic region. These cysts are caused by irritation and obstruction of mucous gland ducts. A 20-month-old infant admitted to our department due to inspiratory stridor, wheezing, and dyspnea. She was born prematurely and had a past history of endotracheal intubation with ventilator of 9 days because of respiratory distress syndrome. At 31 days of age, she was intubated again for 5 days because of pneumonia. She had admitted our hospital repeatedly at 7, 8, 16, and 17 months because of inspiratory stridor, wheezing, cough and dyspnea and she was diagnosed as asthmatic bronchitis. But symptoms developed again, she readmitted. A lateral X-ray film of the neck and neck spiral CT revealed a 6x5 mm sized homogeneous mass in the posterior wall of the subglottic region causing airway obstruction. A laryngoscopy was performed and showed a 4x5 mm sized cystic mass in the subglottic region. Endoscopic resection was done by Nd : Yag laser. The postoperative course was satisfactory. Histologic examination showed a ductal cyst, lined with ciliated cuboidal epithelium. This subglottic ductal cyst was believed to be a late complication of endotracheal intubation.
Airway Obstruction ; Bronchitis ; Cough ; Dyspnea ; Epithelium ; Humans ; Infant ; Intubation ; Intubation, Intratracheal* ; Laryngoscopy ; Larynx ; Lasers, Solid-State ; Neck ; Pneumonia ; Respiratory Sounds ; Tomography, Spiral Computed ; Ventilators, Mechanical ; X-Ray Film

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Clinical Characteristics of Acute Viral Lower Respiratory Tract Infections in Hospitalized Children.

Jong Young CHOI ; Eun Hee CHUNG ; Seung Yeon NAM ; Ki Woong SUNG ; Kang Mo AHN ; Chul Kyu KIM ; Sang Il LEE

Pediatric Allergy and Respiratory Disease.2000;10(4):308-316.

PURPOSE: Causes of acute lower respiratory tract infections (ALRI) in children are diverse. But virus is the most common cause of ALRI, so it is important to understand the etiology and epidemiology of ALRI. This study was performed to investigate the etiologic organisms, age distribution, clinical manifestations and seasonal occurrence of ALRI in hospitalized children. METHODS: We confirmed viral etiologies using nasopharyngeal aspirates in 377 patients of the ages of 15 years or younger who were hospitalized for ALRI from March, 1996 to February, 1999 at Samsung Seoul Hospital, Seoul, Korea. Viral agents were detected by virus isolation and antigen detection by indirect immunofluorescent staining. RESULTS: The viral pathogens identified were influenza A (22.2%), influenza B (9.0 %), adenovirus (21.2%), parainfluenza virus type 1 (8.8%), type 2 (3.4%), type 3 (15.1%) and respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) (20.2%). The occurrence of ALRIs was high under 2 year old. The clinical patterns of viral ALRI include pneumonia (49.9%), croup (20.2%), bronchiolitis (22.0%), tracheobronchitis (8.0%). The specific viruses are frequently associated with specific clinical syndrome of ALRI. The respiratory agents and associated syndromes frequently have characteristic seasonal patterns. CONCLUSION: This study will help us to estimate the etiologic agents of ALRI, and to avoid inappropriate antibiotic therapy. An annual nationwide survey is necessary to understand the viral epidemiology associated with respiratory illness.
Adenoviridae ; Age Distribution ; Bronchiolitis ; Child ; Child, Hospitalized* ; Child, Preschool ; Croup ; Epidemiology ; Humans ; Influenza, Human ; Korea ; Parainfluenza Virus 1, Human ; Pneumonia ; Respiratory Syncytial Viruses ; Respiratory System* ; Respiratory Tract Infections* ; Seasons ; Seoul

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Relationship Between IgE-Mediated Basophil Histamine Releasability and Airway Hyperresponsiveness or Atopy Markers in Atopic Children.

Soo Jong HONG ; Jin Kyong CHUN ; Bong Seong KIM ; Jeong Yeon SHIM ; Sang Heon CHO ; Kyung Up MIN

Pediatric Allergy and Respiratory Disease.2000;10(4):299-307.

