Introduction: Epidermal nevi are hamartomas of the epidermis and papillary dermis that are usually present during the first years of life. Rarely, malignant transformations develop in association with epidermal nevi. Few cases have been reported worldwide, however the lifetime risk and incidence are unknown. Case Report: This is a case series about basal cell carcinoma arising on epidermal nevus. The first patient is a 42-year-old Filipino female, who presented with a verrucous plaque at birth on the left temple which then developed multiple, discrete to confluent, grayish, papules and nodules on the surface. Histological examination revealed nevus sebaceus and basal cell carcinoma, pigmented type. The second patient is a 53-year-old Filipino male, who presented with a papillomatous plaque on the left temple since the first year of life which then increased in size along with the presence of a solitary bluish-black macule noted by dermoscopic examination. Histologic examination showed verrucous epidermal nevus and basal cell carcinoma, pigmented type. Conclusion Two rare cases of basal cell carcinoma arising on epidermal nevus are reported. Despite the rarity of malignant transformation on epidermal nevus, any suspicious growth warrants a biopsy. Knowledge of these cases is important for probing suspicious growth over an epidermal nevus that would prompt early treatment before these lesions progress in size making it harder to manage.
epidermal nevus ; nevus sebaceus ; verrucous epidermal nevus ; basal cell carcinoma

BACKGROUND: Arborizing vessels (AVs) are dermoscopically defined as telangiectasias with distinct treelike branching, and are a characteristic feature of basal cell carcinoma (BCC). However, AVs are observed in various conditions other than BCC. OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study was to investigate skin diseases showing AV and investigates dermoscopic differences between BCC and non-BCC. METHODS: Dermoscopic images showing AV were prospectively collected and classified into BCC/non-BCC. Non-BCC was further classified into tumors (benign cystic, benign non-cystic, premalignant, and malignant) and non-tumors. We compared AV focusing, widest diameter of stem vessels, widest diameter ratio of stem vessel to first branch, and number of ramifications between groups. RESULTS: Among 124 images, 54.0% were BCC and 46.0% were non-BCC. Non-BCC included epidermal cysts, hypertrophic scars/keloids, intradermal nevi, actinic keratoses, etc. The proportion of focused AV in BCC was significantly higher and the proportion of unfocused AV in BCC was lower than that of premalignant and malignant non-BCC. The widest diameter ratio of stem vessel to first branch was higher in non-BCC. Number of ramifications was significantly less in benign cystic non-BCC than BCC. CONCLUSION: Various skin diseases showed AV, so that diagnoses other than BCC should be considered. The findings in this study could help discriminate BCC from non-BCC.
Carcinoma, Basal Cell* ; Dermoscopy* ; Diagnosis ; Epidermal Cyst ; Keratosis, Actinic ; Nevus, Intradermal ; Prospective Studies ; Skin Diseases* ; Skin* ; Telangiectasis

PURPOSE: To report the relative frequency and clinical characteristics of patients with benign eyelid tumors. METHODS: A retrospective study of 192 consecutive patients admitted to Korea University Ansan Hospital with benign eyelid tumor between January 2009 and December 2014 was undertaken, and clinical records including age, sex, involved site, and pathology of tumors were reviewed retrospectively. All eyelid tumors were confirmed histopathologically. RESULTS: The sexual distribution revealed 87 males and 105 females with benign eyelid tumors. The mean age at diagnosis was 42.6 +/- 19.2 years. Molluscum contagiosum (5.5 +/- 3.5 years) and pilomatrixoma (14.0 +/- 15.6 years) were generally found in younger individuals, while seborrheic keratosis (60.2 +/- 15.8 years) and squamous cell papilloma (50.5 +/- 13.4 years) occurred predominantly in elderly patients. Tumors were most common on the upper lid (63.0%). The four most frequent subtypes were melanocytic nevus (37.5%), epidermal cyst (8.3%), squamous cell papilloma (5.7%), and seborrheic keratosis (5.2%). CONCLUSIONS: The most common histopathological diagnosis of benign eyelid tumors was melanocytic nevus. The results of this study provide epidemiological information that will be useful for diagnosis and therapy of such tumors.
Aged ; Diagnosis ; Epidermal Cyst ; Eyelids* ; Female ; Gyeonggi-do ; Humans ; Keratosis, Seborrheic ; Korea ; Male ; Molluscum Contagiosum ; Nevus, Pigmented ; Papilloma ; Pathology ; Pilomatrixoma ; Retrospective Studies

