AIM To study the amino acids and proteins in 16 batches of commercial fish swim-bladders with different origins.METHODS A high performance liquid chromatography method based on pre-column derivatization using 6-aminoquinolyl-N-hydroxysuccinimidyl carbamate(AQC)was developed for the determination of contents and components of 17 amino acids in fish swim-bladders.Sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis(SDS-PAGE)was performed to analyze the molecular weight distribution of proteins from different fish swim-bladders,and proteins in fish swim-bladders were identified by proteomics method.RESULTS The result showed that the determination of 17 amino acids had a good linear relationship(R2≥0.998 0).The average recovery rate was 85.62%-109.60%and the relative standard deviations of precision,stability and repeatability were less than 3.5%.The total content of the 17 amino acids in 16 batches of fish swim-bladders ranged from 468.31 mg/g to 620.05 mg/g.A total of 688 proteins including 11 collagens were identified from 16 batches of fish swim-bladder samples and a plenty of low-abundance proteins at 52-95 kDa were also detected in fish swim-bladders by SDS-PAGE.CONCLUSION This study provides a good reference for the quality evaluation and further utilization of fish swim-bladders.

Objective To investigate the current situation and influencing factors of latent tuberculosis infection(LTBI)among close contacts of positive etiology pulmonary tuberculosis(PTB)patients,provide basis for formula-ting intervention measures for LTBI.Methods A multi-stage stratified cluster random sampling method was used to select close contacts of positive etiology PTB patients from 39 districts and counties in Chongqing City as the study objects.Demographic information was collected by questionnaire survey and the infection of Mycobacterium tuberculosis was detected by interferon gamma release assay(IGRA).The influencing factors of LTBI were analyzed by x2 test and binary logistic regression model.Results A total of 2 591 close contacts were included,the male to female ratio was 0.69∶1,with the mean age of(35.72±16.64)years.1 058 cases of LTBI were detected,Myco-bacterium tuberculosis latent infection rate was 40.83％.Univariate analysis showed that the infection rate was dif-ferent among peoples of different age,body mass index(BMI),occupation,education level,marital status,wheth-er they had chronic disease or major surgery history,whether they lived together with the indicator case,and whether the cumulative contact time with the indicator case ≥250 hours,difference were all statistically significant(all P＜0.05);infection rate presented increased trend with the increase of age and BMI(both P＜0.001),and decreased trend with the increase of education(P＜0.05).Logistic regression analysis showed that age 45-54 years old(OR=1.951,95％CI:1.031-3.693),age 55-64 years old(OR=2.473,95％CI:1.279-4.781),other occupations(OR=0.530,95％CI:0.292-0.964),teachers(OR=0.439,95％CI:0.242-0.794),students(OR=0.445,95％CI:0.233-0.851),junior high school education or below(OR=1.412,95％CI:1.025-1.944),BMI＜18.5 kg/m2(OR=0.762,95％CI:0.586-0.991),co-living with indicator cases(OR=1.621,95％CI1.316-1.997)and cumu-lative contact time with indicator cases ≥250 hours(OR=1.292,95％CI:1.083-1.540)were the influential fac-tors for LTBI(all P＜0.05).Conclusion The close contacts with positive etiology PTB have a high latent infection rate of Mycobacterium tuberculosis,and it is necessary to pay attention to close contacts of high age,farmers,and frequent contact with patients,and take timely targeted interventions to reduce the risk of occurrence of disease.

Currently,the research or publications related to the clinical comprehensive evaluation of Chinese patent medicine are increasing,which attracts the broad attention of all circles. According to the completed clinical evaluation report on Chinese patent medicine,there are still practical problems and technical difficulties such as unclear responsibility of the evaluation organization,unclear evaluation subject,miscellaneous evaluation objects,and incomplete and nonstandard evaluation process. In terms of evaluation standards and specifications,there are different types of specifications or guidelines with different emphases issued by different academic groups or relevant institutions. The professional guideline is required to guide the standardized and efficient clinical comprehensive evaluation of Chinese patent medicine and further improve the authority and quality of evaluation. In combination with the characteristics of Chinese patent medicine and the latest research achievement at home and abroad,the detailed specifications were formulated from six aspects including design,theme selection,content and index,outcome,application and appraisal,and quality control. The guideline was developed based on the guideline development requirements of China Assoication of Chinese medicine. After several rounds of expert consensus and public consultation,the current version of the guideline has been developed.
Medicine, Chinese Traditional ; Nonprescription Drugs ; Consensus ; China ; Reference Standards ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal

AIM: To explore the feasibility of swept source optical coherence tomography angiography(SS-OCTA)in evaluating early retinal and choroidal microcirculation changes in patients with hypertension.METHODS:Prospective clinical study. A total of 27 patients with grade 2 or 3 essential hypertension(hypertension group)diagnosed in the Department of Cardiology of Xi'an First Hospital from July to November 2022 were included in the study. There were 14 males and 13 females. The mean age was(57.11±3.36)years. During the same period, 27 age- and sex-matched normal people without a history of hypertension were selected as the control group, including 12 males and 15 females. The average age was(55.74±2.95)years old. All patients underwent BCVA(LogMAR), intraocular pressure, axial length, slit lamp examination, fundus color photography and SS-OCTA examination. SS-OCTA was used to scan the macular area of the right eye in the range of 6×6 mm. The retina and choroid were divided into three concentric circles with diameters of 0-1 mm, 1-3 mm and 3-6 mm around the fovea according to ETDRS. Macular vessel density(VD), perfusion area(PA), retinal thickness(CMT), choroidal thickness(CT), choroidal vessel volume(CVV)and choroidal vasculr index(CVI)of the superficial capillary plexus(SCP)and the deep capillary plexus(DCP)in the macular area of 0-1 mm, 1-3 mm and 3-6 mm were analyzed and recorded. The changes in VD, PA, CMT, CT, CVV and CVI were compared between the two groups. Independent sample t-test was used to compare VD, PA, CMT and CVI between the two groups; CT, CVV and LogMAR visual acuity were analyzed by Wilcoxon signed rank test of independent samples.RESULTS:Compared with the control group, the hypertensive group had significantly lower VD in the macular area 0-3 mm(0-1 mm, t=-3.144; 1-3 mm, t=-3.611, P<0.05). VD in the area of 3-6 mm showed a tendency to increase compared with the control group(t=1.715, P>0.05). The CMT in the 0-1mm area of the macular area in the hypertension group was lower than that in the control group(t=-2.624, P<0.05). There was no significant difference in CT, CVV and CVI between the two groups(P>0.05).CONCLUSION:The VD of DCP in the 0-3 mm area and the CMT in the 0-1 mm area are decreased in hypertensive patients. There were no significant differences in CT, CVV and CVI between the two groups. VD and CMT in macular DCP may be used as indicators to evaluate the early changes of retinal and choroidal microcirculation in hypertensive patients.

Objective To discuss the effect of Anemarrhenae Rhizoma with different proportions on the dissolution of 6 inorganic elements(K,Ti,Sr,Ba,Ca,Mg)in Gypsum Fibrosum under different compatibility based on grey correlation analysis and technique for order preference by similarity to an ideal solution(TOPSIS)method and to provide reference for clinical application.Methods Inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry(ICP-MS)was established for simultaneous analysis of inorganic elements K,Ti,Sr,Ba,Ca,Mg in Gypsum Fibrosum-Anemarrhenae Rhizoma.The gray correlation ananlysis and TOPSIS method were used to comprehensively analyze the changes of six inorganic elements in Gypsum Fibrosum under different compatibility.Results The findings of the ICP-MS determination of inorganic elements in Gypsum Fibrosum-Anemarrhenae Rhizoma were good in terms of linearity,precision,repeatability and stability.The average recovery was 81.78％-104.13％,and the RSD was 2.10％-4.62％(n=6).The dissolution of six inorganic elements in Gypsum Fibrosum after compatibility with different proportions of Anemarrhena Rhizoma was significantly higher than that of Gypsum Fibrosum single decoction(P＜0.05).The dissolution scores of six inorganic elements in Gypsum Fibrosum were the highest when the compatibility proportion of Gypsum Fibrosum-Anemarrhenae Rhizoma was 30∶9.Conclusion ICP-MS is a sensitive and accurate method for determining K,Ti,Sr,Ba,Ca and Mg in Gypsum Fibrosum-Anemarrhenae Rhizoma.The best compatibility ratio of Gypsum Fibrosum-Anemarrhenae Rhizoma is 30:9,which can effectively improve the dissolution of six inorganic elements in Gypsum Fibrosum,and provide the basis for the further compatibility study of Gypsum Fibrosum and Anemarrhenae Rhizoma.

