ObjectiveMicrotube associated protein-2 （MAP-2）， alpha-tubulin （α-tubulin）， and synaptophysin （SYP） are important proteins in neuronal signal communication. This paper observed the effects of modified Zhigancao Tang on the expression of serum α-Synuclein （α-Syn） and its oligomers， MAP-2， α-tubulin， and SYP of patients with liver and kidney deficiency of Parkinson's disease （PD）， analyzed their correlation， and evaluated the therapeutic effect of modified Zhigancao Tang in patients with liver and kidney deficiency of PD based on α-Syn transmission pathway mediated by neuronal communication in vivo. MethodsA total of 60 patients with PD who met the inclusion criteria were randomly divided into a treatment group （30 cases） and a control group （30 cases）. Both groups were treated on the basis of PD medicine， and the treatment group was treated with modified Zhigancao Tang. Both groups were treated for 12 weeks. The changes in UPDRS score， TCM syndrome score， and expression of serum α-Syn and its oligomers， MAP-2， α-tubulin， and SYP were observed before and after 12 weeks of treatment in each group. The correlation between the above-mentioned serum biological indexes and the levels of serum α-Syn and its oligomers was analyzed. ResultsAfter treatment， the TCM syndrome score， UPDRS score， UPDRS-Ⅱ score， and UPDRS-Ⅲ score of the treatment group were significantly decreased （P<0.05， P<0.01）. The UPDRS score， UPDRS-Ⅱ score， and UPDRS-Ⅲ scores in the treatment group were significantly decreased compared with those in the control group after treatment （P<0.05）. After treatment， the total effective rate of the control group was 63.3% （19/30）， and that of the treatment group was 86.7% （26/30）. The clinical effect of the observation group was better than the control group （Z=-2.03， P<0.05）. The total effective rate of the observation group was better than that of the control group， and the difference was statistically significant （χ²=5.136， P<0.05）. After treatment， the oligomer level of serum α-Syn and MAP-2 level in the treatment group were significantly decreased （P<0.05， P<0.01）. The levels of serum α-Syn and its oligomers， as well as α-tubulin in the treatment group， were significantly decreased compared with those in the control group after treatment （P<0.05， P<0.01）. Serum α-Syn was correlated with serum MAP-2 and α-Syn oligomer in patients with PD （P<0.05， P<0.01） but not correlated with serum SYP . Serum α-Syn oligomers of patients with PD were correlated with serum MAP-2 and α-tubulin （P<0.05， P<0.01） but not correlated with serum SYP level. Serum SYP of patients with PD was correlated with serum MAP-2 （P<0.05）. ConclusionModified Zhigancao Tang has a therapeutic effect on patients with liver and kidney deficiency of PD by inhibiting the production of α-Syn oligomers and intervening α-Syn microtubule transport pathway in vivo.

AIM: To investigate and analyze the current situation and needs of clinical research nurses in China, in order to provide scientific basis for constructing a training system for research nurses, promoting standardized training, and achieving standardized management for them. METHODS:A self-made questionnaire was used to investigate 102 research nurses from nearly 70 well-known clinical trial institutions in China. The contents of the questionnaire mainly included the general information, professional experience and work content of the research nurses, the sense of accomplishment and training needs of clinical trial work. RESULTS: Among the 102 research nurses surveyed, 92.15% have a bachelor's degree or above; 53.92% of those have intermediate or higher professional titles; 74.51% of them are part-time research nurse. Among professional experiences, 19.61% have more than 10 years of clinical trial experience; 47.06%, 40.20%, and 21.17% of surveyed research nurses were authorized to participate in clinical trial drug management, sample management, and quality control; 70.59% of research nurses have a high sense of achievement in their daily work. In terms of education and training needs, clinical trial related laws and regulations, standardized training for clinical trial protocol implementation, and good clinical practice (GCP) are the three most important aspects. CONCLUSION: Clinical research nurses in China have a relatively high level of education and nursing experience, but there is still a large gap in the amount of professional full-time clinical research nurses in China. Due to the rapid development of innovative drugs and devices, as well as the urgent need to improve the clinical research system, it is necessary to establish a training, assessment, and evaluation system for research nurses that is in line with China's national conditions in order to improve the professional level of research nurses, and improve the quantity and quality of clinical trial research on innovative drugs and devices in China.