An epidermal cyst is a keratin-filled lesion lined by an epidermis and presents as a single or multiple intradermal or subcutaneous mass. Sorafenib (Nexavar®, BAY 43-9006) is a tumor angiogenesis inhibitor that is used for treatment of hepatocellular and renal cell carcinomas. Sorafenib can cause a variety of cutaneous toxicities-hand-foot skin reaction (HFSR) and non-hand-foot skin reaction (non-HFSR). Symptoms of HFSR include paresthesia, tingling, burning or painful sensations of both palms and soles, and a decreased tolerance to hot objects. Non-HFSR cutaneous toxicities include yellow discoloration of the skin, alopecia, stomatitis, subungual splinter hemorrhages, facial swelling, keratoacanthomas, leukocytoclastic vasculitis, genital lesions, facial erythema, nevi, lentigenes, epidermal inclusion cysts, xerosis, etc. To our knowledge, the occurrence of epidermal cysts after sorafenib intake is very rare and has not yet been reported in Korea. Herein, we report a rare case of a hepatocellular carcinoma patient with multiple epidermal cysts following sorafenib intake.
Alopecia ; Bays ; Burns ; Carcinoma, Hepatocellular* ; Carcinoma, Renal Cell ; Epidermal Cyst* ; Epidermis ; Erythema ; Hemorrhage ; Humans ; Keratoacanthoma ; Korea ; Nevus ; Paresthesia ; Sensation ; Skin ; Stomatitis ; Vasculitis

BACKGROUND: There have been many changes to the social and medical environment in Korea and many studies showed a steady increase of cutaneous tumors. But none of them included a data occurring from head and neck. OBJECTIVE: To investigate the incidence and distribution of the cutaneous tumors of the head and neck. METHODS: A total of 1,415 cases of head and neck cutaneous tumors were obtained from pathology specimen at Department of Dermatology between 2010 and 2014. RESULTS: Among 1,415 cases of head and neck cutaneous tumors, 871 cases (61.5%) were benign tumors, 271 cases (19.2%) were malignant tumors, and 273 cases (19.2%) were premalignant lesions. The most common benign head and neck cutaneous tumors was epidermal cyst with 188 cases (21.6%), followed by 173 cases (19.9%) of seborrheic keratosis, 71 cases (8.2%) of intradermal nevi. Among the 271 cases of malignant head and neck cutaneous tumors, there were 164 cases (60.5%) of basal cell carcinoma, 89 cases (32.8%) of squamous cell carcinoma, 5 cases (1.8%) of malignant melanoma. The predilection sites of malignant head and neck tumors were face (87.5%), ear (4.8%) and neck (4.0%). Of the premalignant lesions, there were 210 cases (76.9%) of actinic keratosis, 36 cases (13.2%) of Bowen's disease and 27 cases (9.9%) of actinic cheilitis. CONCLUSION: In our study, the proportion of malignant tumors and premalignant lesion in head and neck tumors was higher than previous reports. Also, the percentage of woman in malignant tumors and premalignant lesions was higher than man, unlike previous studies. However, these results had limitation associated with retrospective study in a single institution, and further prospective study with multi-center is required for confirmation.
Actins ; Bowen's Disease ; Carcinoma, Basal Cell ; Carcinoma, Squamous Cell ; Cheilitis ; Clinical Study* ; Dermatology ; Ear ; Epidermal Cyst ; Female ; Head* ; Humans ; Incidence ; Keratosis, Actinic ; Keratosis, Seborrheic ; Korea ; Melanoma ; Neck* ; Nevus, Intradermal ; Pathology ; Prospective Studies ; Retrospective Studies

BACKGROUND: Eyelid tumors are common neoplasms encountered in daily dermatology practices and encompass a wide variety of benign and malignant tumors, since the eyelid has many tissue types. These tumors sometimes mimic common inflammatory conditions. Nonetheless, clinical investigation of these conditions remains limited. OBJECTIVE: To investigate the clinical and histopathological characteristics of eyelid skin tumors. METHODS: We retrospectively reviewed the medical records and clinical photographs of 148 patients with eyelid skin tumors confirmed by skin biopsy examination between January 2009 and May 2016. RESULTS: The mean patient age was 50.0 years, and the male-to-female ratio was 1:1.11. Malignant eyelid skin tumors accounted for 17.3% of the total number, and older patients were more likely to be affected by malignant tumors than benign tumors (66.2 years vs. 46.4 years). Epidermal cysts (15.5%), seborrheic keratosis (14.9%), and melanocytic nevus (14.2%) were the most common benign eyelid skin tumors. Basal cell carcinoma was the most common malignant tumor (69.2%), followed by squamous cell carcinoma (11.5%). Malignant skin tumors, especially basal cell carcinoma, predominantly involved the lower eyelid. No patient showed metastasis from the malignant skin tumors, and no case of recurrence was observed after wide excision of the tumors. CONCLUSION: Our findings suggest that various tumors, including malignant ones, can affect the eyelid area. This study provides useful data on the incidence and characteristics of eyelid skin tumors. Further investigation with a large group of patients is necessary to better understand the epidemiology of eyelid skin tumors.
Biopsy ; Carcinoma, Basal Cell ; Carcinoma, Squamous Cell ; Dermatology ; Epidemiology ; Epidermal Cyst ; Eyelids* ; Humans ; Incidence ; Keratosis, Seborrheic ; Korea* ; Medical Records ; Neoplasm Metastasis ; Nevus, Pigmented ; Recurrence ; Retrospective Studies ; Skin* ; Tertiary Care Centers*

