The purpose of this research is to identify the chemical constituents of sea buckthorn leaves extract (SBLE) and explore its hypoglycemic biological activity. SBLE was prepared by hot reflux extraction with 65% ethanol, and its chemical composition was analyzed by ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography-photodiode array-mass spectrometry/mass spectrometry (UHPLC-PDA-MS/MS) system. The animal experiments were compliant with ethical principles for animal use and had been approved by the Animal Experiment Ethics Committee of Jinan University. Mice were injected with streptozocin (STZ) to establish a hyperglycemic animal model, and SBLE (1.5 g·kg^-1) was administered by gavage for 5 weeks. The fasting blood glucose (FBG) and oral glucose tolerance were detected. Normal mice were given SBLE (1.5 g·kg^-1) by intragastric administration for 10 days, and blood was collected from the tail vein to detect the changes in blood glucose within 120 min after sucrose or starch loading. The mucous membrane of the small intestine of mice was taken to detect the activity of α-glucosidase (AG), and the activity of yeast-derived AG incubated with SBLE was evaluated. The glucose uptake by Caco-2 cells treated with SBLE was detected by fluorescence microscopy and cytometry, and the gene expression of sodium-dependent glucose transporter 1 (SGLT1) and glucose transporter 2 (GLUT2) in Caco-2 cells were detected by real-time quantitative PCR (qPCR). A total of 18 compounds were identified, mainly including tannins and flavonoids. SBLE reduced FBG and increased oral glucose tolerance in STZ hyperglycemic mice. SBLE effectively inhibited the increase of blood glucose caused by starch intake in normal mice. SBLE exerted good inhibitory activity on yeast-derived AG (IC₅₀ = 16.94 μg·mL^-1) and small intestinal mucosa AG with an inhibition rate of 15.48%. SBLE (25-100 μg·mL^-1) dose-dependently inhibited glucose uptake by Caco-2 cells, and SBLE significantly reduced the mRNA level of SGLT1 without changing the expression of GLUT2. In conclusion, the UHPLC characteristic fingerprint of SBLE is established with 18 chemical components identified by mass spectrometry, and SBLE exerts hypoglycemic effect by inhibiting the activity of AG and the absorption of glucose by intestinal epithelial cells.

OBJECTIVES: To investigate the incidence of extrauterine growth retardation (EUGR) and its risk factors in very preterm infants (VPIs) during hospitalization in China. METHODS: A prospective multicenter study was performed on the medical data of 2 514 VPIs who were hospitalized in the department of neonatology in 28 hospitals from 7 areas of China between September 2019 and December 2020. According to the presence or absence of EUGR based on the evaluation of body weight at the corrected gestational age of 36 weeks or at discharge, the VPIs were classified to two groups: EUGR group (n=1 189) and non-EUGR (n=1 325). The clinical features were compared between the two groups, and the incidence of EUGR and risk factors for EUGR were examined. RESULTS: The incidence of EUGR was 47.30% (1 189/2 514) evaluated by weight. The multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that higher weight growth velocity after regaining birth weight and higher cumulative calorie intake during the first week of hospitalization were protective factors against EUGR (P<0.05), while small-for-gestational-age birth, prolonged time to the initiation of total enteral feeding, prolonged cumulative fasting time, lower breast milk intake before starting human milk fortifiers, prolonged time to the initiation of full fortified feeding, and moderate-to-severe bronchopulmonary dysplasia were risk factors for EUGR (P<0.05). CONCLUSIONS It is crucial to reduce the incidence of EUGR by achieving total enteral feeding as early as possible, strengthening breastfeeding, increasing calorie intake in the first week after birth, improving the velocity of weight gain, and preventing moderate-severe bronchopulmonary dysplasia in VPIs.
Female ; Fetal Growth Retardation ; Gestational Age ; Hospitalization ; Humans ; Incidence ; Infant ; Infant, Newborn ; Infant, Premature ; Infant, Very Low Birth Weight ; Prospective Studies ; Risk Factors

Objective Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) and tuberculosis (TB) are major public health and social issues worldwide. The long-term follow-up of COVID-19 with pulmonary TB (PTB) survivors after discharge is unclear. This study aimed to comprehensively describe clinical outcomes, including sequela and recurrence at 3, 12, and 24 months after discharge, among COVID-19 with PTB survivors. Methods From January 22, 2020 to May 6, 2022, with a follow-up by August 26, 2022, a prospective, multicenter follow-up study was conducted on COVID-19 with PTB survivors after discharge in 13hospitals from four provinces in China. Clinical outcomes, including sequela, recurrence of COVID-19, and PTB survivors, were collected via telephone and face-to-face interviews at 3, 12, and 24 months after discharge. Results Thirty-two COVID-19 with PTB survivors were included. The median age was 52 (45, 59) years, and 23 (71.9％) were men. Among them, nearly two-thirds (62.5％) of the survivors were moderate, three (9.4％) were severe, and more than half (59.4％) had at least one comorbidity (PTB excluded). The proportion of COVID-19 survivors with at least one sequela symptom decreased from 40.6％ at 3 months to 15.8％ at 24 months, with anxiety having a higher proportion over a follow-up. Cough and amnesia recovered at the 12-month follow-up, while anxiety, fatigue, and trouble sleeping remained after 24 months. Additionally, one (3.1％) case presented two recurrences of PTB and no re-positive COVID-19 during the follow-up period. Conclusion The proportion of long symptoms in COVID-19 with PTB survivors decreased over time, while nearly one in six still experience persistent symptoms with a higher proportion of anxiety. The recurrence of PTB and the psychological support of COVID-19 with PTB after discharge require more attention.

