Objective:To understand the epidemiological characteristics of human respiratory syncytial virus (HRSV) among cases presenting with influenza-like illness (ILI) in Shenzhen City from 2019 to 2023.Methods:Respiratory specimens were collected from two national sentinel hospitals in Shenzhen from March 2019 to December 2023, specifically targeting cases of ILI. The real-time PCR method was used for the detection and genotyping of HRSV. Basic demographic information was collected and used for the epidemiological analysis.Results:A total of 9 278 respiratory specimens of influenza-like cases were collected and detected, with a total positive rate of 4.77% (443/9 278) for HRSV. In 2021 (8.48%, 167/1 970), the positive rate of HRSV was significantly higher than in 2019 (3.35%, 52/1 552), 2022 (1.80%, 39/2 169), and 2023 (4.49%, 133/2 960), and the difference was statistically significant ( χ 2=102.395, P<0.001). The prevalence of HRSV was mainly in summer and early autumn (September), and there was an abnormal increase in the positive rate of HRSV in winter 2022. The highest positive rate of HRSV was in children under five years old (9.84%, 330/335). The typing results showed that in 2022, the prevalence of HRSV-A was predominant (71.79%, 28/39), and in 2023, HRSV-A and HRSV-B subtypes coexisted. Conclusions:The prevalence of HRSV in Shenzhen from 2019 to 2023 has obvious seasonality, mainly in summer and early autumn. Children under five years old are the main population of HRSV infections.

Objective:To understand the epidemiological characteristics of human respiratory syncytial virus (HRSV) among cases presenting with influenza-like illness (ILI) in Shenzhen City from 2019 to 2023.Methods:Respiratory specimens were collected from two national sentinel hospitals in Shenzhen from March 2019 to December 2023, specifically targeting cases of ILI. The real-time PCR method was used for the detection and genotyping of HRSV. Basic demographic information was collected and used for the epidemiological analysis.Results:A total of 9 278 respiratory specimens of influenza-like cases were collected and detected, with a total positive rate of 4.77% (443/9 278) for HRSV. In 2021 (8.48%, 167/1 970), the positive rate of HRSV was significantly higher than in 2019 (3.35%, 52/1 552), 2022 (1.80%, 39/2 169), and 2023 (4.49%, 133/2 960), and the difference was statistically significant ( χ 2=102.395, P<0.001). The prevalence of HRSV was mainly in summer and early autumn (September), and there was an abnormal increase in the positive rate of HRSV in winter 2022. The highest positive rate of HRSV was in children under five years old (9.84%, 330/335). The typing results showed that in 2022, the prevalence of HRSV-A was predominant (71.79%, 28/39), and in 2023, HRSV-A and HRSV-B subtypes coexisted. Conclusions:The prevalence of HRSV in Shenzhen from 2019 to 2023 has obvious seasonality, mainly in summer and early autumn. Children under five years old are the main population of HRSV infections.

AIM: To evaluate the necessity of slit-lamp biomicroscopy(referred to here as “slit-lamp”)training from the student's perspective and reach a consensus on slit-lamp training in medical students during ophthalmology clerkship.METHODS: A controlled before-after clerkship study was performed on 117 students of the class of 2017 enrolled in clinical medicine at Sun Yat-sen University. All medical students underwent slit-lamp training during ophthalmology clerkship. We evaluated the students' cognition, perceived need and recommendations for slit-lamp teaching, using a self-completed questionnaire survey and compared the students' scores in these aspects before and after their ophthalmology clerkships. Additionally, the efficiency of slit-lamp training was evaluated by subjective student assessment after the ophthalmology clerkship. Each item was scored on a five-point Likert Scale. Statistical analysis was performed by IBM SPSS(Version 20.0; SPSS Inc., Chicago, IL, USA).RESULTS: A total of 116(99.1%)medical students completed the survey. The average score before clerkship was 19.99±3.03, which indicated a high level of cognition regarding slit-lamp utility; However, this score significantly increased to 22.97±2.37 after clerkship(P<0.001). The average score regarding perceived need was also higher for post-clerkship students than for pre-clerkship students(24.62±3.15 vs. 23.60±2.36, P=0.009). Moreover, 86.2% of post-clerkship students reported that hands-on slit-lamp practice could help promote clerkship quality. More than three-quarters of the surveyed students tended to agree that slit-lamp practice time should be increased(76.7% and 77.6% before and after clerkship, respectively).CONCLUSION: A hands-on approach to slit-lamp training is more favored by medical students in ophthalmology clerkships, and this training should be recommended in ophthalmology clerkships given its potential usefulness for improving clerkship quality.