BACKGROUND: Eyelid tumors are common neoplasms encountered in daily dermatology practices and encompass a wide variety of benign and malignant tumors, since the eyelid has many tissue types. These tumors sometimes mimic common inflammatory conditions. Nonetheless, clinical investigation of these conditions remains limited. OBJECTIVE: To investigate the clinical and histopathological characteristics of eyelid skin tumors. METHODS: We retrospectively reviewed the medical records and clinical photographs of 148 patients with eyelid skin tumors confirmed by skin biopsy examination between January 2009 and May 2016. RESULTS: The mean patient age was 50.0 years, and the male-to-female ratio was 1:1.11. Malignant eyelid skin tumors accounted for 17.3% of the total number, and older patients were more likely to be affected by malignant tumors than benign tumors (66.2 years vs. 46.4 years). Epidermal cysts (15.5%), seborrheic keratosis (14.9%), and melanocytic nevus (14.2%) were the most common benign eyelid skin tumors. Basal cell carcinoma was the most common malignant tumor (69.2%), followed by squamous cell carcinoma (11.5%). Malignant skin tumors, especially basal cell carcinoma, predominantly involved the lower eyelid. No patient showed metastasis from the malignant skin tumors, and no case of recurrence was observed after wide excision of the tumors. CONCLUSION: Our findings suggest that various tumors, including malignant ones, can affect the eyelid area. This study provides useful data on the incidence and characteristics of eyelid skin tumors. Further investigation with a large group of patients is necessary to better understand the epidemiology of eyelid skin tumors.
Biopsy ; Carcinoma, Basal Cell ; Carcinoma, Squamous Cell ; Dermatology ; Epidemiology ; Epidermal Cyst ; Eyelids* ; Humans ; Incidence ; Keratosis, Seborrheic ; Korea* ; Medical Records ; Neoplasm Metastasis ; Nevus, Pigmented ; Recurrence ; Retrospective Studies ; Skin* ; Tertiary Care Centers*

No abstract available.
Epidermal Cyst* ; Nevus*

No abstract available.
Epidermal Cyst* ; Nevus*

BACKGROUND: With the advancement of socioeconomic and medical sciences, the number of elderly patients with skin diseases significantly increased. Therefore, the epidemiologic survey of dermatologic disease is in need for the elderly population. OBJECTIVE: The purpose of this study was to evaluate the prevalence of dermatologic diseases in elderly patients and to compare the results with the previous reports in malignant and benign skin tumors. METHODS: We retrospectively reviewed the clinical records of 2,678 outpatients older than 65 years of age, who visited the Department of Dermatology from January 2010 to December 2013. We compared the clinical diagnoses and analyzed the distribution of dermatologic diseases and clinical features, including the factors of age and sex. Among them, 575 patients who received biopsy for skin tumors were pathologically analyzed, confirmed, and classified as malignant or benign tumor. RESULTS: The incidence of skin disease in the group of patients older than 65 years of age was 15.6% (2,678). The ratio of men to women was 1 : 1.13 (1,257 : 1,421). The types of skin diseases in the group were as follows: infectious skin disease (26.1%); eczema (23.2%); epidermal and adnexal nevi and tumors (17.5%); drug eruption, erythema, and urticaria (7.0%); pruritus, psychocutaneous disorder, and neurocutaneous dermatoses (6.6%); papulosquamous disease (3.3%); diseases of the skin appendages (3.2%); disorders of pigmentation (2.5%); diseases of the mucous membrane (2.3%); cutaneous vascular diseases (2.2%); and skin tumors (21.5%). The most common malignant tumors were as follows: squamous cell carcinoma (33.9%), basal cell carcinoma (31.2%), Bowen's disease (19.0%), keratoacanthoma (7.2%), malignant melanoma (5.0%), and lymphoma (1.8%). The most common benign tumors were as follows: actinic keratosis (48.0%), seborrheic keratosis (17.2%), epidermal cyst (12.7%), melanocytic nevus (6.2%), hemangioma (3.7%), milia (2.0%), and hypertrophic scar and keloid (2.0%). The incidence of malignant tumors in women was much higher than in men, with a ratio of 1 : 1.96. CONCLUSION: This study provides useful data on the incidence and the characteristics of elderly skin diseases. Compared to the previous studies, the frequency of malignant tumors was relatively higher and variable. We advise physicians to make the appropriate diagnosis and treatment for the early detection of skin tumor, especially the squamous cell carcinoma and basal cell carcinoma, which are caused by long-term exposure to the sun.
Aged* ; Biopsy ; Bowen's Disease ; Carcinoma, Basal Cell ; Carcinoma, Squamous Cell ; Cicatrix, Hypertrophic ; Dermatology ; Diagnosis ; Drug Eruptions ; Eczema ; Epidermal Cyst ; Erythema ; Female ; Hemangioma ; Humans ; Incidence ; Keloid ; Keratoacanthoma ; Keratosis, Actinic ; Keratosis, Seborrheic ; Lymphoma ; Male ; Melanoma ; Mucous Membrane ; Nevus ; Nevus, Pigmented ; Outpatients ; Pigmentation ; Prevalence ; Pruritus ; Retrospective Studies ; Skin ; Skin Diseases* ; Skin Diseases, Infectious ; Solar System ; Urticaria ; Vascular Diseases