Objective To investigate the screening results and factors affecting abnormal detection rates among high-risk groups of esophageal cancer and to explore effective intervention measures. Methods We investigated and collected the information on gender, education level, age, marital status, symptoms of reflux esophagitis (heartburn, acid reflux, belching, hiccup, foreign body sensation in the pharynx, and difficulty swallowing), consumption of pickled vegetables, salt use, and esophageal cancer incidence of villagers in a natural village in Wenfeng District, Anyang City, Henan Province. Changes in reflux esophagitis symptoms in the high-incidence area of esophageal cancer before and after 16 years were observed, and the relationship of such changes with esophageal cancer was analyzed. Results In 2008, 711 cases were epidemiologically investigated, including 213 cases with one of the symptoms of reflux esophagitis such as heartburn, acid reflux, belching, hiccups, foreign body sensation in the pharynx, and difficulty swallowing (sorted in accordance with the abovementioned symptoms; if there are multiple symptoms, then the former is taken); 55 cases with at least two related symptoms, among which the most symptom was heartburn in 108 cases (15.1%); followed by acid reflux, belching, etc. In 2024, the same group of people was investigated, and eight people were missing because of relocation. A total of 703 people were successfully investigated, of which 189 cases (26.8%) had one of the symptoms of reflux esophagitis, such as heartburn (sorted in accordance with relevant symptoms, if there are multiple symptoms, then the former will be selected); 167 cases (23.7%) had at least two related symptoms, among which the most symptom was heartburn in 139 cases (19.7%); followed by acid reflux. Over 16 years, among the 703 people investigated, 45 cases had esophageal cancer and they had one or more of the abovementioned symptoms. No significant differences in the reflux esophagitis-like symptoms were found between 2008 and 2024 (P=0.26); no significant differences in the composition of reflux esophagitis-like symptoms were found between 2008 and 2024 (P=0.299). Conclusion The detection rate of reflux esophagitis-related symptoms in the population in a high-risk area of esophageal cancer has not decreased in the past 16 years, and the high-risk factors still exist. Esophageal cancer is closely related to reflux esophagitis, and clinical practice can provide early diagnosis and treatment for high-risk population.

Objective To understand the disease spectrum of a natural village in an area with high incidence of esophageal cancer to provide a reference for precise prevention and control. Methods From 2008 to 2024, 711 asymptomatic people over the age of 35 years in a natural village with high incidence of esophageal cancer in China were surveyed, and 171 of them were subjected to gastroscopy, biopsy, and pathological examination. All participants were followed up for a long time, and their disease history was recorded. Results A total of 16 years of follow-up were performed, and 703 people were effectively followed up. In 2008, 171 people underwent gastroscopy, and 160 people had biopsy and pathological results in endoscopic screening. By 2024, 76 people had been diagnosed with malignant tumors of 12 different types, and among these people, 45 had esophageal cancer. Conclusion Esophageal cancer remains a significant cause of morbidity and mortality from malignant tumors in this region. Biopsy and pathological examination should be strengthened during gastroscopy, and follow-ups and regular check-ups should be given high importance to reduce the incidence and mortality rates of esophageal cancer.

Objective To investigatethe relationship between gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) symptoms and clinicopathological characteristics, p53 expression, and survival of Chinese patients with esophageal adenocarcinoma. Methods A total of 3882 patients with esophageal adenocarcinoma, 970 matched patients with esophageal squamous cell carcinoma, and 970 matched patients with gastric cardia adenocarcinoma were included to compare the incidence of GERD symptoms. Patients with esophageal adenocarcinoma were divided into two groups according to the presence and absence of GERD symptoms. The differences in clinicopathological characteristics and p53 expression between the two groups were compared by chi-square test, and the differences in survival between the two groups were compared by landmark analysis. Results The incidence of GERD symptoms increased successively in esophageal squamous cell carcinoma, esophageal adenocarcinoma, and gastric cardia adenocarcinoma. In patients with esophageal adenocarcinoma, the proportions of male, less than 65 years old, lower thoracic tumors, tumors without squamous cell carcinoma, poorly differentiation, early tumors (stage 0-I), and p53-positive tumors in the group with GERD symptoms were higher than those in the group without GERD symptoms; moreover, the long-term survival (≥15 years) was better. Conclusion GERD symptom is an important clinical sign of esophageal adenocarcinoma. It is closely related to specific clinicopathological characteristics, p53 overexpression, and good long-term prognosis.