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the anti-inflammatory activity of Radix Panacis quinguefolii root extract (RPQE) and its therapeutic effects on inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). METHODS: The 72-hour post-fertilization zebrafish was used to generate the local and systematic inflammation models through tail-amputation and lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induction (100 µ g/mL), respectively. The Tg(zlyz:EGFP) zebrafish was induced with 75 µ g/mL 2,4,6-trinitrobenzene sulfonic acid (TNBS) for establishing the IBD model. The tail-amputated, LPS-, and TNBS-induced models were subjected to RPQE (ethanol fraction, 10-20 µ g/mL) administration for 12 and 24 h, respectively. Anti-inflammatory activity of RPQE was evaluated by detecting migration and aggregation of leukocytes and expression of inflammation-related genes. Meanwhile, TNBS-induced fish were immersed in 0.2% (W/V) calcein for 1.5 h and RPQE for 12 h before photographing to analyze the intestinal efflux efficiency (IEE). Moreover, the expression of inflammation-related genes in these fish was detected by quantitative polymerase chain reaction. RESULTS: Subject to RPQE administration, the migration and aggregation of leukocytes were significantly alleviated in 3 zebrafish models (P<0.01). Herein, RPQE ameliorated TNBS-induced IBD with respect to a significantly reduced number of leukocytes, improved IEE, and inhibited gene expression of pro-inflammatory factors (P<0.05 or P<0.01). CONCLUSION RPQE exhibited therapeutic effects on IBD by inhibiting inflammation.
Animals ; Zebrafish ; Lipopolysaccharides ; Disease Models, Animal ; Inflammatory Bowel Diseases/metabolism* ; Inflammation/drug therapy* ; Anti-Inflammatory Agents/therapeutic use* ; Trinitrobenzenesulfonic Acid/adverse effects* ; Colitis/drug therapy*

In order to study the interaction between Pterocephalus hookeri and bitter taste receptors,three-dimensional structural models of bitter taste receptors TAS2 R16,TAS2 R14 and TAS2 R13 were established by homology modeling in this paper. Maestro software was used for docking the chemical constituents of P. hookeri with bitter taste receptors. The results showed that 25 chemical components of P. hookeri can regulate three bitter taste receptors. And these components were mainly iridoid glycosides and phenolic acids.This research focused on the comprehensive application of homology modeling and molecular docking technology to explore the interaction between bitter chemical constituents of P. hookeri and bitter taste receptors. This study provided assistance in revealing pharmacodynamic basis of bitter Tibetan medicine at molecular level. It also provided new ideas and methods for the study of Tibetan medicine.
Caprifoliaceae ; chemistry ; Correlation of Data ; Humans ; Medicine, Tibetan Traditional ; Molecular Docking Simulation ; Receptors, G-Protein-Coupled ; metabolism ; Taste

OBJECTIVEWe aimed to elucidate the rates of repeat HIV testing and incident HIV diagnosis, and baseline CD4+ T cell count among individuals attending HIV voluntary counseling and testing (VCT) clinics in Wuxi, China.

METHODSA repeat HIV testing within 12 months was recorded if individuals had their first test with negative results, during 2013-2014 and retested within 12 months. An incident HIV diagnosis was recorded if individuals had their first test with negative results, during 2013-2015 and had a subsequent positive result at any point by the end of 2015. Data on HIV testing and diagnosis among individuals attending 32 VCT clinics from 2013 to 2015 and HIV diagnosis from other clinical services in Wuxi, China, were retrieved. A multivariate logistic regression model was used to analyze factors associated with repeat HIV testing. Cox regression was used to evaluate factors associated with incident HIV diagnosis.

