OBJECTIVE: To study the clinical features of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) in children aged <18 years. METHODS: A retrospective analysis was performed from the medical data of 23 children, aged from 3 months to 17 years and 8 months, who were diagnosed with COVID-19 in Jiangxi, China from January 21 to February 29, 2020. RESULTS: Of the 23 children with COVID-19, 17 had family aggregation. Three children (13%) had asymptomatic infection, 6 (26%) had mild type, and 14 (61%) had common type. Among these 23 children, 16 (70%) had fever, 11 (48%) had cough, 8 (35%) had fever and cough, and 8 (35%) had wet rales in the lungs. The period from disease onset or the first nucleic acid-positive detection of SARS-CoV-2 to the virus nucleic acid negative conversion was 6-24 days (median 12 days). Of the 23 children, 3 had a reduction in total leukocyte count, 2 had a reduction in lymphocytes, 2 had an increase in C-reactive protein, and 2 had an increase in D-dimer. Abnormal pulmonary CT findings were observed in 12 children, among whom 9 had patchy ground-glass opacities in both lungs. All 23 children received antiviral therapy and were recovered. CONCLUSIONS COVID-19 in children aged <18 years often occurs with family aggregation, with no specific clinical manifestation and laboratory examination results. Most of these children have mild symptoms and a good prognosis. Epidemiological history is of particular importance in the diagnosis of COVID-19 in children aged <18 years.
Adolescent ; Betacoronavirus ; Child ; Child, Preschool ; China ; Coronavirus Infections ; Humans ; Infant ; Pandemics ; Pneumonia, Viral ; Retrospective Studies

In order to study the correlation between the traits of Andrographis paniculata. The main agronomic traits and the content of four kinds of diterpene lactons were measured by the seedlings and the unmutagenized seeds carried by the spacecraft,and multiple comparisons,correlations and principal component analysis were carried out. The results showed that the agronomic traits of A. paniculata have different degrees of difference after being carried by space. The contents of diterpene lactones were quite different. The variation coefficients of deoxyandrographolide content,fresh weight,leaf dry weight,dehydrated andrographolide content,dry weight,neoandrographolide content and andrographolide content were all over 35%. There was a significant correlation between multiple traits,and the leaf weight ratio was significantly positively correlated with the number of primary tillers,leaf dry weight and dry weight,and was significantly negatively correlated with the content of deoxyandrographolide. Andrographolide content was a significantly negatively correlated with the number of leaves and the number of primary tillers,and positively correlated with the other three lactones. Five principal components were extracted from principal component analysis,and the cumulative contribution rate was 83. 127%,which were yield factor,plant type factor,leaf type factor,component factor and seed weight factor. Among the traits affecting the quality of A. paniculata,the yield factor for reliability of the selection of A. paniculata is higher than other factors. There are abundant variations among the traits of A. paniculata,carried in space which increase the genetic diversity. The principal component analysis method can be used to select the principal component factors according to the breeding requirements,which provides a theoretical basis for the breeding of high-yield and high-quality A. paniculata and the high-yield and stable cultivation of A. paniculata.
Andrographis ; chemistry ; Diterpenes ; analysis ; Lactones ; analysis ; Phytochemicals ; analysis ; Plant Leaves ; Reproducibility of Results

OBJECTIVETo assess the association between nitric oxide synthase 1 (NOS1) gene polymorphisms and schizophrenia.

METHODSTwenty eight tag single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) of NOS1 in 382 schizophrenic patients and 448 healthy individuals sampled from Chinese Han population were analyzed by a Illumina GoldenGate Genotyping Assay.

RESULTSOne SNP (rs1520811) was found to be associated with schizophrenia, which however becomes negative after Bonferroni correction (P>0.05). Further analysis has failed to identify any association between particular haplotypes and the disease.

CONCLUSIONOur results did not support a significant association between NOS1 gene polymorphisms and schizophrenia.

Adult ; Female ; Genetic Predisposition to Disease ; Haplotypes ; Humans ; Male ; Nitric Oxide Synthase Type I ; genetics ; Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide ; Schizophrenia ; enzymology ; genetics ; Young Adult

OBJECTIVETo establish an improved three-dimension (3D) and serum-free approach to differentiate human embryonic stem cells (hESCs) into endothelial cells, and detect the endothelial functions of the obtained cells.

METHODSWe cultured undifferentiated H9 human embryonic stem cell line in low-adhesion dishes to form embryonic bodies (EBs). After 12 days, EBs were harvested, re-suspended into rat tail collagen type I, and put into the incubator (37℃). After 30 minutes, EGM-2 culture medium was added to the solidified collagen, and the EBs were cultured for another 3 days to form embryonic body-sproutings (EB-sproutings). EB-sproutings were digested with 0.25% collagenase I and 0.56 U/ml Liberase Blendzyme for 20 minutes respectively, and the CD31(+) cells were sorted by FACS. The endothelial functions were tested by Dil-ac-LDL uptake assay and tube formation assay.

