Objective:To compare dose distributions of hypofractionated radiotherapy for pancreatic cancer between IMPT and VMAT.Methods:Ten pancreatic cancer cases were included in this retrospective study. Photon (Edge) and proton (Proteus?PLUS) plans were designed by Eclipse and RayStation TPS, respectively. All plans were transferred to MIM system for extraction of parameters, which included Dmin, Dmean and Dmax of PTV, conformity index (CI), new conformity index (nCI), homogeneity index (HI), gradient index (GI), coverage, Dmax and dose-volume of the organs at risk (OARs). Results:There was no significant difference in CI between the two groups. The higher PTV Dmin, Dmean, Dmax, D98%, D2%, HI, coverage and the better GI, D2 cmwere found in VMAT ( t/ Z=-4.63-5.32, P<0.05). The lower 10%_PD was found in IMPT ( t=-7.47, P<0.05). Regarding the OARs, Dmax of the intestine, stomach, and duodenum and Dmean of the left kidney were similar between two groups without significant difference ( P>0.05). The D5 cm 3 of the intestine, D10 cm 3 of the stomach, D5 cm 3 and D10 cm 3 of the duodenum, D2/3 of the left kidney, Dmean and D2/3 of the right kidney were lower in IMPT than those in VMAT ( t/ Z=-8.12--2.60, P<0.05). However, the Dmax and D0.35 cm 3 of the spinal cord were higher in IMPT than those in VMAT ( t=7.30, 6.77, P<0.05). Conclusions:Both of hypofractionated radiotherapy plans of pancreatic cancer designed by VMAT and IMPT could meet clinical needs. No significant difference was found in Dmax of the adjacent gastrointestinal tracts between the two groups. While IMPT had the advantage over VMAT in the case of lower dose-volumes of the gastrointestinal tracts. Nevertheless, less protections of the OARs in front of the tumor volume could be provided by IMPT compared with VMAT.

Subject recruitment is a key component that affects the progress and results of clinical trials, and generally conducted with eligibility criteria (includes inclusion criteria and exclusion criteria). The semantic category analysis of eligibility criteria can help optimizing clinical trials design and building automated patient recruitment system. This study explored the automatic semantic categories classification of Chinese eligibility criteria based on artificial intelligence by academic shared task. We totally collected 38 341 annotated eligibility criteria sentences and predefined 44 semantic categories. A total of 75 teams participated in competition, with 27 teams having submitted system outputs. Based on the results, we found out that most teams adopted mixed models. The mainstream resolution was applying pre-trained language models capable of providing rich semantic representation, which were combined with neural network models and used to fine-tune the models with reference to classifier tasks, and finally improved classification performance could be obtained by ensemble modeling. The best-performing system achieved a macro
Artificial Intelligence ; China ; Humans ; Language ; Natural Language Processing ; Neural Networks, Computer

Objective: To analyze the correlations between intraoperative ultrasound and MRI metrics of the spinal cord in degenerative cervical myelopathy and identify novel potential predictive ultrasonic indicators of neurological recovery for degenerative cervical myelopathy. Materials and Methods: Twenty-two patients who underwent French-door laminoplasty for multilevel degenerative cervical myelopathy were followed up for 12 months. The Japanese Orthopedic Association (JOA) scores were assessed preoperatively and 12 months postoperatively. Maximum spinal cord compression and compression rates were measured and calculated using both intraoperative ultrasound imaging and preoperative T2-weight (T2W) MRI. Signal change rates of the spinal cord on preoperative T2W MRI and gray value ratios of dorsal and ventral spinal cord hyperechogenicity on intraoperative ultrasound imaging were measured and calculated. Correlations between intraoperative ultrasound metrics, MRI metrics, and the recovery rate JOA scores were analyzed using Spearman correlation analysis. Results: The postoperative JOA scores improved significantly, with a mean recovery rate of 65.0 ± 20.3% (p < 0.001). No significant correlations were found between the operative ultrasound metrics and MRI metrics. The gray value ratios of the spinal cord hyperechogenicity was negatively correlated with the recovery rate of JOA scores (ρ = -0.638, p = 0.001), while the ventral and dorsal gray value ratios of spinal cord hyperechogenicity were negatively correlated with the recovery rate of JOA-motor scores (ρ = -0.582, p = 0.004) and JOA-sensory scores (ρ = -0.452, p = 0.035), respectively. The dorsal gray value ratio was significantly higher than the ventral gray value ratio (p < 0.001), while the recovery rate of JOA-motor scores was better than that of JOA-sensory scores at 12 months post-surgery (p = 0.028). Conclusion For degenerative cervical myelopathy, the correlations between intraoperative ultrasound and preoperative T2W MRI metrics were not significant. Gray value ratios of the spinal cord hyperechogenicity and dorsal and ventral spinal cord hyperechogenicity were significantly correlated with neurological recovery at 12 months postoperatively.

