PURPOSE: This study aimed to compare lung perfusion scan with single photon emission computed tomography/computed tomography (SPECT/CT) for the evaluation of lung function and to elucidate the most appropriate modality for the prediction of postoperative lung function in patients with lung cancer.METHODS: A total of 181 patients underwent Tc-99m macroaggregated albumin lung perfusion scan and SPECT/CT to examine the ratio of diseased lung and diseased lobe. Forty-one patients with lung cancer underwent both preoperative and postoperative pulmonary function tests within 1 month to predict postoperative pulmonary function. Predicted postoperative forced expiratory volume in 1 s (ppoFEV₁) was calculated by the % radioactivity of lung perfusion scan and SPECT, and the % volume of the residual lung, assessed on CT.RESULTS: The ratios of diseased lung as seen on lung perfusion scan and SPECT showed significant correlation, but neither modality correlated with CT. The ratios of the diseased lung and diseased lobe based on CT were higher than the ratios based on either perfusion scan or SPECT, because CT overestimated the function of the diseased area. The lobar ratio of both upper lobes was lower based on the perfusion scan than on SPECT but was higher for both lower lobes. Actual postoperative FEV₁ showed significant correlation with ppoFEV₁ based on lung perfusion SPECT and perfusion scan.CONCLUSIONS: We suggest SPECT/CT as the primary modality of choice for the assessment of the ratio of diseased lung area. Both perfusion scan and SPECT/CT can be used for the prediction of postoperative lung function.
Forced Expiratory Volume ; Humans ; Lung Neoplasms ; Lung Volume Measurements ; Lung ; Perfusion ; Radioactivity ; Respiratory Function Tests ; Tomography, Emission-Computed, Single-Photon

OBJECTIVE: Radiation is used extensively in emergency centers. Computed tomography and X-ray imaging are used frequently. Portable X-rays, in particular, cause a significant amount of indirect radiation exposure to medical personnel. The authors' emergency center was remodeled, and a comparative study of radiation exposure was carried out in certain places that had experienced radiation for a long time. METHODS: The cumulative radiation dose was measured 20 times in the 24 hours prior to remodeling, and the cumulative radiation dose was measured again 20 times across the 24-hour period. The measurement points were fixed at the emergency doctor's seat (Zone A), charge nurse's seat (Zone B), and section nurse's seat (Zone C). During the 24-hour cumulative radiation measurement period, the number of portable X-ray shots was recorded in the emergency center. RESULTS: The mean of the 24-hour cumulative radiation measurements in zone A was 3.36±0.07 µSV and 4.54±0.07 µSV before and after remodeling, respectively (P<0.001). Regarding the number of portable X-rays performed during the measurement, a higher number of trials in the Pearson correction correlated with a higher radiation measurement. CONCLUSION: In an emergency medical center, there is a higher level of low-dose radiation exposure compared to that experienced from natural radioactivity. Regarding the number of portable X-rays, the cumulative radiation dose measured 24 hours after remodeling increased and can be assumed to be related to the environment.
Emergencies ; Radiation Exposure ; Radioactivity