AIM:To investigate and analyze the current situation and needs of clinical research nurses in China,in order to provide scientific basis for constructing a training system for research nurs-es,promoting standardized training,and achieving standardized management for them.METHODS:A self-made questionnaire was used to investigate 102 research nurses from nearly 70 well-known clinical trial institutions in China.The contents of the questionnaire mainly included the general infor-mation,professional experience and work content of the research nurses,the sense of accomplish-ment and training needs of clinical trial work.RE-SULTS:Among the 102 research nurses surveyed,92.15％have a bachelor's degree or above;53.92％of those have intermediate or higher professional titles;74.51％of them are part-time research nurse.Among professional experiences,19.61％have more than 10 years of clinical trial experience;47.06％,40.20％,and 21.17％of surveyed research nurses were authorized to participate in clinical tri-al drug management,sample management,and quality control;70.59％of research nurses have a high sense of achievement in their daily work.In terms of education and training needs,clinical trial related laws and regulations,standardized training for clinical trial protocol implementation,and good clinical practice(GCP)are the three most important aspects.CONCLUSION:Clinical research nurses in China have a relatively high level of education and nursing experience,but there is still a large gap in the amount of professional full-time clinical re-search nurses in China.Due to the rapid develop-ment of innovative drugs and devices,as well as the urgent need to improve the clinical research system,it is necessary to establish a training,as-sessment,and evaluation system for research nurs-es that is in line with China's national conditions in order to improve the professional level of research nurses,and improve the quantity and quality of clinical trial research on innovative drugs and devic-es in China.

The post-translational modification of proteins is a key mechanism that imparts physiological functions to proteins,among which reversible phosphorylation modifications play a pivotal role in many biological processes.Aberrant changes in phosphorylation are often closely associated with various major disease processes.In recent years,with the aid of proteomic technologies and methods,high-throughput,high-precision qualitative and quantitative approaches for phosphorylated proteins have rapidly advanced.This article reviews the research progress of phosphorylated protein quantification and chemical proteomics analysis methods based on the"bottom-up"strategy,including phosphopeptide enrichment methods,mass spectrometry fragmentation methods,quantification analysis methods and phosphorylation site stoichiometry,and discusses the development trend of quantification and stoichiometric analysis methods for phosphorylated proteins.

AIM:To investigate and analyze the current situation and needs of clinical research nurses in China,in order to provide scientific basis for constructing a training system for research nurs-es,promoting standardized training,and achieving standardized management for them.METHODS:A self-made questionnaire was used to investigate 102 research nurses from nearly 70 well-known clinical trial institutions in China.The contents of the questionnaire mainly included the general infor-mation,professional experience and work content of the research nurses,the sense of accomplish-ment and training needs of clinical trial work.RE-SULTS:Among the 102 research nurses surveyed,92.15％have a bachelor's degree or above;53.92％of those have intermediate or higher professional titles;74.51％of them are part-time research nurse.Among professional experiences,19.61％have more than 10 years of clinical trial experience;47.06％,40.20％,and 21.17％of surveyed research nurses were authorized to participate in clinical tri-al drug management,sample management,and quality control;70.59％of research nurses have a high sense of achievement in their daily work.In terms of education and training needs,clinical trial related laws and regulations,standardized training for clinical trial protocol implementation,and good clinical practice(GCP)are the three most important aspects.CONCLUSION:Clinical research nurses in China have a relatively high level of education and nursing experience,but there is still a large gap in the amount of professional full-time clinical re-search nurses in China.Due to the rapid develop-ment of innovative drugs and devices,as well as the urgent need to improve the clinical research system,it is necessary to establish a training,as-sessment,and evaluation system for research nurs-es that is in line with China's national conditions in order to improve the professional level of research nurses,and improve the quantity and quality of clinical trial research on innovative drugs and devic-es in China.

