Objective To investigate the therapeutic effect and mechanism of Jianwei Xiaozhang Tablets on rats with precancerous lesions of gastric cancer(PLGC).Methods Forty male SD rats were randomly divided into the normal group,the model group,the folic acid group and the Jianwei Xiaozhang Tablets group,with 10 rats in each group.In addition to the normal group,the other three groups of rats were prepared by gavage with Ranitidine Aqueous Solution combined with N-methyl-N'-nitro-N-nitrosoguanidine(MNNG)solution drinking method for the preparation of PLGC model.After successful modeling,drugs were administered accordingly for 7 weeks.The changes in body mass of rats during modeling and drug administration were recorded,the gross view of the stomach was observed and scored pathologically,the coefficients of spleen and liver were determined,the pathological changes in gastric tissue were observed by hematoxylin-eosin(HE)staining,enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay(ELISA)was used to measure serum gastrin(GAS),motilin(MTL)and glucagon(GC),Alisin Blue-Periodic Acid Schiff's(AB-PAS)staining was used to observe the thickness of the mucosal layer of gastric tissues,the expressions of phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase(PI3K),phosphorylated PI3K(p-PI3K),protein kinase B(Akt),phosphorylated Akt(p-Akt),and endothelial-type nitric oxide synthase(eNOS)proteins in gastric tissues were detected by protein immunoblotting(Western Blot),and the expression of vascular endothelial growth factor A(VEGFA)protein in gastric tissues was detected by immunofluorescence staining.Results Compared with the normal group,the body mass of rats in the model group grew slowly during the experimental period,gastric macroscopic pathological scores were significantly increased(P＜0.01),splenic coefficient and hepatic coefficient were significantly decreased(P＜0.01),the gastric tissues showed cuprocyte hyperplasia and intestinal chemotaxis,gastric tissues'inflammation scores were significantly increased(P＜0.01),the serum GAS content was significantly increased(P＜0.01),and the MTL,GC contents were significantly reduced(P＜0.05),and the thickness of the mucous membrane layer of gastric tissue was significantly reduced(P＜0.05),the protein expression levels of PI3K,p-PI3K,Akt,p-Akt and eNOS were reduced(P＜0.01),and the protein expression level of VEGFA was reduced(P＜0.01);compared with the model group,the above indexes of the Jianwei Xiaozhang Tablets group and the folic acid group were all significantly improved(P＜0.05 or P＜0.01),among which,the Jianwei Xiaozhang Tablets group had a better improvement effect in the proliferation of cup cells and intestinal chemotaxis in gastric tissues,the content of serum GAS,and the thickness of the mucous layer in gastric tissues.Conclusion The mechanism of the improvement of PLGC in rats by Jianwei Xiaozhang Tablets may be related to the activation of the PI3K-Akt-eNOS pathway,which in turn promotes the angiogenesis and repair of gastric damaged tissues.

Objective To investigate the effects of microsurgical varicocelectomy on testicular function and sexual function in patients with varicocele.Methods The clinical data of 90 patients with varicocele admitted to our hospital were retrospectively analyzed,and the patients were divided into the laparoscopic group(received laparoscopic varicocelectomy)and the microscopic group(received microsurgical varicocelectomy)according to different surgical methods,with 45 cases in each group.The testicular function and sexual function related indexes including sperm density,normal sperm ratio,rate of sperm motility(grades a+b),forward motility sperm rate,international index of erectile function-5(IIEF-5)score,and the levels of testosterone,follicle-stimulating hormone,luteinizing hormone,and androgen levels before and 6 months after surgery in the two groups were compared.The incidence of complications and recurrence 6 months after surgery in the two groups were counted.Results Compared with those before surgery,the sperm density,forward motility sperm rate,rate of sperm motility(grades a+b),normal sperm ratio,IIEF-5 score,testosterone level,and androgen level 6 months after surgery of patients in the two groups were significantly increased(P<0.05),and the levels of luteinizing hormone and follicle-stimulating hormone were decreased(P<0.05).Compared with the laparoscopic group,the levels of follicle-stimulating hormone and luteinizing hormone,and incidence of complications 6 months after surgery of patients in the microscopic group were decreased(P<0.05),and the levels of testosterone and androgens,and IIEF-5 score 6 months after surgery were increased(P<0.05).There was no significant difference in the recurrence rate between the two groups(P>0.05).Conclusion Microsurgical varicocelectomy can improve the testicular function and sexual function of patients with varicocele,with a low incidence of complications.