PURPOSE: Oxidized low-density lipoprotein (oxLDL) plays a key role in endothelial dysfunction, vascular inflammation, and atherogenesis. The aim of this study was to assess blood clearance and in vivo kinetics of radiolabeled oxLDL in mice.METHODS: We synthesized ¹²³I-oxLDL by the iodine monochloride method, and performed an uptake study in CHO cells transfected with lectin-like oxLDL receptor-1 (LOX-1). In addition, we evaluated the consistency between the ¹²³I-oxLDL autoradiogram and the fluorescence image of DiI-oxLDL after intravenous injection for both spleen and liver. Whole-body dynamic planar images were acquired 10 min post injection of ¹²³I-oxLDL to generate regional time-activity curves (TACs) of the liver, heart, lungs, kidney, head, and abdomen. Regional radioactivity for those excised tissues as well as the bladder, stomach, gut, and thyroid were assessed using a gamma counter, yielding percent injected dose (%ID) and dose uptake ratio (DUR). The presence of ¹²³I-oxLDL in serum was assessed by radio-HPLC.RESULTS: The cellular uptakes of ¹²³I-oxLDL were identical to those of DiI-oxLDL, and autoradiograms and fluorescence images also exhibited consistent distributions. TACs after injection of ¹²³I-oxLDL demonstrated extremely fast kinetics. The radioactivity uptake at 10 min postinjection was highest in the liver (40.8 ± 2.4% ID). Notably, radioactivity uptake was equivalent throughout the rest of the body (39.4 ± 2.7% ID). HPLC analysis revealed no remaining ¹²³I-oxLDL or its metabolites in the blood.CONCLUSION: ¹²³I-OxLDL was widely distributed not only in the liver, but also throughout the whole body, providing insight into the pathophysiological effects of oxLDL.
Abdomen ; Animals ; Atherosclerosis ; CHO Cells ; Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid ; Cricetinae ; Fluorescence ; Head Kidney ; Heart ; Inflammation ; Injections, Intravenous ; Iodine ; Kinetics ; Lipoproteins ; Liver ; Lung ; Methods ; Mice ; Radioactivity ; Spleen ; Stomach ; Thyroid Gland ; Urinary Bladder

OBJECTIVE: To predict the probability of lymphedema development in breast cancer patients in the early post-operation stage, we investigated the ability of quantitative lymphoscintigraphic assessment. METHODS: This retrospective study included 201 patients without lymphedema after unilateral breast cancer surgery. Lymphoscintigraphy was performed between 4 and 8 weeks after surgery to evaluate the lymphatic system in the early postoperative stage. Quantitative lymphoscintigraphy was performed using four methods: ratio of radiopharmaceutical clearance rate of the affected to normal hand; ratio of radioactivity of the affected to normal hand; ratio of radiopharmaceutical uptake rate of the affected to normal axilla (RUA); and ratio of radioactivity of the affected to normal axilla (RRA). During a 1-year follow-up, patients with a circumferential interlimb difference of 2 cm at any measurement location and a 200-mL interlimb volume difference were diagnosed with lymphedema. We investigated the difference in quantitative lymphoscintigraphic assessment between the non-lymphedema and lymphedema groups. RESULTS: Quantitative lymphoscintigraphic assessment revealed that the RUA and RRA were significantly lower in the lymphedema group than in the non-lymphedema group. After adjusting the model for all significant variables (body mass index, N-stage, T-stage, type of surgery, and type of lymph node surgery), RRA was associated with lymphedema (odds ratio=0.14; 95% confidence interval, 0.04–0.46; p=0.001). CONCLUSION: In patients in the early postoperative stage after unilateral breast cancer surgery, quantitative lymphoscintigraphic assessment can be used to predict the probability of developing lymphedema.
Axilla ; Breast Neoplasms* ; Breast* ; Clinical Study* ; Follow-Up Studies ; Hand ; Humans ; Lymph Nodes ; Lymphatic System ; Lymphedema* ; Lymphoscintigraphy* ; Radioactivity ; Retrospective Studies* ; Unilateral Breast Neoplasms

Hyaluronic acid (HA) has been investigated for biomedical and pharmaceutical applications. This study was conducted to determine the distributions of HA nanoparticles (NPs; size 350–400 nm) and larger HA polymers in mice at intervals after application. ¹⁷⁷Lutetium (Lu)-labeled HA-NPs or HA polymers were intravenously injected (5 mg/kg) into male ICR mice, and radioactivity levels in blood and target organs were measured from 0.25 h to 28 days post-injection. In blood, the radioactivities of HA-NPs and HA polymer peaked at 0.5 h after injection but were remarkably decreased at 2 h; subsequently, they maintained a constant level until 6 days post-injection. HA-NPs and HA polymers were observed in the liver, spleen, lung, kidney, and heart (in ascending order) but were seldom observed in other organs. After 3 days, both the HA-NP and HA polymer levels showed similar steady decreases in lung, kidney, and heart. However, in liver and spleen, the HA-NP levels tended to decrease gradually after 1 day and both were very low after 14 days, whereas the HA polymer level accumulated for 28 days. The results indicate that HA-NPs, with their faster clearance pattern, may act as a better drug delivery system than HA polymers, especially in the liver and spleen.
Animals ; Drug Delivery Systems ; Heart ; Humans ; Hyaluronic Acid* ; Kidney ; Liver ; Lung ; Male ; Mice* ; Mice, Inbred ICR ; Nanoparticles* ; Polymers* ; Radioactivity ; Spleen