RESULTSThis approach raised the efficiency of endothelial differentiation to 18%, and also avoided the contamination with animal materials. The obtained hESC-derived endothelial cells (hESC-ECs) had the similar pattern of surface biomarkers as human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs), and their endothelial functions were confirmed by the uptake of Dil-ac-LDL and the tube formation on Matrigel.

CONCLUSIONSThe improved 3D approach can enhance the efficiency of differentiation from hESCs into endothelial cells. Furthermore, serum free differentiation system may be applied in future hESC-based therapies for various ischemic diseases.

Cell Culture Techniques ; methods ; Cell Differentiation ; Cell Line ; Collagen Type I ; Culture Media ; Embryonic Stem Cells ; cytology ; Endothelial Cells ; cytology ; Humans

OBJECTIVETo assess the association between gene polymorphisms and memory function through a genome-wide association study (GWAS) of schizophrenia and control group. Memory cognition was used as a quantitative trait (QT).

METHODSNinty-eight subjects with chronic schizophrenia and 60 matched controls were genotyped with HumanHap660 Bead Array. The results were correlated with quantitative traits including memory and memory delay.

RESULTSFive candidate genes, including RASGRF2 (rs401758, P = 8.03×10(-5)), PLCG2 (rs7185362, P= 4.54×10(-5)), LMO1 (rs484161, P=9.80×10(-7), CSMD1 (rs2469383, P= 2.77×10(-6)) and PRKG1 (rs7898516, P=6.94×10(-5)) were associated with memory cognition deficits.

CONCLUSIONUsing memory cognition as a quantitative trait, this Genome- wide association study has identified 5 susceptibility loci. With their association with nervous system development, neuronal growth, axon guidance and plasticity, brain development, above loci may play a role in the development of memory dysfunction in schizophrenia.

Adult ; Female ; Genetic Predisposition to Disease ; Genome-Wide Association Study ; methods ; Humans ; Male ; Memory ; physiology ; Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide ; Quantitative Trait Loci ; Schizophrenia ; genetics ; Young Adult

OBJECTIVETo characterize the profile of chromosomal imbalances in esophageal cancer (EC) with or without family history in Linzhou, Henan Province of China.

METHODSComparative genomic hybridization (CGH) was used to examine 13 cases with positive family history of EC and 32 cases with negative family history of EC. RESULTS DNA copy number gains on chromosome 10q was observed only in the cases with postivie family history of EC (30%), and none in cases with a negative family history (P<0.05). DNA copy number losses on chromosome 15q were significantly higher in cases with postivie family history (38% vs 6%, P<0.05). The frequency of DNA copy number gains in 3q, 5p, 7p, 8q and DNA copy number losses in 3p, 19q, 9q were similar in the two groups (both beyond 20%) (P>0.05).

CONCLUSIONSFrequent DNA copy number gains on chromosome 10q and losses on chromosome 15q in EC casers with postivie family history indicate that these chromosome sites may harbor the genes related to high susceptibility to EC. Such chromosomal sites as 3q, 5p, 7p, 8q, 3p, 19q, and 9q may contain important genes related with the environmental risk factors of esophageal carcinogenesis.

Adult ; Aged ; China ; Chromosome Disorders ; genetics ; Chromosomes, Human, Pair 10 ; genetics ; Chromosomes, Human, Pair 15 ; genetics ; Comparative Genomic Hybridization ; methods ; Esophageal Neoplasms ; genetics ; Family Health ; Female ; Gene Deletion ; Genetic Predisposition to Disease ; genetics ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged

OBJECTIVETo investigate the effects of intrathecal ouabain and tizanidine injection for treatment of neuropathic pain in rats.

METHODSMale SD rats weighing 250-300 g were randomly divided into 5 groups (n = 6), namely the control group, ouabain group, tizanidine group, combined ouabain and tizanidine injection group, and the antagonist group. Intrathecal catheter was implanted 7 days before spinal nerve ligation to establish the neuropathic pain model. Mechanical withdrawal threshold (MWT) before and after intrathecal administration of the agents was recorded in the rats. Isobolographic analysis was performed to evaluate the interactions between the agents.

RESULTSIntrathecal injection of ouabain (0.25-5 microg) or tizanidine (0.5-5 microg) alone produced dose-dependent analgesic effect against the neuropathic pain (P < 0.05). Isobolographic analysis revealed a synergistic interaction between ouabain and tizanidine. Intrathecal pretreatment with atropine (5 microg) or yohimbine (20 microg) antagonized the effects of ouabain and tizanidine administered alone or in combination (P < 0.05).

CONCLUSIONIntathecal injection of ouabain or tizanidine produces dose-dependent analgesic effects against neuropathic pain, and their synergistic effect after combined injection probably involves the cholinergic transmission and alpha2 receptor.