ObjectiveTo analyze the long-term trends of the disease burden of diabetes attributed to metabolic factors in China from 1990 to 2019, and provide scientific recommendations for diabetes prevention and control in China. MethodsDescriptive analysis was conducted on the disease burden data of diabetes attributed to metabolic factors in China from 1990 to 2019, obtained from GBD 2019, encompassing death form diabetes, disability-adjusted life years (DALY), years of life lost (YLL), and years lived with disability (YLD). Joinpoint regression models were employed to analyze the long-term trends in mortality and DALY rates. Furthermore, the study examined the impact of two metabolic risk factors, high fasting plasma glucose (FPG) levels and high body mass index (BMI) levels, on the disease burden of diabetes. ResultsFrom 1990 to 2019, the overall standardized mortality and DALY rates attributed to metabolic factors for diabetes in the general population in China showed an upward trend, with both average annual percent changes (AAPCs) of 0.1% in the total population. The trend was upward in males with AAPCs of 0.9% and 0.6%, while it was downward in females with AAPCs of -0.4% and -0.3%. As age increased, the disease burden of diabetes attributed to metabolic factors showed an upward trend, with high FPG and high BMI ranking as the top two attributing risk factors. The disease burden of diabetes attributed to metabolic factors was higher in Chinese males than females. ConclusionThe disease burden of diabetes attributed to metabolic factors is increasing among the overall population and particularly among males, while the burden for female is declining. There is a need to increase intervention efforts for males aged 65 and above, provide scientific guidance on residents’ diet and lifestyle habits, and control blood glucose and body weight.

Objective To investigate the clinical efficacy of oblique lumbar interbody fusion(OLIF)combined with poste-rior percutaneous internal fixation in patients with lumbar spinal stenosis with or without redundant nerve roots(RNRs).Meth-ods A retrospective analysis of 92 patients with lumbar spinal stenosis treated by oblique lateral lumbar interbody fusion com-bined with posterior percutaneous internal fixation from June 2019 to June 2022 was performed.There were 32 males and 60 females,aged from 44 to 82 years old with an average of(63.67±9.93)years old.All patients were divided into RNRs positive group and RNRs negative group according to redundancy or not before operation.There were 38 patients in RNRs positive group,including 15 males and 23 females.The age ranged from 45 to 82 years old with an average of(65.45±10.37)years old.The disease duration was 24.00(12.00,72.00)months.There were 54 patients in RNRs negative group,including 17 males and 37 females.The age ranged from 44 to 77 years old with an average of(62.42±9.51)years old.The disease duration was 13.50(9.00,36.00)months.The general data of patients were recorded,including operation time,intraoperative blood loss and complications.The imaging parameters before and after operation were observed,including the number of stenosis segments,intervertebral space height,lumbar lordosis angle and dural sac area.The visual analogue scale(VAS)was used to evaluate the back and lower extremity pain,and the Oswestry disability index(ODI)was used to evaluate the activities of daily living.Results All patients were followed up for 8 to 18 months with an average of(11.04±3.61)months,and no complications were found during the follow-up period.The number of stenosis segments in RNRs positive group(1.71±0.46)was more than that in RNRs negative group(1.17±0.38).In RNRs positive group,intervertebral space height,dural sac area,low back pain VAS,lower extremity pain VAS,ODI score were(1.11±0.19)cm,(0.46±0.17)cm2,(5.39±1.00)scores,(5.05±1.01)points,(55.74±4.05)points,respectively.RNRs negative groups respectively(0.97±0.23)cm,(0.69±0.26)cm2,(4.50±0.77)scores,(4.00±0.58)scores,(47.33±3.43)％.In RNRs positive group,intervertebral space height,dural sac area,low back pain VAS,leg pain VAS,ODI score were(1.60±0.19)cm,(0.74±0.36)cm2,(3.39±0.72)scores,(3.05±1.01)scores,(46.74±4.82)scores,respectively.RNRs negative groups respectively(1.48±0.25)cm,(1.12±0.35)cm2,(3.00±0.82)scores,(3.00±0.82)scores,(37.67±3.58)％.The postoperative intervertebral space height,dural sac area,low back pain VAS score,lower extremity pain VAS and ODI score of the patients in the RNRs positive group and the negative group were signifi-cantly improved compared with those before operation,and the differences were statistically significant(P＜0.05).There were statistically significant differences in the number of stenosed segments,preoperative intervertebral space height,dural sac area,low back pain VAS,lower extremity pain VAS,and ODI between the two groups(P＜0.05).There were significant differences in postoperative intervertebral space height and postoperative ODI between the two groups(P＜0.05),but there was no significant difference in intervertebral space height before and after operation and ODI score before and after operation(P＞0.05).There were significant differences in operation time,intraoperative blood loss,postoperative dural sac area,difference of dural sac area before and after operation,postoperative low back pain VAS,difference of low back pain VAS score before and after oper-ation,difference of lower extremity pain VAS before and after operation between the two groups(P＜0.05).Conclusion OLIF combined with posterior percutaneous internal fixation has a good effect on patients with or without RNRs.Multi-segmental lumbar spinal stenosis and decreased dural sac area may lead to the occurrence of RNRs,and LSS patients with RNRs have more severe symptoms.LSS patients with RNRs have worse surgical outcomes than those without RNRs.