AIM:To investigate and analyze the current situation and needs of clinical research nurses in China,in order to provide scientific basis for constructing a training system for research nurs-es,promoting standardized training,and achieving standardized management for them.METHODS:A self-made questionnaire was used to investigate 102 research nurses from nearly 70 well-known clinical trial institutions in China.The contents of the questionnaire mainly included the general infor-mation,professional experience and work content of the research nurses,the sense of accomplish-ment and training needs of clinical trial work.RE-SULTS:Among the 102 research nurses surveyed,92.15％have a bachelor's degree or above;53.92％of those have intermediate or higher professional titles;74.51％of them are part-time research nurse.Among professional experiences,19.61％have more than 10 years of clinical trial experience;47.06％,40.20％,and 21.17％of surveyed research nurses were authorized to participate in clinical tri-al drug management,sample management,and quality control;70.59％of research nurses have a high sense of achievement in their daily work.In terms of education and training needs,clinical trial related laws and regulations,standardized training for clinical trial protocol implementation,and good clinical practice(GCP)are the three most important aspects.CONCLUSION:Clinical research nurses in China have a relatively high level of education and nursing experience,but there is still a large gap in the amount of professional full-time clinical re-search nurses in China.Due to the rapid develop-ment of innovative drugs and devices,as well as the urgent need to improve the clinical research system,it is necessary to establish a training,as-sessment,and evaluation system for research nurs-es that is in line with China's national conditions in order to improve the professional level of research nurses,and improve the quantity and quality of clinical trial research on innovative drugs and devic-es in China.

AIM:To investigate and analyze the current situation and needs of clinical research nurses in China,in order to provide scientific basis for constructing a training system for research nurs-es,promoting standardized training,and achieving standardized management for them.METHODS:A self-made questionnaire was used to investigate 102 research nurses from nearly 70 well-known clinical trial institutions in China.The contents of the questionnaire mainly included the general infor-mation,professional experience and work content of the research nurses,the sense of accomplish-ment and training needs of clinical trial work.RE-SULTS:Among the 102 research nurses surveyed,92.15％have a bachelor's degree or above;53.92％of those have intermediate or higher professional titles;74.51％of them are part-time research nurse.Among professional experiences,19.61％have more than 10 years of clinical trial experience;47.06％,40.20％,and 21.17％of surveyed research nurses were authorized to participate in clinical tri-al drug management,sample management,and quality control;70.59％of research nurses have a high sense of achievement in their daily work.In terms of education and training needs,clinical trial related laws and regulations,standardized training for clinical trial protocol implementation,and good clinical practice(GCP)are the three most important aspects.CONCLUSION:Clinical research nurses in China have a relatively high level of education and nursing experience,but there is still a large gap in the amount of professional full-time clinical re-search nurses in China.Due to the rapid develop-ment of innovative drugs and devices,as well as the urgent need to improve the clinical research system,it is necessary to establish a training,as-sessment,and evaluation system for research nurs-es that is in line with China's national conditions in order to improve the professional level of research nurses,and improve the quantity and quality of clinical trial research on innovative drugs and devic-es in China.