RESULTSFrom 2013 to 2014, 11,504 individuals tested HIV negative at their first recorded test, with 655 (5.7%) retesting within 12 months. Higher repeat HIV testing within 12 months was associated with male gender [adjusted odds ratio (aOR) = 1.7, 95% confidence interval (CI): 1.4-2.2], risk behaviors [commercial heterosexual behaviors (aOR = 1.4, CI: 1.1-1.6), male-male sexual behaviors (aOR = 3.7, CI: 2.7-4.9)], injection drug use (aOR = 9.9, CI: 6.5-15.1), and having taken HIV tests previously (aOR = 2.0, CI: 1.6-2.4). From 2013 to 2015, 1,088 individuals tested negative on HIV test at their visit and at ⋝ 2 subsequent tests; of them 30 had incident HIV diagnosis. The overall rate of incident HIV diagnosis among all VCT individuals was 1.6 (95% CI: 1.1-2.1) per 100 person-years. Incident HIV diagnosis was associated with male gender [adjusted hazard ratio (aHR) = 8.5, 95% CI: 1.9-38.1], attending hospital-based VCT clinics (aHR = 7.8, 95% CI: 1.1-58.3), and male-male sexual behavior (aHR = 8.4, 95% CI: 1.5-46.7). Individuals diagnosed at VCT clinics had higher CD4+ T cell count compared with those diagnosed at other clinical services (median 407 vs. 326 copies/mm3, P = 0.003).

CONCLUSIONVCT individuals in Wuxi, China, had a low repeat HIV testing rate and high HIV incidence. VCT-clinic-based interventions aimed at increasing repeat HIV testing are needed to detect more cases at an earlier stage, especially among individuals at high risk for HIV infection such as men who have sex with men.

Objective:To evaluate the safety and efficacy of ultrasound guidance for percutaneous balloon pulmonary valvuloplasty (PBPV) in comparison with conventional X-ray guidance.Methods:Our research included in 2 groups:Ultrasound group,n=102 patients with PBPV under ultrasound guidance in our hospital from 2013-03 to 2016-08 and X-ray group,n=280 patients with PBPV under traditional X-ray guidance in our hospital at the same period of time.Post-operative effect was evaluated by echocardiography and compared between 2 groups.Results:The patients' age,body weight,pulmonary artery diameter,immediate post-operative pulmonary transvalvular pressure gradient (PTPG),the in-hospital time and cost were similar between 2 groups,P＞0.05.The success rate of operation in Ultrasound group and X-ray group was 99.0％ vs 100％,P=0.267.In the ultrasound group,1 patient was converted to a conventional surgery due to right ventricular outflow tract muscle spasm after dilation.The operation time in X-ray group was longer than Ultrasound group,(38.9±9.2) min vs (34.6±10.0) min,P＜0.001.The X-ray exposure time was (3.9±1.2) min in X-ray group.The mean follow-up time was (25.5±13.2) months and PTPG in Ultrasound group and X-ray group were (16.2±4.3) mmHg and (15.3±4.5) mmHg,P=0.120.No serious complications as death,peripheral vascular injury,cardiac perforation and pericardial effusion occurred in either group.Conclusion:PBPV under complete ultrasound guidance may not only avoid radiation and contrast agent,but also keep the safety and efficacy of minimally invasive conventional percutaneous interventional treatment.