Objective Evaluation of the clinical efficacy of f trochanteric flip osteotomy combined with Kocher-Langen-beck approach for high acetabular posterior wall fracture.Methods Between January 2020 and December 2022,20 patients with high acetabular posterior wall fractures were retrospectively analyzed,including 12 males and 8 females,aged 18 to 75 years old.They were divided into two groups according to the different surgical methods.Ten patients were treated with greater trochanteric osteotomy combined with Kocher-Langenbeck approach as the observation group,including 5 males and 5 fe-males,aged from 18 to 75 years old.Ten patients were treated with Kocher-Langenbeck approach alone as the control group,including 7 males and 3 females,aged from 18 to 71 years old.Matta reduction criteria were used to evaluate the reduction quality of the two groups,and Harris score was used to compare the hip function of the two groups at the latest follow-up.The operation time,blood loss and postoperative complications of the two groups were analyzed.Results All patients were followed up for 10 to 24 months.According to the Matta fracture reduction quality evaluation criteria,the observation group achieved anatomical reduction in 6 cases,satisfactory reduction in 3 cases,and unsatisfactory reduction in 1 case,while the control group only achieved anatomical reduction in 3 cases,satisfactory reduction in 3 cases,and unsatisfactory reduction in 4 cases.At the final follow-up,the Harris hip score ranged from 71.4 to 96.6 in the observation group and 65.3 to 94.5 in the control group.According to the results of Harris score.The hip joint function of the observation group was excellent in 6 cases,good in 3 cases,and fair in 1 case.The hip joint function of the control group was excellent in 2 cases,good in 3 cases,fair in 3 cases,and poor in 2 cases.In the observation group,the intraoperative blood loss ranged from 300 to 700 ml,and the operation dura-tion ranged from 120 to 180 min;in the control group,the intraoperative blood loss ranged from 300 to 650 ml,and the opera-tion duration ranged from 100 to 180 min.Complications in the observation group included 1 case of traumatic arthritis and 1 case of heterotopic ossification,while complications in the control group included 3 cases of traumatic arthritis,3 cases of het-erotopic ossification and 1 case of hip abduction weakness.Conclusions Trochanteric flip osteotomy combined with the Kocher-Langenbeck approach significantly improved anatomical fracture reduction rates,enhanced excellent and good hip joint function outcomes,and reduced surgical complication incidence compared to the Kocher-Langenbeck approach alone.Clinical application of this combined approach is promising,although larger studies are needed for further validation.

Objective To observe the clinical efficacy of Yinlian Gargle in the treatment of acute radiation-induced oropharyngeal mucositis after nasopharyngeal carcinoma radiotherapy.Methods Thirty-two patients with nasopharyngeal carcinoma,who had received first radiation,were randomly split into two groups:the trial group(19 cases)and the control group(13 cases).After all groups were treated with radiotherapy and chemotherapy,the control group was given rinse treatment with saline whereas the trial group was given Yinlian Gargle.The incidence of severe acute radiation-induced oropharyngeal mucositis,the duration and intensity of oropharyngeal discomfort and pain(NRS score),quality of life(QOL-NPC score),duration and intensity of radiation-induced side effects(SE-QOL-NPC score)and symptoms of dry mouth(SE1 score)were monitored before and after intervention in two groups.Results The incidence of grade Ⅲ or above radiation-induced oropharyngeal mucositis until the sixth week of radiotherapy in the trial group was considerably lower than that in the control group(P＜0.001),while the incidence of grade I or above radiation-induced oropharyngeal mucositis at 1 month after radiotherapy in the trial group was obviously lower than that in the control group(P＜0.001).The NRS score of pharyngeal discomfort of the trial group was lower than that of the control group starting from the second week of radiotherapy(P＜0.05).The NRS score of oral and oropharyngeal pain was lower than that of the control group starting from the fourth week of radiotherapy(P＜0.05).The SE1 score of the trial group was higher than that of the control group starting from the fifth week of radiotherapy(P＜0.05).After one month of the completion of the radiotherapy,the NRS score of pharyngeal discomfort and the NRS score of oral and oropharyngeal pain in the trial group were lower than those of the control group(P＜0.001).The QOL-NPC score,SE-QOL-NPC score,and SE1 score were all higher than those in the control group(P = 0.05 or P＜0.05).Conclusion Patients with nasopharyngeal cancer can greatly reduce their risk of developing severe acute radiation-induced oropharyngeal mucositis,effectively delay and relieve related symptoms,and enhance quality of life by consistently using Yinlian Gargle during radiotherapy.Additionally,a month after the completion of radiotherapy,it still has positive therapeutic effects on acute radiation-induced oropharyngeal mucositis.