ObjectiveTo investigate the current situation of health communication carried out by medical institutions in Shanghai through new media platforms such as WeChat， Weibo， Toutiao， Douyin， Kuaishou， Bilibili and WeChat Videos， and to propose targeted measures. MethodsBased on the systematic collection of new media accounts of medical institutions in Shanghai， and through the combination of keyword screening and manual audit， health communication data of medical institutions on new media platforms were determined. ResultsData from 1 117 new media accounts of 162 medical institutions in Shanghai were collected， including 610 WeChat official accounts， 105 WeChat video accounts， 89 Weibo accounts， 18 Bilibili accounts， 198 Douyin accounts， 37 Toutiao accounts， and 60 Kuaishou accounts， totaling 111 853 posts. After keyword sorting and manual screening， a total of 66 761 health science posts were collected， with WeChat Official Accounts， Douyin， and Weibo having the top three highest number of posts. Video-based new media such as Douyin， WeChat Videos， Kuaishou， and Bilibili had a better communication impact than text and image-based new media like WeChat Official Accounts， Weibo， and Toutiao. Among them， Douyin and Toutiao were the best platforms for video and text-image-based new media， respectively. ConclusionMedical institutions in Shanghai recognize the importance of new media in health communication and have made full use of various media platforms to carry out health communication，having a certain impact on health education. In the future， medical institutions should choose appropriate platforms based on target audiences and content characteristics， fully leverage the advantages of various platforms， explore innovative communication strategies， promote the dissemination of health knowledge， and enhance the health literacy of the public.

ObjectiveTo compare the development status of health facilities in different regions （non-agricultural and agricultural districts）and different types across four dimensions： organizational management， health environment， health activities， and health outcomes， to explore factors that may affect the current development status and summarize effective experiences， and to provide a foundation for the subsequent comprehensive， standardized， and effective promotion of health facility development and tiered and classified management. MethodsInvestigators conducted a health status survey based on the four dimensions for 50 health facilities in 16 districts of Shanghai， representing three types （including government agencies， enterprises， and communities）. Evaluation forms were filled out through on-site observation and document reviews， which were developed in accordance with the Shanghai Health Settings Evaluation Standards （for trial implementation in 2019）. ResultsThe average total score of health facilities in Shanghai was （88.42±11.93） points， with an overall excellence rate of 86.0%. The excellence rate of each dimension， from highest to lowest， were healthy environment （84.0%）， organizational management （82.0%）， health activities （78.0%）， and health outcomes （44.0%）. Health facilities in agricultural districts scored higher in both total score and average score on the organizational management dimension compared to non-agricultural districts. The excellence rate for the organizational management dimension was also higher in agricultural districts than in non-agricultural districts. There was no statistical significance in the total score， the score of each dimension， the overall excellence rate， and the excellence rate of each dimension among different types of health facilities （P>0.05）. ConclusionThe development of health facilities among government agencies， enterprises， and communities in Shanghai has begun to yield positive results. Health facilities in non-agricultural districts should actively draw on the experience of those in agricultural districts， particularly in organizational management， adjust development ideas and planning based on their own realities， so as to continuously improve the levels of development.

Ultrasound has become the optimal imaging method for prenatal screening,whereas the operator dependence and high imaging variability may affect the accuracy of results and examination efficiency.Applied in segmentation and recognition tasks in images,deep learning(DL)is able to derive higher-level features from lower-level features,accurately characterize the inherent laws or information features of raw data.The research progresses of DL applicated in prenatal ultrasonic section analysis were reviewed in this article.