Several studies have investigated the association between CYP2C19 polymorphism and clinical outcomes of patients treated with clopidogrel, but few have noticed the difference in association between Westerners and Asians. We searched MEDLINE, EMBASE and Cochrane Library database and conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis. Thirty-six studies involving 44 655 patients with coronary artery disease (CAD) treated with clopidogrel were included, of which more than 68% had undergone percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI). The primary outcome of our interest was the recurrence of major adverse cardiovascular events (MACE) in those CAD patients. Firstly, we found that the distribution of reduced-function CYP2C19 allele varied between Westerners and Asians. Among Asians, 1 and 2 reduced-function CYP2C19 mutant allele carriers accounted for 42.5% and 10%, respectively. While among Westerners, 1 and 2 reduced-function CYP2C19 mutant allele carriers accounted for 25.5% and 2.4%, respectively. Secondly, the impact of CYP2C19 polymorphism on clinical outcomes of patients treated with clopidogrel varied with races. Among Asians, only 2 reduced-function CYP2C19 mutant allele carriers had the reduced effect of clopidogrel. And the reduced effect was significant only after the 30th day of treatment. While among Westerners, both 1 and 2 reduced-function CYP2C19 allele carriers had the reduced effect, and it mainly occurred within the first 30 days. Thirdly, the safety of clopidogrel was almost the same among races. Reduced-function allele non-carriers had higher risk for total bleeding but did not have higher risk for major bleeding. It is suggested that CYP2C19 polymorphism affects the efficacy of clopidogrel differently among Westerners and Asians.
Continental Population Groups ; Cytochrome P-450 CYP2C19 ; genetics ; Gene Frequency ; Humans ; Platelet Aggregation Inhibitors ; therapeutic use ; Polymorphism, Genetic ; Ticlopidine ; analogs & derivatives ; therapeutic use ; Treatment Outcome

Objective To understand the willingness to receive human papillomawrus (HPV) vaccination of men who have sex with men (MSM) and the male clients of sexually transmitted disease (STD) clinics and related factors in China.Methods MSM were enrolled from the community through snowball sampling and male clients of STD clinics were enrolled from a sexual health clinic through convenience sampling in Wuxi,China.A questionnaire survey on the subjects' socio-demographic characteristics and the awareness of HPV was conducted.Results A total of 186 MSM and 182 STD clients were recruited.The awareness rates of HPV were 18.4％ and 23.1％,respectively and the awareness rates of HPV vaccination were 10.2％ and 15.4％,respectively.STD clinic clients (70.9％) were more likely to receive HPV vaccination than MSM (34.9％) (x2=47.651,P＜0.01).Only 26.2％ of MSM and 20.2％ of STD clinic clients were willing to receive free HPV vaccination before the age of 20 years.Multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that MSM who had passive anal sex (OR=2.831,95％ CI:1.703-13.526),MSM who never used condom in anal sex in the past 6 months (OR=3.435,95％CI:1.416-20.108),MSM who had been diagnosed with STDs (OR=1.968,95％CI:1.201-8.312) and STD clinic clients who had commercial sex with females in the past 3 months (OR=1.748,95％ CI:1.207-8.539),STD clinic clients who never used condom in commercial sex in the past 3 months (OR=1.926,95％CI:1.343-5.819) and STD clinic clients who had been diagnosed with STDs in past 12 months (OR=2.017,95％CI:1.671-7.264) were more likely to receive free HPV vaccination.Conclusion Sexually active MSM and male clients in STD clinics in China had lower awareness of the HPV related knowledge.Their willing to receive HPV vaccination were influenced by their behavior related factors.It is necessary to strengthen the health education about HPV and improve people's awareness of HPV vaccination.

Objective To understand the willingness on acceptance of a short-message-service (SMS) program provided for HIV/STD testing and the related factors,among male clients at the STD clinics in China.Methods Convenience sampling method was used to select study subjectsat a STD clinic in Wuxi,Jiangsu province.A questionnaire survey was conducted among the subjects to collect the information on socio-demographic characteristics and willingness of acceptance to the SMS.Results A total of 368 SMS subjects were surveyed,in which 75.5％ expressed the willingness of acceptance,while 57.2％ and 38.1％ of them wanted to receive the short message every 3 months or 6 months,respectively.53.8％ of the respondents showed their willingness to share the news with their sexual partners about SMS and 44.8％ of them would do the same to their friends.Data from the Multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that those who had received senior high school or above education (aOR =3.632,95％CI:1.939-6.715),having homosexual behavior (aOR =1.973,95％ CI:1.234-8.358) or those having received AIDS related intervention service in the past year (aOR=9.416,95％CI:4.822-18.309) were more likely to accept the SMS.Conclusion SMS seemed to be acceptable among the male STD clinic clients in Wuxi,suggesting that it is feasible to conduct the SMS as a strategy to improve the HIV/STDs testing program at the STD clinics in the future.Promotion of SMS should be strengthened and the provision of general AIDS intervention service at the STD clinics should be established in order to make more STD clinic clients understand this SMS.