BACKGROUND: Studies have confirmed that monosialotetrahexosyl ganglioside can induce human umbilical cord mesenchymal stem cells to differentiate into neuron-like cells, but little is reported on its optimal concentration. OBJECTIVE: To explore the optimal concentration of monosialotetrahexosyl ganglioside that induces human umbilical cord mesenchymal stem cells to differentiate into neuron-like cells in vitro. METHODS: Human umbilical cord mesenchymal stem cells were isolated by using collagenase digestion method, and after expansion, passage 3 cells were randomly allocated into five groups. When 70%-80% of cells were confluent, 50, 100, 150 and 200 mg/L monosialotetrahexosyl ganglioside induction solutions were added in corresponding experimental groups, while cells in the blank control group were cultured in the same volume of L-DMEM medium. Cell morphology was observed under inverted phase contrast microscope. Expression levels of microtubule-associated protein 2, neurofilament protein and glial fibrillary acidic protein were measured by using immunohistochemistry at 6 hours after induction. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: Human umbilical cord mesenchymal stem cells were isolated successfully and sub-cultured stably. These cells could express surface markers of mesenchymal stem cells. Monosialotetrahexosyl ganglioside at the optimal concentration of 150 mg/L was confirmed to induce the neuron-like differentiation of human umbilical cord mesenchymal stem cells, and differentiated cells could express microtubule-associated protein 2 and neurofilament protein as neuron-specific markers.

Ebola virus(EBOV) disease,the fatality rate of which is as high as 25％-90％,can be transmitted by contac t between human and non-human primates.Early studies of the virus focused on the functions of viral proteins.Recently,the focus of research of EBOV has been switched to the host interaction factors during the process of virus reproduction.In this review,advances in studies on host contributions to EBOV replication,transcription and translation are summarized in order to enhance our understanding of contributions of the host to the virus reproduction process and provide reference for research strategies and new antiviral drugs.

To explore the antagonistic effect of gingerols against the inflammation induced by lectin from Pinellia ternata. In this study, ELISA method was used to determine the effect of different extracts from gingerols on the release of inflammatory factor TNF-α from macrophages induced by lectin from P. ternata. The fluorescence probe was used to determine the effect of gingerols on the changes in ROS of macrophages induced by lectin from P. ternata. The western-blot method was applied to study the effect of gingerols on the increase in expression of cell receptor interacting protein RIP3 in macrophages induced by lectin from P. ternata. The scanning electron microscope (SEM) was used to study the effect of gingerols on morphological changes in macrophages induced by lectin from P. ternata. According to the results, gingerols can significantly inhibit the release of inflammatory factor from macrophages induced by lectin from P. ternata, ROS overproduction and increase in RIP3 expression. SEM results showed that gingerols can inhibit the cytomorphosis and necrocytosis induced by lectin from P. ternata. Fresh ginger's detoxication may be related to gingerols' effects in inhibiing release of inflammatory factor, ROS overproduction and increase in RIP3 expression caused by macrophages induced by lectin from P. ternata, which are mainly inflammatory development.
Animals ; Catechols ; pharmacology ; Cells, Cultured ; Drug Antagonism ; Fatty Alcohols ; pharmacology ; Ginger ; chemistry ; Lectins ; toxicity ; Macrophages ; drug effects ; metabolism ; Male ; Mice ; Mice, Inbred ICR ; Pinellia ; chemistry ; toxicity ; Reactive Oxygen Species ; metabolism ; Receptor-Interacting Protein Serine-Threonine Kinases ; genetics ; metabolism ; Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha ; genetics ; metabolism

Objective To investigate the association of PR gene exon 5 region H770H (rs1042839) single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) with the genetic susceptibility to endometriosis (EM) in southern Han Chinese women. Methods Totally 431 EM patients and 499 non-EM women were collected and separated into EM group and control group, that all cases were confirmed by operation and pathology. A case-control study was performed in EM and control groups to evaluate the association of these SNP with the susceptibility to EM by using a fluorescent quantitative PCR-based high resolution melting (HRM) method. Results The C and T of PR H770H allele frequencies among the EM and control groups were 97.9%(844/862), 2.1% (18/862) and 99.4% (992/998), 0.6% (6/998), respectively. The CC, CT and TT of PR H770H genotype frequencies among the EM and control groups were 95.8%(413/431), 4.2%(18/431), 0 and 98.8%(493/499), 1.2%(6/499), 0, respectively. There were statistical significances in the PR H770H alleles and genotypes distributions between the two groups (χ2=7.386, P=0.007;χ2=8.135, P=0.004). Carrying allele C reduced the risk of EM (OR=0.986, 95%CI: 0.976-0.996), while carrying allele T enhanced the risk of EM (OR=3.319, 95%CI: 1.323-8.325); carrying genotype CC reduced the risk of EM 0.970 time (OR=0.970, 95%CI: 0.949-0.991), whereas carrying genotype CT enhanced the risk of EM 3.473 times (OR=3.473, 95%CI:1.391-8.671). Conclusion There is significant association between the polymorphism of PR H770H and genetic susceptibility to EM in southern Han Chinese women.