ObjectiveTo observe the effects of Sargassum and Glycyrrhizae Radix et Rhizoma incompatible pair with the Haizao Yuhutang （HYT） on oxidative stress in the liver of goiter rats under the condition of 2 times the dose limit of the Pharmacopoeia of the People's Republic of China 2020. MethodA total of 128 male Wistar rats were randomly divided into a blank group， a model group， a euthyrox group （20 μg·kg^-1）， a HYT group （12.06 g·kg^-1）， a HYT without Sargassum （HYT-H） group （9.90 g·kg^-1）， a HYT without Glycyrrhizae Radix et Rhizoma （HYT-G） group （10.26 g·kg^-1）， a HYT without Sargassum and Glycyrrhizae Radix et Rhizoma （HYT-HG） group （8.10 g·kg^-1）， and a Sargassum and Glycyrrhizae Radix et Rhizoma （HG） group （3.96 g·kg^-1）. The blank group was given deionized water by gavage， and the others were given propylthiouracil （PTU） to replicate the goiter pathological model. Euthyrox was taken as a positive control drug， and the rest of the Chinese medicine groups were given the corresponding decoction by gavage， the material was collected 12 hours after the last dose. The serum levels of aspartate aminotransferase （AST）， alanine aminotransferase （ALT）， alkaline phosphatase （ALP）， and the contents of superoxide dismutase （SOD）， glutathione peroxidase （GSH-Px）， malondialdehyde （MDA）， reactive oxygen species （ROS） in liver tissue were detected in each group. The pathological changes in the liver were observed via hematoxylin-eosin （HE） staining. Real-time fluorescence quantitative polymerase chain reaction （Real-time PCR） was utilized to detect the mRNA expressions of Kelch-like Ech-associated protein 1 （Keap1）， nuclear factor E₂-related factor 2 （Nrf2）， heme oxygenase-1 （HO-1）， p53 and Caspase-3 in liver tissues. Western blot was adopted to detect the protein expressions of Nrf2 and HO-1 in liver tissues in oxidative stress-related signaling pathways. ResultCompared with control group， the model group showed significantly increased serum ALT level and contents of MDA and ROS in liver tissues （P<0.05， P<0.01）， significantly reduced activities of SOD and GSH-Px in the liver （P<0.01）， significantly increased mRNA expression of Keap1 （P<0.01）， and significantly decreased mRNA and protein expressions of Nrf2 and HO-1 （P<0.05， P<0.01）. Compared with the model group， the HYT group manifested significantly reduced serum levels of AST， ALT， and ALP （P<0.05， P<0.01）， significantly reduced contents of MDA and ROS in liver tissue （P<0.01）， significantly increased the activities of SOD and GSH-Px （P<0.01）， significantly decreased mRNA expressions of Keap1， p53， and Caspase-3 （P<0.01）， and significantly increased mRNA and protein expressions of Nrf2 and HO-1 （P<0.05， P<0.01）. ConclusionUnder the condition of 2 times the dose limit of the Pharmacopoeia of the People's Republic of China 2020， Sargassum and Glycyrrhizae Radix et Rhizoma incompatible pair with the HYT on oxidative stress in the liver of goiter rats had different effects. The HYT that contains Sargassum and Glycyrrhizae Radix et Rhizoma has a protective effect on the liver of goiter rats， and the effect is better than that of the HG group， the euthyrox group， and the incomplete groups. Its mechanism may be related to activating the Nrf2/HO-1 signaling pathway to alleviate liver oxidative stress and inhibiting the p53/Caspase-3 signaling pathway to reduce hepatocyte apoptosis.