Objective:To evaluate the residual risk (RR) of transfusion transmitted HIV (TT-HIV) after the implementation of nucleic acid amplification test (NAT) in blood screening test among blood centers in China.Methods:The data of blood donors and HIV infection markers from 2017 to 2020 were collected from 28 blood centers via the Platform of Comparison of blood establishments Practice in Chinese Mainland. The new infection rate/window period mathematical model was used for two types of blood screening strategies, namely, two rounds ELISA plus individual NAT take turn with pooling NAT (2ELISA+ ID-NAT/MP-NAT) and two ELISA plus one round pooling NAT (2ELISA+ MP-NAT), and the RR of HIV infection was estimated also based on first donors (FDs) and repeated donors (RDs) in different blood donation years. T-test analyses were conducted for comparing TT HIV RR among FDs and RDs in different blood donation years with two blood screening strategies, and the variation trend of RR in HIV test was observed.Results:From 2017 to 2020, the RR of FDs in 2ELISA+ ID-NAT/MP-NAT blood screening strategy was 2.869/10 6 person-year, 3.795/10 6 persons-year, 3.879/10 6 person-year, and 2.890/10 6 person-year respectively. The RR of RDs was 1.797/10 6 person-year, 1.502/10 6 person-year, 1.857/10 6 person-year, and 1.483/10 6 person-year respectively. Significant difference exists between RR of FDs and RDs, with F=9.898 and p<0.05. In 2ELISA+ MP-NAT strategy, the RR of FDs was 3.508/10 6 person-year, 1.868/10 6 person-year, 2.204/10 6 person-year, and 1.765/10 6 person-year respectively. The RR of RDs was 0.948/10 6 person-year, 0.926/10 6 person-year, 0.748/10 6 person-year, and 0.682/10 6 person-year respectively. Statistical difference existed between RR of FDs and RDs, with F=17.126 and P<0.05. There was no significant difference between the RR of FDs in these two strategies with F=3.493 and P>0.05, while there was a difference between the RR of RDs in these two strategies with F=24.516 and P<0.05, and a difference between the RR of total donors (TDs) in these two strategies F=20.216 and P<0.05. Conclusions:The RR of TT HIV significantly decreased after the introduction of NAT into blood test among blood centers in China. There were some differences in the RR of HIV testing among different blood screening strategies. There could be significant differences in the RR of HIV testing among different groups of blood donors. Compared with FDs, RDs is the low risk group for HIV.