BACKGROUND: Lung cancer is the leading cause of cancer-related death worldwide, for which smoking is considered as the primary risk factor. The present study was conducted to determine whether genetic alterations induced by radon exposure are associated with the susceptible risk of lung cancer in never smokers. METHODS: To accurately identify mutations within individual tumors, next generation sequencing was conduct for 19 pairs of lung cancer tissue. The associations of germline and somatic variations with radon exposure were visualized using OncoPrint and heatmap graphs. Bioinformatic analysis was performed using various tools. RESULTS: Alterations in several genes were implicated in lung cancer resulting from exposure to radon indoors, namely those in epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR), tumor protein p53 (TP53), NK2 homeobox 1 (NKX2.1), phosphatase and tensin homolog (PTEN), chromodomain helicase DNA binding protein 7 (CHD7), discoidin domain receptor tyrosine kinase 2 (DDR2), lysine methyltransferase 2C (MLL3), chromodomain helicase DNA binding protein 5 (CHD5), FAT atypical cadherin 1 (FAT1), and dual specificity phosphatase 27 (putative) (DUSP27). CONCLUSIONS: While these genes might regulate the carcinogenic pathways of radioactivity, further analysis is needed to determine whether the genes are indeed completely responsible for causing lung cancer in never smokers exposed to residential radon.
Cadherins ; Computational Biology ; DNA-Binding Proteins ; Dual-Specificity Phosphatases ; Genes, Homeobox ; Lung Neoplasms* ; Lung* ; Lysine ; Radioactivity ; Radon* ; Receptor, Epidermal Growth Factor ; Risk Factors ; Smoke ; Smoking ; TYK2 Kinase

OBJECTIVE: Para-aortic indocyanine-green (ICG)-guided targeted compartmental lymphadenectomy is feasible in early ovarian cancer; systematic pelvic and para-aortic lymphadenectomy could potentially be avoided if thoroughly investigated sentinel nodes could predict whether residual nodes will be involved or free of disease. In contrast to advanced ovarian cancer, where the therapeutic potential of lymphadenectomy will soon be clarified by the results of the Arbeitsgemeinschaft Gynäkologische Onkologie lymphadenectomy in ovarian neoplasms (AGO LION) trial, systematic lymphadenectomy seems to be mandatory for diagnostic and also therapeutic purposes in early ovarian cancer. Sentinel node biopsy or resection of the regional lymphatic network may reduce morbidity compared to systematic lymphadenectomy as shown already for other entities. Apart from the ovarian mesonephric pathway, a second Müllerian uterine pathway exists for lymphatic drainage of the ovary. Lymphatic valves apparently do not exist at this level of the utero-ovarian network since injection of radioactivity into the ovarian ligaments also labelled pelvic nodes. METHODS: We applied ICG using 4×0.5 mL of a 1.66 mg/mL ICG solution for transcervical injection into the fundal and midcorporal myometrium at each side instead of injection into the infundibulopelvic ligament, since the utero-ovarian drainage was intact. RESULTS: In this case a 1.8 cm cancer of the right ovary was removed in continuity with its draining lymphatic vessels and at least the first 2 sentinel nodes in each channel “en bloc” as shown in this video for the pelvic part, consistent with the loco-regional ontogenetic approach. CONCLUSION: This could potentially avoid most of systematic lymphadenectomies in early ovarian cancer.
Animals ; Biopsy ; Drainage ; Female ; Indocyanine Green ; Ligaments ; Lymph Node Excision* ; Lymphatic Vessels ; Mice ; Myometrium ; Ovarian Neoplasms* ; Ovary ; Radioactivity