Analgesics ; administration & dosage ; Animals ; Clonidine ; administration & dosage ; analogs & derivatives ; Injections, Spinal ; Ouabain ; administration & dosage ; Pain ; drug therapy ; Random Allocation ; Rats ; Rats, Sprague-Dawley ; Spinal Nerves ; injuries

OBJECTIVETo explore the influence of oxidized high-density lipoprotein (oxHDL) on the maturation and migration of bone marrow-derived dendritic cells (BMDCs) from C57BL/6J mice.

METHODSThe C57BL/6J mice bone marrow cell suspension was prepared and purified. Recombinant granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (rmGM-CSF) and recombinant interleukin-4 (rmIL-4) were used to promote monocytes to differentiate and suppress lymphocytes. Then 50 microg/mL oxHDL was added to stimulate BMDCs, using 50 microg/mL high-density lipoprotein (HDL) as homologous protein control, PBS as negative control, and 1 microg/mL lipopolysaccharide (LPS) as positive control. The CD86 and MHCII expression rates were detected with fluorescence-activated cell sorting (FACS). Liquid scintillation counting (LSC) was used in mixed lymphocyte reactions (MLRs) to reflect the ability of BMDCs in stimulating the proliferation of homologous T cells. Levels of cytokines IL-12 and IL-10 were detected by ELISA. The cell migration was evaluated with the transwell system.

RESULTSCompared with PBS group, the expressions of CD86 and MHCII, counts per minute of MLRs, secretion of IL-12 and IL-10, and number of migrated cells in oxHDL group and LPS group significantly increased (all P<0.05), while the increment was less in oxHDL group than LPS group. The number of migrated cells in oxHDL group was about twice of that in HDL group.

CONCLUSIONOxHDL may promote the maturation and migration of BMDCs in vitro.

Animals ; Bone Marrow Cells ; cytology ; drug effects ; physiology ; Cell Differentiation ; drug effects ; Cell Movement ; drug effects ; Cells, Cultured ; Dendritic Cells ; cytology ; drug effects ; physiology ; Humans ; Lipoproteins, HDL ; metabolism ; pharmacology ; Lipoproteins, LDL ; metabolism ; pharmacology ; Mice ; Mice, Inbred C57BL

Adult ; Epstein-Barr Virus Infections ; complications ; Humans ; Leukocytes, Mononuclear ; virology ; Nasopharyngeal Neoplasms ; pathology ; virology ; Viral Matrix Proteins ; genetics

OBJECTIVETo compare the Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) infection rates and the frequencies of wt-LMP1 and del-LMP1 EBV variants detected singly or dually among the four types of nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) and to illustrate the possible role of del-LMP1 gene in nasopharyngeal carcinogenesis.

METHODSEBER in situ hybridization was performed in 117 NPCs, including 48 non-keratinizing carcinomas (NKCs), 25 keratinizing squamous cell carcinomas (KSCCs), 5 adenosquamous carcinomas (ASCs), 6 mucoepidermoid carcinomas (MECs) and 33 adenocarcinomas (ACs). Nested PCR for demonstration of EBV LMP1 gene was performed on the tissue samples collected from 99 EBER-positive carcinoma cases and the peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) of 53 healthy adults (HAs).

RESULTSAs indicated by EBER in-situ hybridization, the EBV infection rates in both of 48 NKCs and 25 KSCCs were 100%; and the infection rates of 11 ASCs/MECs and 33 ACs were 9/11 and 51.5% (17/33), respectively. Worthy to note was that most of the NKC cells were EBER-positive while only a small number of EBER-positive neoplastic cells could be found in 17 ACs. The percentage of del-LMP1 EBV variant detected singly in NKCs (85.4%, 41/48) was not only significantly higher than that in PBMCs of 46 HAs (8.7%, 4/46) but also significantly higher than those detected in KSCCs (16.0%, 4/25). The dual infection rate of wt-LMP1 and del-LMP1 variants detected in KSCCs (56.0%, 14/25) was significantly higher than that of NKCs (12.5%, 6/48). The majority of the EBV detected in AC tissues (12/17) and HAs' PBMCs (34/46, 73.7%) were of dual wt-LMP1 and del-LMP1 variants.

CONCLUSIONSThe EBV infection rates are significantly different among 3 major histological categories, namely, NKC/KSCC, ASC/MEC and AC. Though NKCs and KSCCs are always consistently associated with EBV, the single del-LMP1 EBV variant detected in NKCs is predominant over that in KSCCs and most of the KSCCs contain dual wt-LMP1 and del-LMP1 EBV variants. The EBV of the del-LMP1 variant might play a crucial role in carcinogenesis of NKC.

Adult ; Epstein-Barr Virus Infections ; epidemiology ; Female ; Gene Deletion ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Nasopharyngeal Neoplasms ; etiology ; virology ; Viral Matrix Proteins ; genetics