Objective: To analyze the clinical characteristics of children with Burkitt lymphoma (BL) and to summarize the mid-term efficacy of China Net Childhood Lymphoma-mature B-cell lymphoma 2017 (CNCL-B-NHL-2017) regimen. Methods: Clinical features of 436 BL patients who were ≤18 years old and treated with the CNCL-B-NHL-2017 regimen from May 2017 to April 2021 were analyzed retrospectively. Clinical characteristics of patients at disease onset were analyzed and the therapeutic effects of patients with different clinical stages and risk groups were compared. Survival analysis was performed by Kaplan-Meier method, and Cox regression was used to identify the prognostic factors. Results: Among 436 patients, there were 368 (84.4%) males and 68 (15.6%) females, the age of disease onset was 6.0 (4.0, 9.0) years old. According to the St. Jude staging system, there were 4 patients (0.9%) with stage Ⅰ, 30 patients (6.9%) with stage Ⅱ, 217 patients (49.8%) with stage Ⅲ, and 185 patients (42.4%) with stage Ⅳ. All patients were stratified into following risk groups: group A (n=1, 0.2%), group B1 (n=46, 10.6%), group B2 (n=19, 4.4%), group C1 (n=285, 65.4%), group C2 (n=85, 19.5%). Sixty-three patients (14.4%) were treated with chemotherapy only and 373 patients (85.6%) were treated with chemotherapy combined with rituximab. Twenty-one patients (4.8%) suffered from progressive disease, 3 patients (0.7%) relapsed, and 13 patients (3.0%) died of treatment-related complications. The follow-up time of all patients was 24.0 (13.0, 35.0) months, the 2-year event free survival (EFS) rate of all patients was (90.9±1.4) %. The 2-year EFS rates of group A, B1, B2, C1 and C2 were 100.0%, 100.0%, (94.7±5.1) %, (90.7±1.7) % and (85.9±4.0) %, respectively. The 2-year EFS rates was higher in group A, B1, and B2 than those in group C1 (χ²=4.16, P=0.041) and group C2 (χ²=7.21, P=0.007). The 2-year EFS rates of the patients treated with chemotherapy alone and those treated with chemotherapy combined with rituximab were (79.3±5.1)% and (92.9±1.4)% (χ²=14.23, P<0.001) respectively. Multivariate analysis showed that stage Ⅳ (including leukemia stage), serum lactate dehydrogenase (LDH)>4-fold normal value, and with residual tumor in the mid-term evaluation were risk factors for poor prognosis (HR=1.38,1.23,8.52,95%CI 1.05-1.82,1.05-1.43,3.96-18.30). Conclusions: The CNCL-B-NHL-2017 regimen show significant effect in the treatment of pediatric BL. The combination of rituximab improve the efficacy further.
Adolescent ; Antineoplastic Combined Chemotherapy Protocols/therapeutic use* ; Burkitt Lymphoma/drug therapy* ; Child ; Disease-Free Survival ; Female ; Humans ; Lactate Dehydrogenases ; Lymphoma, B-Cell/drug therapy* ; Male ; Prognosis ; Retrospective Studies ; Rituximab/therapeutic use* ; Treatment Outcome

Objective: To evaluate the efficacy of the Hodgkin lymphoma (HL)-2013 regimen in the treatment of children with HL, and to investigate the prognostic factors of childhood HL. Methods: Clinical data of 145 children (aged ≤18 years) with newly diagnosed HL, treated with HL-2013 regimen in 8 tertiary referral centers for childhood cancer from August 2011 to April 2021 were analyzed retrospectively. All the diagnosis were confirmed by histopathological morphology and immunohistochemical examination. The clinical characteristics and treatment outcomes were summarized, and the patients were divided into different groups according to clinical characteristics. Kaplan-Meier method was used for survival analysis, and the comparison of survival rates between groups was performed with Log-rank test. Results: Of the 145 cases, there were 115 males and 30 females, the age at diagnosis was 7.9 (5.8, 10.6) years. Cervical lymph node enlargement (114 cases, 78.6%) was the common symptom of the disease, and 57 patients (39.3%) were accompanied by large masses. The most common pathological classification was mixed cell type (93 cases, 64.1%). According to the Ann Arbor staging system, there were 9 cases of stage Ⅰ, 62 cases of stage Ⅱ, 45 cases of stage Ⅲ, 29 cases of stage Ⅳ. According to the risk stratification: there were 14 cases of low-risk group, 76 cases of medium-risk group and 55 cases of high-risk group. Of all patients, 68 cases (46.9%) achieved an early complete remission (CR) after 2 courses of chemotherapy, and the CR rate was 93.8% (136/145) after first-line treatment. Disease recurrence or progression occurred in 22 cases (15.2%). Of all patients, 125 cases survived, 6 cases died and 14 cases were lost to follow-up. Among the survived cases, 123 cases were continuously at CR state,and the follow-up time was 55 (40, 76) months. The 5-year overall survival (OS) and event free survival (EFS) rates were (95.3±1.9)% and (84.2±3.0)% for the entire group, respectively. 5-year OS and EFS rates for patients with stage Ⅲ-Ⅳ were both lower than those for patients with stage Ⅰ-Ⅱ (χ²=6.28 and 7.58, both P<0.05), the 5-year OS and EFS rates for patients in high-risk group were both lower than those for patients in low-risk and medium-risk group (χ²=10.93, 7.79, both P<0.05). The 5-year OS rates for the patient with early CR and without early CR were 100.0% and (90.9±3.6)% (χ²=5.77, P=0.016). EFS rates for the patient with early CR (68 cases) and without early CR (77 cases) were (93.8±3.0)% and (75.8±5.0)% (χ²=8.78, P=0.003). Conclusions: HL-2013 regimen is significantly effective in the treatment of pediatric HL. However, the patients in high-risk group and those without early CR are prone to disease recurrence or progression. Stage Ⅲ-Ⅳ and without early CR were associated with worse prognosis.
Child ; Female ; Male ; Humans ; Hodgkin Disease ; Retrospective Studies ; Neoplasm Recurrence, Local ; China ; Antineoplastic Combined Chemotherapy Protocols ; Prognosis ; Disease-Free Survival