We herein present a case of a 29-year-old man with clear rhinorrhea, which persisted for 8 years following a myringotomy. After cotton pledgets were placed in several different regions of the nasal cavity, cisternography using Tc-99m DTPA was performed to measure the radioactivity of each pledget. Cisternography showed subtle uptake in the nasal cavity. However, intense uptake was detected in the pledget placed in the right eustachian tube orifice, where the pledget:serum count ratio was 10.3:1. The patient underwent duroplasty and cranioplasty, and the rhinorrhea resolved.
Adult ; Cerebrospinal Fluid Leak ; Cerebrospinal Fluid Rhinorrhea ; Cerebrospinal Fluid ; Eustachian Tube ; Humans ; Nasal Cavity ; Pentetic Acid ; Radioactivity ; Radionuclide Imaging

PURPOSE: To analyze clinical outcomes of sentinel lymph node (SLN) biopsy in lower extremity melanoma with dual-basin drainage on lymphoscintigraphy.METHODS: We retrospectively analyzed patients with lower extremity melanoma who underwent lymphoscintigraphy and SLN biopsy in a single center between 2006 and 2015. Gamma probe was used to detect SLNs. For dual-basin drainage, we regarded a basin that showed a two-fold greater radioactivity value than the others as a ‘dominant’ basin. SLN biopsy was performed only for the dominant basin. If two basins showed similar radioactivity, biopsy was conducted for both.RESULTS: One hundred and seven patients underwent preoperative lymphoscintigraphy, and 29 dual (popliteal, inguinal) drainages were found. Of the 29 melanomas with dual drainage, seven showed similar radioactivity on both basins, 22 showed inguinal as the dominant basin and no melanoma had a dominant popliteal basin. Among the seven patients who underwent dual-basin biopsy, six had negative results, all of which experienced no recurrence during follow-up. Among the 22 patients who underwent biopsy of the dominant inguinal basin, 19 had negative results. During the follow-up, these patients showed six recurrences, but none of them experienced popliteal recurrence. All three patients who had tumor-positive inguinal node experienced recurrence in the popliteal basin as well as at other sites.CONCLUSION: For melanomas showing dual-basin drainage on lymphoscintigraphy, performing SLN biopsy only on the dominant (inguinal) basin is reliable when the dominant basin shows negative results. However, considering the recurrence pattern of our data, a tumor-positive dominant basin should prompts an SLN biopsy of the other basin.
Biopsy ; Drainage ; Follow-Up Studies ; Humans ; Lower Extremity ; Lymph Nodes ; Lymphoscintigraphy ; Melanoma ; Radioactivity ; Recurrence ; Retrospective Studies ; Sentinel Lymph Node Biopsy

To investigate kinetics of free 177Lu and 177Lu-labeled thermally cross-linked superparamagnetic iron oxide nanoparticles (TCL-SPION), suspensions were intravenously injected into the tail vein of mice at a dose of 5 microCi/mouse or 15 mg/kg body weight, respectively. Free 177Lu radioactivity levels were highest in kidney followed by liver and lung 1 day post-injection. 177Lu-labeled TCL-SPION radioactivity in liver and spleen was significantly higher compared to that of other organs throughout the experimental period (p < 0.05). Radioactivity in blood, brain, and epididymis rapidly declined until 28 days. Based on these results, TCL-SPION could be a safe carrier of therapeutics.
Animals ; Body Weight ; Brain ; Epididymis ; Iron* ; Kidney ; Kinetics ; Liver ; Lung ; Male ; Mice ; Mice, Inbred ICR* ; Nanoparticles* ; Radioactivity ; Spleen ; Suspensions ; Veins