In this study, inspired by biomimetic mineralization process, we have developed imidazole-zeolite framework (ZIF-8) conjugated VNP20009, and chemotherapy drug doxorubicin hydrochloride (DOX) was encapsulated to obtain ZD@VNP. The morphology and the combination of ZIF-8 and VNP was characterized by transmission electron microscopy and laser confocal microscopy. Fluorescence spectrophotometry was used to examine the encapsulation rate and in vitro release rate of DOX. CCK-8 and FDA/PI cell viability staining experiments were used to evaluate the ability of ZD@VNP to inhibit cell proliferation. Melanoma mouse model was established to investigate the effect of ZD@VNP to inhibit tumor growth. It was shown that ZIF-8 was evenly bounded to the surface of VNP20009, and laser confocal microscopy results also confirm the combination of ZIF-8 with VNP in ZD@VNP. The encapsulation rate of DOX in ZD@VNP was calculated to be 85.7% ± 3.7%, and the release of DOX under the buffer at pH 6.0 was significantly higher than that of pH 7.4. ZD@VNP treatment resulted in a greater inhibitory effect on B16F10 cell proliferation compared to DOX treatment. Animal experiment results showed that compared with VNP+DOX, ZD@VNP treatment can significantly inhibit the growth of B16F10 tumors in C57BL/6 mice and prolonged survival (all animal experiments were approved by the Institutional Animal Care and Ethics Committee Guangdong Medical University, No. GDMU-2023-2518). In summary, ZD@VNP was prepared through a facile, one-step method, which can significantly enhance the proliferation inhibitory effect of DOX to inhibit tumor growth and prolong survival. Our results demonstrate that ZD@VNP has great application prospects in the field of drug delivery.

Pharmaceutical cocrystals is an advanced technology to improve the physicochemical and biological properties of drugs. However, there are few studies on the in vivo metabolism of pharmaceutical cocrystals. In this study, the pharmacokinetics of wogonin cocrystal in normal rats was further studied on the basis of the previous preparation of wogonin-aloperine cocrystal. Firstly, an ultra-performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (UPLC-MS/MS) method was established for simultaneous determination of wogonin and its metabolite wogonoside in rat plasma, and to investigate the methodology. The method was applied to the pharmacokinetic study of wogonin-aloperine cocrystal (Wog-Alop) in rats. The results showed that wogonin and its metabolite wogonoside had a good linear relationship in the range of 1-800 ng·mL^-1, and the precision, accuracy, matrix effect and stability in this range met the requirements of biological analysis. Compared with direct administration of wogonin, the C_max of wogonin and its metabolite in rats increased to 7.44-fold and 9.15-fold, AUC_0-t increased to 1.67-fold and 3.72-fold, and oral bioavailability of wogonin increased to 187.66% after cocrystal administration. Wog-Alop cocrystal can significantly improve the C_max, AUC, and oral bioavailability of wogonin and its metabolite, which provides a new perspective for the clinical application of wogonin. This study was approved by the Experimental Animal Ethics Review Committee of Beijing University of Chinese Medicine (approval number: BUCM-2023032307-1148).

This experiment aims to study the taste-masking effects of different kinds of corrigent used individually and in combination on ibuprofen oral solution, in order to optimize the taste-masking formulation. Firstly, a wide range of corrigent and the mass fractions were extensively screened using electronic tongue technology. Subsequently, a combination of sensory evaluation, analytic hierarchy process (AHP)-fuzzy mathematics evaluation, and Box-Behnken experimental design were employed to comprehensively assess the taste-masking effects of different combinations of corrigent on ibuprofen oral solution, optimize the taste-masking formulation, and validate the results. The study received ethical approval from the Review Committee of the Beijing University of Chinese Medicine (ethical code: 2024BZYLL0102). The results showed that corrigent fractions and types were screened separately through single-factor experiments. Subsequently, a Box-Behnken response surface design combined with AHP and fuzzy mathematics evaluation was used to fit a functional model: Z = 688.310 11 - 3 023.722 22X₁ - 11.477 00X₂ + 62.721 67X₃ + 14.600 00X₁X₂ - 179.666 67X₁X₃ - 3.152 00X₂X₃ + 4 031.111 11X₁² + 0.525 28X₂² + 9.772 00X₃². This model is stable and reliable, determining the optimal taste-masking formulation to be 3.9 g·L^-1 of stevioside, 100 g L^-1 of xylitol, and 30 g L^-1 of methyl-β-cyclodextrin. The comprehensive score of the verification test is 88.14, with a relative RSD of 0.39%, indicating the feasibility of this model. This study achieved the improvement of the taste of ibuprofen oral solution through a combination of objective and subjective methods. Three types of corrigent were identified for enhancing drug taste, leading to the selection of the optimal taste-masking formulation for ibuprofen oral solution. This significantly enhanced the taste of the original formulation, improved patient compliance, and offered a new approach to mitigating the undesirable taste of formulations.