Objective:To characterize the histopathological subtypes and their clinicopathological parameters of gender and onset age by common, rare and sparse primary esophageal malignant tumors (PEMT).Methods:A total of 272 437 patients with PEMT were enrolled in this study, and all of the patients were received radical surgery. The clinicopathological information of the patients was obtained from the database established by the State Key Laboratory of Esophageal Cancer Prevention & Treatment from September 1973 to December 2020, which included the clinical treatment, pathological diagnosis and follow-up information of esophagus and gastric cardia cancers. All patients were diagnosed and classified by the criteria of esophageal tumor histopathological diagnosis and classification (2019) of the World Health Organization (WHO). The esophageal tumors, which were not included in the WHO classification, were analyzed separately according to the postoperative pathological diagnosis. The χ 2 test was performed by the SPSS 25.0 software on count data, and the test standard α=0.05. Results:A total of 32 histopathological types were identified in the enrolled PEMT patients, of which 10 subtypes were not included in the WHO classification. According to the frequency, PEMT were divided into common (esophageal squamous cell carcinoma, ESCC, accounting for 97.1%), rare (esophageal adenocarcinoma, EAC, accounting for 2.3%) and sparse (mainly esophageal small cell carcinoma, malignant melanoma, etc., accounting for 0.6%). All the common, rare, and sparse types occurred predominantly in male patients, and the gender difference of rare type was most significant (EAC, male∶ female, 2.67∶1), followed with common type (ESCC, male∶ female, 1.78∶1) and sparse type (male∶ female, 1.71∶1). The common type (ESCC) mainly occurred in the middle thoracic segment (65.2%), while the rare type (EAC) mainly occurred in the lower thoracic segment (56.8%). Among the sparse type, malignant melanoma and malignant fibrous histiocytoma were both predominantly located in the lower thoracic segment (51.7%, 66.7%), and the others were mainly in the middle thoracic segment.Conclusion:ESCC is the most common type among the 32 histopathological types of PEMT, followed by EAC as the rare type, and esophageal small cell carcinoma and malignant melanoma as the major sparse type, and all of which are mainly occur in male patients. The common type of ESCC mainly occur in the middle thoracic segment, while the rare type of EAC mainly in the lower thoracic segment. The mainly sparse type of malignant melanoma and malignant fibrous histiocytoma predominately occur in the lower thoracic segment, and the remaining sparse types mainly occur in the middle thoracic segment.

Invasive fungal infections (IFIs) represent a growing public concern for clinicians to manage in many medical settings, with substantial associated morbidities and mortalities. Among many current therapeutic options for the treatment of IFIs, amphotericin B (AmB) is the most frequently used drug. AmB is considered as a first-line drug in the clinic that has strong antifungal activity and less resistance. In this review, we summarized the most promising research efforts on nanocarriers for AmB delivery and highlighted their efficacy and safety for treating IFIs. We have also discussed the mechanism of actions of AmB, rationale for treating IFIs, and recent advances in formulating AmB for clinical use. Finally, this review discusses some practical considerations and provides recommendations for future studies in applying AmB for combating IFIs.

Objective:To explore the risk factors for lateral neck recurrence of central lymph node metastasis (CLMN) in papillary thyroid cancer (PTC), and to construct a model to predict the recurrence.Methods:The records of 245 consecutive PTC patients with CLMN underwent surgical treatment from 1996 to 2009 in our department were retrospectively reviewed. The threshold value of CLNM number is determined by ROC curve. The risk factors for lateral neck recurrence were determined by using Cox regression model. The identified risk factors were incorporated into a nomogram model to predict the risk of lateral neck recurrence.Results:A total of 245 patients were enrolled in the study, among them, 32 cases occurred lateral neck lymph node recurrence and 4 cases were dead of thyroid carcinoma. Multivariate analysis revealed that primary tumor size, extrathyroidal extension, the number of metastatic CLNM >3 were independent risk factors of lateral neck recurrence ( P<0.05), lateral neck recurrence was a risk factor of disease-free survival( P<0.05). The nomogram model of predicting the lateral neck recurrence was further established based on the above 3 independent risk factors, the area under the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve of which was 0.790. Conclusions:The nomogram model based on the independent risk factors of LN recurrence can be helpful to screen the papillary thyroid carcinoma patients with high risk of lateral neck recurrence, and provide more guidance for clinical treatment.

Objective:To explore the risk factors for lateral neck recurrence of central lymph node metastasis (CLMN) in papillary thyroid cancer (PTC), and to construct a model to predict the recurrence.Methods:The records of 245 consecutive PTC patients with CLMN underwent surgical treatment from 1996 to 2009 in our department were retrospectively reviewed. The threshold value of CLNM number is determined by ROC curve. The risk factors for lateral neck recurrence were determined by using Cox regression model. The identified risk factors were incorporated into a nomogram model to predict the risk of lateral neck recurrence.Results:A total of 245 patients were enrolled in the study, among them, 32 cases occurred lateral neck lymph node recurrence and 4 cases were dead of thyroid carcinoma. Multivariate analysis revealed that primary tumor size, extrathyroidal extension, the number of metastatic CLNM >3 were independent risk factors of lateral neck recurrence ( P<0.05), lateral neck recurrence was a risk factor of disease-free survival( P<0.05). The nomogram model of predicting the lateral neck recurrence was further established based on the above 3 independent risk factors, the area under the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve of which was 0.790. Conclusions:The nomogram model based on the independent risk factors of LN recurrence can be helpful to screen the papillary thyroid carcinoma patients with high risk of lateral neck recurrence, and provide more guidance for clinical treatment.