Objective: To analyze the correlations between intraoperative ultrasound and MRI metrics of the spinal cord in degenerative cervical myelopathy and identify novel potential predictive ultrasonic indicators of neurological recovery for degenerative cervical myelopathy. Materials and Methods: Twenty-two patients who underwent French-door laminoplasty for multilevel degenerative cervical myelopathy were followed up for 12 months. The Japanese Orthopedic Association (JOA) scores were assessed preoperatively and 12 months postoperatively. Maximum spinal cord compression and compression rates were measured and calculated using both intraoperative ultrasound imaging and preoperative T2-weight (T2W) MRI. Signal change rates of the spinal cord on preoperative T2W MRI and gray value ratios of dorsal and ventral spinal cord hyperechogenicity on intraoperative ultrasound imaging were measured and calculated. Correlations between intraoperative ultrasound metrics, MRI metrics, and the recovery rate JOA scores were analyzed using Spearman correlation analysis. Results: The postoperative JOA scores improved significantly, with a mean recovery rate of 65.0 ± 20.3% (p < 0.001). No significant correlations were found between the operative ultrasound metrics and MRI metrics. The gray value ratios of the spinal cord hyperechogenicity was negatively correlated with the recovery rate of JOA scores (ρ = -0.638, p = 0.001), while the ventral and dorsal gray value ratios of spinal cord hyperechogenicity were negatively correlated with the recovery rate of JOA-motor scores (ρ = -0.582, p = 0.004) and JOA-sensory scores (ρ = -0.452, p = 0.035), respectively. The dorsal gray value ratio was significantly higher than the ventral gray value ratio (p < 0.001), while the recovery rate of JOA-motor scores was better than that of JOA-sensory scores at 12 months post-surgery (p = 0.028). Conclusion For degenerative cervical myelopathy, the correlations between intraoperative ultrasound and preoperative T2W MRI metrics were not significant. Gray value ratios of the spinal cord hyperechogenicity and dorsal and ventral spinal cord hyperechogenicity were significantly correlated with neurological recovery at 12 months postoperatively.

Objective To investigate the accuracy and missed diagnosis rate of preoperative ultrasound in the diagnosis of thyroid carcinoma . Methods With the method of natural language recognition ,816 solitary thyroid nodules which received thyroidectomy were enrolled for the analysis of preoperative ultrasound examination and post-operative pathology results . The accuracy and the rate of missed diagnosis of ultrasonography for the diagnosis of thyroid carcinoma and lymph node metastasis were evaluated with the pathological results as the gold standard . Results There were 783 ( 96 .0％ ) malignant thyroid tumors ,6 ( 0 .7％ ) follicular tumor with uncertain malignant potential ,and 27 ( 3 .3％ ) benign thyroid tumors . Ultrasonography yielded an accuracy of 96 .1％ in the differential diagnosis between benign and malignant thyroid nodules and an accuracy of 94 .5％ in the quantification of nodule numbers . 5 .5％ of solitary nodules reported by ultrasound were proved to be 2 or more malignant nodules after the surgery . Regarding the diagnosis of central lymph node ,the preoperative ultrasound yielded an accuracy of 73 .0％and a misdiagnosis rate of 38 .7％ . For the lateral neck lymph node ,the accuracy was 88 .3％ ,and the misdiagnosis rate was 3 .4％ . Conclusions Natural language recognition method can assist clinical research . Ultrasonography is valuable in the diagnosis of thyroid carcinomas and neck lymph nodes . However , ultrasonography has a certain rate of misdiagnosis for the quantification of nodule numbers ,and for the diagnosis of lymph nodes in central and lateral necks .