Objective: To introduce a new self-developed irrigation device(SID) that does not employ a sheath or an irrigation-suction system and evaluate to its efficiency in transcanal endoscopic ear surgery (TEES) for attic cholesteatoma. Methods: 38 patients who were subjected to TEES for attic cholesteatoma between October 2019 to June 2021 were included in this study, including 17 males and 21 females with an average age of (38.6±11.9) years. SID and underwater continuous drilling were used during operation. Width of endoscope and irrigation speed were measured when SID was applied. The operating time, surgical view and complications were compared between two groups. Results: The width of the endoscope was 3.5-4.6 mm in diameter and the irrigation speed was 20-40 ml/min when SID was used. SID cleaned the lens at the tip of the endoscope and created a clear field of view during TEES. The operation time was (86.6±18.1) min. The skin of the external ear canal was found injured during operation in 3 patients, but there were no complications such as necrosis of the flap, stenosis of external ear canal, sensorineural hearing loss, facial paralysis and cerebrospinal fluid leakage. Conclusions: SID is simple and enhances the efficacy of TEES, providing a new irrigation choice in TEES for attic cholesteatoma.
Humans ; Male ; Female ; Adult ; Middle Aged ; Cholesteatoma, Middle Ear/surgery* ; Suction ; Sudden Infant Death ; Otologic Surgical Procedures ; Ear, Middle/surgery*

Objective To analyze the changes of small molecular metabolites in the larvae of a deltamethrin-sensitive strain of Anopheles sinensis following exposure to deltamethrin, so as to provide the scientific basis for investigating the metabolic pathway and screening metabolic markers of deltamethrin in An. sinensis. Methods The 50% and 75% lethal concentrations (LC₅₀ and LC₇₅) of deltamethrin against the larvae of a deltamethrin-sensitive strain of An. sinensis were calculated in laboratory. The type and content of An. sinensis larvae metabolites were detected using high performance liquid chromatography and mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) following exposure to deltamethrin at LC₅₀ and LC₇₅ for 30 min and 24 h, and the changes of metabolites were analyzed. Results The LC₅₀ and LC₇₅ values of deltamethrin were 4.36 × 10^-3 µg/mL and 1.12 × 10^-2 µg/mL against thelarvae of a deltamethrin-sensitive strain of An. sinensis. Following exposure of the larvae of a deltamethrin-sensitive strain of An. sinensis to deltamethrin at LC₅₀ and LC₇₅ for 30 min, the differential metabolites mainly included organic oxygen compounds, carboxylic acid and its derivatives, fatty acyl and pyrimidine nucleotides, with reduced glucose levels. Following exposure for 24 h, the differential metabolites mainly included organic oxygen compounds, carboxylic acid and its derivatives, aliphatic acyl and purine nucleotides, with increased glucose level detected. Conclusion Carbohydrate, carboxylic acid and its derivatives, fatty acyls, amino acids and their derivatives may play important roles in deltamethrin metabolism in the larvae of a deltamethrin-sensitive strain of An. sinensis.