Humans ; Myocarditis/diagnostic imaging* ; Magnetic Resonance Imaging ; Myocardium ; Giant Cells

Humans ; Myocarditis/diagnostic imaging* ; Magnetic Resonance Imaging ; Myocardium ; Giant Cells

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES

Giant cell tumor of bone (GCTB) is a benign aggressive tumor primarily treated with surgery. Neoadjuvant treatment with denosumab or zoledronic acid is a common adjunct given to down-stage tumors and facilitate limb sparing surgery. This study sought to determine the characteristics, outcomes, and occurrence of complications following resection (RS) or extended curettage (EC) for GCTB of the lower extremities. Correlation of neoadjuvant therapy with the occurrence of complications was also investigated.

This is an analytical cross-sectional study of 30 patients diagnosed with GCTB of the lower extremity treated between 2015 to 2022 in a single tertiary hospital. Functional outcomes were determined using the 1993 version of the Musculoskeletal Tumor Society (MSTS) score. Mean follow-up for all patients was 2.6 years (SD 1.8). Twenty-two patients (73%) underwent resection, while eight (27%) patients underwent extended curettage. Of the 30 patients, 26 (87%) patients received neoadjuvant therapy, with 21 (81%) given denosumab and five (19%) given zoledronic acid.

Functional outcomes were excellent for 23 patients (77%), with no significant difference between RS and EC groups. Nine complications occurred in the RS group, including dehiscence (n=3), superficial infection (n=2), implant failure (n=1), nonunion (n=1), palsy (n=1), and implant irritation (n=1). Five complications occurred in the EC group, four of which were noted to be recurrences, with one case of deep infection. Recurrence was noted to be significantly higher (p=0.0004) in the EC group. Separate correlation analysis showed no significant difference in incidence of complications but found that duration of surgery was significantly longer (p=0.0001), and intraoperative blood loss was significantly higher (p=0.0072) in the RS group. No significant difference (p=0.78) was noted in complication rate between patients given denosumab versus zoledronic acid.

Functional outcomes of EC and RS appear to be comparable, including the incidence of complications. However, recurrence was noted to be significantly higher in EC. There appears to be no clear advantage between denosumab or zoledronic acid for GCTB. As a neoadjuvant medication and/or to control tumor progression, zoledronic acid may be the more economic option especially for patients in developing countries.

Giant cell tumors originating in the larynx are extremely rare. This article presents a case of a recurrent postoperative giant cell tumor of the larynx（GCTL）. The patient, a 28-year-old male, underwent a total thyroidectomy in June 2022 due to a thyroid mass. The postoperative pathological diagnosis was giant cell tumor of soft tissues. The patient was readmitted in June 2023 due to the recurrence of the neck mass and underwent partial laryngectomy and partial hypopharyngectomy to completely remove the tumor. Based on postoperative pathology, immunohistochemistry（H3.3 G34W+）, and genetic testing, the neck mass was ultimately diagnosed as GCTL. The patient did not receive radiotherapy or chemotherapy, and at the 12-month postoperative follow-up, there was no evidence of tumor recurrence.
Humans ; Male ; Laryngeal Neoplasms/surgery* ; Adult ; Neoplasm Recurrence, Local ; Giant Cell Tumors/surgery* ; Laryngectomy ; Thyroidectomy

Male ; Humans ; Prostate/pathology* ; Adenocarcinoma/pathology* ; Giant Cells/pathology*

Carcinoma/pathology* ; Giant Cells/pathology* ; Humans ; Osteoclasts/pathology* ; Pancreas/pathology* ; Pancreatic Neoplasms/surgery*

Cartilage and giant cell-related neoplastic lesions originating in the temporomandibular joint region have similar clinical, imaging and pathological manifestations, making the diagnosis of these disorders challenging to varying degrees. Diagnostic findings can influence treatment procedures and a definitive pathological diagnosis is important for the prognosis of these conditions. In this article, we discuss the pathological diagnosis and differentiation of four benign cartilage and giant cell related tumors and tumor-like lesions that occur in the temporomandibular joint, namely synovial chondromatosis, tumoral calcium pyrophosphate deposition disease, pigmented villonodular synovitis and chondroblastoma, taking into account their clinical features and histological manifestations, with a view to providing a basis for clinical management.
Humans ; Temporomandibular Joint/pathology* ; Chondromatosis, Synovial/pathology* ; Synovitis, Pigmented Villonodular/pathology* ; Giant Cells/pathology* ; Cartilage

Giant cell tumor of the bone (GCTB) is a benign bone tumor where it typically presents in the long bones, mainly at the knee regions. Rarely, benign GCTB can undergo sarcomatous malignant transformation (MGCTB). We report a case of a 63-year-old lady who presented with a swelling at the right side of the neck associated with dysphagia and voice changes. A contrast-enhanced computed tomography scan revealed a large mass seen arising from the hyoid bone with local mass effect and airway compression. However, no distant metastasis was seen. Multiple biopsies performed on the patient with the histopathology reports concluded as MGCTB. The tumor was unresectable. Therefore, the patient was treated with denosumab. She showed encouraging improvement post-treatment. We are highlighting this case report in view of the rare site of the disease and the use of denosumab in unresectable tumor with good response to therapy.
Giant Cell Tumors

Bone Neoplasms ; Giant Cell Tumors ; Giant Cells ; Granuloma, Giant Cell ; Humans

Giant cell hepatitis with autoimmune hemolytic anemia (AHA) is a rare disease of infancy characterized by the presence of both Coombs-positive hemolytic anemia and progressive liver disease with giant cell transformation of hepatocytes. Here, we report a case involving a seven-month-old male infant who presented with AHA followed by cholestatic hepatitis. The clinical features included jaundice, pallor, and red urine. Physical examination showed generalized icterus and splenomegaly. The laboratory findings suggested warm-type AHA with cholestatic hepatitis. Liver biopsy revealed giant cell transformation of hepatocytes and moderate lobular inflammation. The patient was successfully treated with four doses of rituximab. Early relapse of hemolytic anemia and hepatitis was observed, which prompted the use of an additional salvage dose of rituximab. He is currently in clinical remission.
Anemia, Hemolytic ; Anemia, Hemolytic, Autoimmune ; Biopsy ; Giant Cells ; Hepatitis ; Hepatocytes ; Humans ; Infant ; Inflammation ; Jaundice ; Liver ; Liver Diseases ; Male ; Pallor ; Physical Examination ; Rare Diseases ; Recurrence ; Rituximab ; Splenomegaly