OBJECTIVE To provide computed tomographic reference for the infralabyrinthine approach to the internal auditory canal.METHODS Temporal bone CT images of forty patients(80 sides) were randomly selected without ear lesions,and some relative structures were observed and measured.RESULTS The mean distance from the inferior edge of the posterior semicircular canal to the superior edge of the jugular bulb was (4.69±2.91)mm left and (3.10±3.01)mm right,the mean thickness of the bone inferior to the posterior semicircular canal was (0.92 ± 0.37)mm left and (0.69 ± 0.37)mm right,the mean distance from the vertical portion of the facial nerve to the anterior edge of the sigmoid sinus was (8.66±2.71)mm left and (7.74± 1.99)mm right,the mean distance from the superior edge of the jugular bulb to the internal auditory canal was (6.32 ± 2.88)mm left and (5.39 ± 2.61) mm right,the mean distance from the superior edge of the jugular bulb to the single foramen was (6.82 ± 3.02)mm left and (5.84 ± 2.82)mm right,the mean distance from the external aperture of vestibular aqueduct tothe posterior edge of internal acoustic porus was (14.38 ± 2.56)mm left and (14.12±2.76)mm right,the mean distance from the external aperture of vestibular aqueduct tothe midpoint of internal auditory canal was (12.02 ± 2.46)mm left and (11.91 ± 2.53)mm right.There were statistical differences in distances of different sides among the anterior three groups,no statistical differences were seen in distances of different sides among the posterior four groups.CONCLUSION The temporal bone CT images are helpful to the infralabyrinthine approach to the internal auditory canal.

Tanshinone ⅡA is one of the main effective components in Salviae Miltiorrhizae Radix et Rhizoma. It plays a role in the resistance to atherosclerosis by participating in anti-inflammatory in vascular wall, such as the regulating endothelial cell apoptosis and correcting lipid metabolism disorder. This article summarized recent researches of the basic role of tanshinone ⅡA in the resistance to atherosclerosis and provided references for clinical application of antiatherosclerotic effect of tanshinone ⅡA.

OBJECTIVETo explore the significance of laryngopharyngeal reflux (LPR) and gastroesophageal reflux (GER) in patients with vocal cord leukoplakia and early glottic cancer.

METHODSPatients with vocal cord leukoplakia and early glottic cancer encountered in Nanfang Hospital between December 2012 to January 2014 were included in this study. Ambulatory 24 hour multichannel intraluminal impedance-pH monitoring (MII-pH) was applied to obtain LPR and GER events, as well as the reflux properties of substances. Tobacco and alcohol history was also evaluated. Sixteen healthy volunteers were recruited as normal controls.

RESULTSThere were 26.3% (5/19) LPR patients in glottic cancer group, 35.3% (6/17) LPR patients in vocal cord leukoplakia group and 12.5% (2/16) LPR volunteers in normal controls. There was no statistically significant difference in the positive rate of LPR between early glottic cancer patients and normal controls as well as between vocal cord leukoplakia patients and normal controls (P > 0.05). There was statistically significance in numbers of acid reflux events, time of acid exposure, and time of acid clearance between vocal cord leukoplakia patients and normal controls as well as between glottic cancer patients and normal controls (P < 0.05). GER was found in 26.3% (5/19) patients in glottic cancer group and 23.5% (4/17) patients in vocal cord leukoplakia group and 6.3% (1/16) volunteer in normal controls. There was no statistically significant difference in the positive rate of GER between early glottic cancer patients and normal controls as well as between vocal cord leukoplakia patients and normal controls (P > 0.05). However, there was statistically significance in DeMeester scores between glottic cancer patients and normal controls (P < 0.05), while no statistically significance between vocal cord leukoplakia patients and normal controls (P > 0.05). Reflux events were dominated by acid and weakly acidic reflux in upright position. Weakly alkaline reflux events in upright position, acid reflux events in supine position, and weakly alkaline reflux events in supine position in vocal cord leukoplakia patients were significantly more than those in normal controls (P < 0.05). No statistically significant difference existed in positions and contents between early glottic cancer patients and normal controls (P > 0.05). There was also no statistically significant correlation between happening LPR and GER, smoking and drinking in patients with vocal cord leukoplakia and early glottic cancer (P > 0.05).

CONCLUSIONSReflux events are more in vocal cord leukoplakia patients and early glottic cancer patients, however, the relationship between laryngopharyngeal reflux and canceration of the vocal cord is still needed to be investigated. The significance of mucosal injury induced by nonacid refluxes is needed to be further studies.