AIM:To investigate and analyze the current situation and needs of clinical research nurses in China,in order to provide scientific basis for constructing a training system for research nurs-es,promoting standardized training,and achieving standardized management for them.METHODS:A self-made questionnaire was used to investigate 102 research nurses from nearly 70 well-known clinical trial institutions in China.The contents of the questionnaire mainly included the general infor-mation,professional experience and work content of the research nurses,the sense of accomplish-ment and training needs of clinical trial work.RE-SULTS:Among the 102 research nurses surveyed,92.15％have a bachelor's degree or above;53.92％of those have intermediate or higher professional titles;74.51％of them are part-time research nurse.Among professional experiences,19.61％have more than 10 years of clinical trial experience;47.06％,40.20％,and 21.17％of surveyed research nurses were authorized to participate in clinical tri-al drug management,sample management,and quality control;70.59％of research nurses have a high sense of achievement in their daily work.In terms of education and training needs,clinical trial related laws and regulations,standardized training for clinical trial protocol implementation,and good clinical practice(GCP)are the three most important aspects.CONCLUSION:Clinical research nurses in China have a relatively high level of education and nursing experience,but there is still a large gap in the amount of professional full-time clinical re-search nurses in China.Due to the rapid develop-ment of innovative drugs and devices,as well as the urgent need to improve the clinical research system,it is necessary to establish a training,as-sessment,and evaluation system for research nurs-es that is in line with China's national conditions in order to improve the professional level of research nurses,and improve the quantity and quality of clinical trial research on innovative drugs and devic-es in China.

AIM:To investigate and analyze the current situation and needs of clinical research nurses in China,in order to provide scientific basis for constructing a training system for research nurs-es,promoting standardized training,and achieving standardized management for them.METHODS:A self-made questionnaire was used to investigate 102 research nurses from nearly 70 well-known clinical trial institutions in China.The contents of the questionnaire mainly included the general infor-mation,professional experience and work content of the research nurses,the sense of accomplish-ment and training needs of clinical trial work.RE-SULTS:Among the 102 research nurses surveyed,92.15％have a bachelor's degree or above;53.92％of those have intermediate or higher professional titles;74.51％of them are part-time research nurse.Among professional experiences,19.61％have more than 10 years of clinical trial experience;47.06％,40.20％,and 21.17％of surveyed research nurses were authorized to participate in clinical tri-al drug management,sample management,and quality control;70.59％of research nurses have a high sense of achievement in their daily work.In terms of education and training needs,clinical trial related laws and regulations,standardized training for clinical trial protocol implementation,and good clinical practice(GCP)are the three most important aspects.CONCLUSION:Clinical research nurses in China have a relatively high level of education and nursing experience,but there is still a large gap in the amount of professional full-time clinical re-search nurses in China.Due to the rapid develop-ment of innovative drugs and devices,as well as the urgent need to improve the clinical research system,it is necessary to establish a training,as-sessment,and evaluation system for research nurs-es that is in line with China's national conditions in order to improve the professional level of research nurses,and improve the quantity and quality of clinical trial research on innovative drugs and devic-es in China.

AIM:To investigate and analyze the current situation and needs of clinical research nurses in China,in order to provide scientific basis for constructing a training system for research nurs-es,promoting standardized training,and achieving standardized management for them.METHODS:A self-made questionnaire was used to investigate 102 research nurses from nearly 70 well-known clinical trial institutions in China.The contents of the questionnaire mainly included the general infor-mation,professional experience and work content of the research nurses,the sense of accomplish-ment and training needs of clinical trial work.RE-SULTS:Among the 102 research nurses surveyed,92.15％have a bachelor's degree or above;53.92％of those have intermediate or higher professional titles;74.51％of them are part-time research nurse.Among professional experiences,19.61％have more than 10 years of clinical trial experience;47.06％,40.20％,and 21.17％of surveyed research nurses were authorized to participate in clinical tri-al drug management,sample management,and quality control;70.59％of research nurses have a high sense of achievement in their daily work.In terms of education and training needs,clinical trial related laws and regulations,standardized training for clinical trial protocol implementation,and good clinical practice(GCP)are the three most important aspects.CONCLUSION:Clinical research nurses in China have a relatively high level of education and nursing experience,but there is still a large gap in the amount of professional full-time clinical re-search nurses in China.Due to the rapid develop-ment of innovative drugs and devices,as well as the urgent need to improve the clinical research system,it is necessary to establish a training,as-sessment,and evaluation system for research nurs-es that is in line with China's national conditions in order to improve the professional level of research nurses,and improve the quantity and quality of clinical trial research on innovative drugs and devic-es in China.