BACKGROUND: Our previous data suggested that IgE-mediated histamine release from basophil was elevated in the atopic asthmatic children. Basophil may play an important role in the development of the IgE-dependent, late phase response in allergen induced airway disease. So the existence of enhanced basophil histamine release in asthma could promote airway reactivity and obstruction. PURPOSE: The purpose of this study is to determine the relationship between IgE-mediated basophil histamine releasability (BHR) and airway hyperresponsiveness or markers of atopy in atopic children. METHODS: Twelve atopic asthmatics and four healthy atopics who were sensitive to D.p and D.f were selected. Their median age was 11.2 years old, their mean serum IgE level was 897+/-276 IU/mL and mean total eosinophil count was 536+/-71/mm3. Total eosinophil counts, total IgE, D.p and D.f-specific IgE, pulmonary function test, and methacholine provocation test were performed. IgE-mediated basophil histamine release by D.f allergen and goat-antihuman IgE antibody were measured by automated fluorometric assay. The relationship between histamine release and airway hyperresponsiveness or atopic markers was investigated. RESULTS: PC20 inversely correlated with anti-IgE antibody-mediated BHR (r=-0.50, P<0.05). Serum total IgE concentration correlated with anti-IgE antibody-mediated BHR (r=0.54, P<0.05). Serum concentrations of specific IgE to D.p correlated with anti-IgE antibody-mediated BHR (r=0.66, P<0.05). PC20 correlated correlated with FEF25-75% (r=0.75, P<0.05) and inversely with the total eosinophil counts (r=-0.69, P< 0.01). CONCLUSION: IgE-mediated basophil histamine releasability is inversely correlated with airway hyperresponsiveness, and correlated with total or specific-IgE in atopic children. These findings suggest that basophil histamine releasability is easy and useful method of diagnosis and monitoring response to treatment in atopic disease.
Asthma ; Basophils* ; Child* ; Diagnosis ; Eosinophils ; Histamine Release ; Histamine* ; Humans ; Immunoglobulin E ; Methacholine Chloride ; Respiratory Function Tests

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The Significance of Buckwheat Chaff Stuffed Pillow on the Sensitization to Buckwheat in Asthmatic Children.

Soo Young LEE ; Ki Soo PAI ; Ki Sun LEE ; Gye Ree JEON ; Chang Ho HONG

Pediatric Allergy and Respiratory Disease.2000;10(4):290-298.

PURPOSE: Buckwheat flour (BF) is known as a potent food allergen. Its sensitization usually occurs by ingestion, but also by inhalation due to occupational or domestic exposure. We underwent this study to identify an effect of buckwheat chaff stuffed pillow (BCP) exposure on sensitization to BF and clinical BF allergy in asthmatic children. METHOD: We obtained detailed history of BCP exposure in 36 asthmatic children (aged 0.7-14.2 years). We also performed RIA for specific IgE, BCP-elimination-provocation test. All subjects were divided into 3 groups, Group I (continuous BCP exposurers, n=13), Group II (previous exposurers, n=11), and Group III (non-exposurers to BCP, n=12) and all subjects had no history of ingestion of BF containing foods. RESULTS: In the 13 Group I cases, the durations of BCP exposure were 1-6 years, and 8 of them were users of BCP themselves, 5 were indirect exposurers by family members' BCP. The positive rates of BF specific IgE were 92.3, 36.4% and 8.3% in the Group I, II and III, respectively (Chi-square test, P<0.05). While the positive rates of house dust mites specific IgE were not significantly different among three groups. Twelve out of 13 Group I cases sensitized to BF, and 9 of those 12 were not sensitized to house dust mites. Eight out of 13 Group I cases were positive in BCP elimination-provocation test, during 6-24 month follow-up periods, 7 of them were managed effectively by BCP elimination only. CONCLUSION: Taken together, a small amount of BF attached to BCP can induce BF sensitization and BCP can be a major cause of childhood nocturnal asthma.
Asthma ; Child* ; Eating ; Fagopyrum* ; Flour ; Follow-Up Studies ; Humans ; Hypersensitivity ; Immunoglobulin E ; Inhalation ; Pyroglyphidae

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