Adult ; Aged ; Case-Control Studies ; Esophageal pH Monitoring ; Female ; Humans ; Laryngeal Diseases ; complications ; Laryngeal Neoplasms ; complications ; Laryngopharyngeal Reflux ; complications ; Leukoplakia ; complications ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Vocal Cords ; pathology

Objective To explore the significance of laryngopharyngeal reflux ( LPR ) and gastroesophageal reflux ( GER) in patients with vocal cord leukoplakia and early glottic cancer .Methods Patients with vocal cord leukoplakia and early glottic cancer encountered in Nanfang Hospital between December 2012 to January 2014 were included in this study .Ambulatory 24 hour multichannel intraluminal impedance-pH monitoring ( MII-pH ) was applied to obtain LPR and GER events , as well as the reflux properties of substances .Tobacco and alcohol history was also evaluated .Sixteen healthy volunteers were recruited as normal controls .Results There were 26.3% ( 5/19 ) LPR patients in glottic cancer group , 35.3%(6/17) LPR patients in vocal cord leukoplakia group and 12.5%(2/16) LPR volunteers in normal controls.There was no statistically significant difference in the positive rate of LPR between early glottic cancer patients and normal controls as well as between vocal cord leukoplakia patients and normal controls (P>0.05).There was statistically significance in numbers of acid reflux events , time of acid exposure, and time of acid clearance between vocal cord leukoplakia patients and normal controls as well as between glottic cancer patients and normal controls ( P <0.05 ).GER was found in 26.3% ( 5/19 ) patients in glottic cancer group and 23.5%( 4/17 ) patients in vocal cord leukoplakia group and 6.3% ( 1/16 ) volunteer in normal controls.There was no statistically significant difference in the positive rate of GER between early glottic cancer patients and normal controls as well as between vocal cord leukoplakia patients and normal controls ( P>0.05).However , there was statistically significance in DeMeester scores between glottic cancer patients and normal controls (P<0.05), while no statistically significance between vocal cord leukoplakia patients and normal controls ( P>0.05 ).Reflux events were dominated by acid and weakly acidic reflux in upright position.Weakly alkaline reflux events in upright position , acid reflux events in supine position , and weakly alkaline reflux events in supine position in vocal cord leukoplakia patients were significantly more than those in normal controls (P<0.05).No statistically significant difference existed in positions and contents between early glottic cancer patients and normal controls ( P>0.05).There was also no statistically significant correlation between happening LPR and GER , smoking and drinking in patients with vocal cord leukoplakia and early glottic cancer ( P>0.05 ).Conclusions Reflux events are more in vocal cord leukoplakia patients and early glottic cancer patients , however , the relationship between laryngopharyngeal reflux and canceration of the vocal cord is still needed to be invesgated .The significance of mucosal injury induced by nonacids refluxes is needed to be further studies .

Objective To compare the enhancement characteristic of the gallbladder diseases and to evaluate the diagnostic efficacy in differential diagnosis of the gallbladder diseases between contrast-enhanced sonography (CEUS) and contrast-enhanced computed tomography (CECT).Methods Seventy-two patiens with gallbladder lesions were examined by CEUS and CECT before operation and all final diagnoses were confirmed by surgery and/or pathological diagnosis.Results 1)In early phase,84.6％ (33/39) and 79.5％ (31/39) of benign diseases showed hyper-enhancement on CEUS and CECT,and 97.0％ (32/33) and 87.9％ (29/33) of malignant diseases showed hyper-enhancement on CEUS and CECT respectively (P =0.250).In later phase,91.2％ (31/34) and 88.2％ (30/34) of benign diseases showing hypo-enhancement (P =1.000),and 100％ of the malignant diseases showing hypo-enhancement on CEUS and CECT respectively.2)The time of enhancement from hyper-to hypo in CEUS for benign and malignant diseases were (39.9 ± 15.7)s and (29.9 ± 5.6)s respectively (t =3.61,P =1.000).3)The inhomogeneous enhancement on CEUS and CECT were 41.0％ (16/39) and 53.8％ (21/39) in the benign diseases respectively (P =0.063),84.8 ％ (28/33) and 97.0 ％ (32/33) in the malignant diseases respectively(P =0.125).4)The destruction of the gallbladder wall on CEUS and CECT are 87.9％ (29/33) and 90.9％ (30/33) respectively(P =1.000).5)The accuracy,diagnostic sensitivity,specificity of CEUS and CECT were 91.7％(66/72) and 87.5％(63/72),97.0％(32/33) and 93.9％(31/33),87.2％(34/39) and 82.15％ (32/39) respectively (P =0.250,1.000,0.500).Conclusions The enhancement pattern of the gallbladder diseases on CEUS and CECT were much similar.CEUS has equal diagnostic efficacy in comparison with CECT,but CEUS can supply more diagnostic information than CECT.