OBJECTIVETo assess the association of a single nucleotide polymorphism(SNP) in tumor suppressor gene P53 with the risk of endometriosis (EM) in Han Chinese women.

METHODSFor 460 EM patients, 113 patients with endometrial carcinoma and 530 matched unrelated controls, a rs1042522(C/G) SNP of the P53 gene was genotyped by polymerase chain reaction-single strand polymorphism (PCR-SSP) and DNA sequencing.

RESULTSA significant difference has been detected in the distribution of rs1042522 alleles and genotypes between the EM patients and controls (P< 0.01). Allele G has increased the risk of EM by 1.209 times, while allele C has reduced this risk by 0.837 times. Compared with GG genotype, GC and CC genotypes have both increased the risk for EM (OR=2.073, 95%CI: 1.521-2.820, and OR=1.930, 95%CI: 1.363-2.733, respectively). Significant differences were also detected in the distribution of rs1042522 alleles and genotypes between endometrial carcinoma patients and controls (P< 0.01). Allele G has increased the risk to endometrial carcinoma by 1.311 times, while allele C has reduced this risk by 0.757 times. Compared with GG genotypes, individuals with GC and CC genotypes are more likely to be affected with endometrial carcinoma (OR=2.778, 95%CI: 1.585-4.870, and OR=2.864, 95%CI: 1.557-5.263, respectively).

CONCLUSIONOur study has suggested a significant association between the rs1042522(G/C) polymorphism and susceptibility to EM in Han Chinese women. The mechanism of EM is similar to carcinoma from genetics point of view.

Alleles ; Asian Continental Ancestry Group ; Base Sequence ; China ; Endometrial Neoplasms ; genetics ; Endometriosis ; genetics ; Female ; Gene Frequency ; Genetic Predisposition to Disease ; Genotype ; Humans ; Odds Ratio ; Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide ; Tumor Suppressor Protein p53 ; genetics

Objective To investigate the association of tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α) gene promoter region - 1031T/C and its combination with interleukin-6 (IL-6 ) gene promoter region -634C/G single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNP) with the genetic susceptibility to endometriosis.Methods Total of 432 endometriosis patients and 499 non-endometriosis women who had received an operation due to tubal ligation,tubal recanalization,laparoscopic hydrotubation,ovarian simple cyst and teratoma were collected and separated into endometriosis group and control group,that all cases were confirmed by operation and pathology.A case-control study was performed in endometriosis and control group to evaluate the association of these SNP with the susceptibility to endometriosis by using a fluorescent quantitative PCR-based high resolution melting ( HRM ) method.Results ( 1 ) TNF-α - 1031T/C genotype:the T and C of TNF-α - 1031T/C allele frequencies in the endometriosis group and control group were 79.2％ (684/864),20.8％ (180/864) and 81.8％ (816/998),18.2％ (182/998),respectively.The TT,TC and CC of TNF-α - 1031T/C genotype frequencies in the two groups were 63.7％ (275/432),31.0％ ( 134/432 ),5.3％ (23/432) and 66.5％ (332/499),30.5％ (152/499),3.0％ ( 15/499),respectively.There were no statistical significances in the TNF-α - 1031T/C alleles and genotypes distributions between the two groups ( P =0.158,P =0.186 ).( 2 ) TNF-α - 1031T/C and IL-6 - 634C/G conjoint genotypes:to research on the TNF-α - 1031T/C and IL-6 -634C/G genotypes for conjoint analysis,the TT + CC,TC + CC,CC +CC,TT + CG,TC + CG,CC + CG,TT + GG,TC + GG and CC + GG combination genotype frequencies in the two groups were 39.4％ ( 170/432 ),19.4％ ( 84/432 ),4.6％ ( 20/432 ),20.6％ ( 89/432 ),8.8％ (38/432),0.9％ (4/432),3.5％ (15/432),2.3％ (10/432),0.5％ (2/432) and 36.7％ ( 183/499),17.4％(87/499),1.4％ (7/499),26.1％ (130/499),10.4％ (52/499),1.2％ (6/499),3.8％ (19/499),2.6％ ( 13/499),0.4％ (2/499),respectively.There were no statistical significances in the combination genotypes distributions between the two groups ( P =0.107 ).As compared with carriers of TT + CC combination genotype,the endometriosis risk of carriers of CC + CC combination genotype enhanced 3.076 times ( 95％ CI:1.268 - 7.457,P =0.009 ),and the endometriosis risk of carriers of other combination genotypes were no statistical significances (all P ＞ 0.05 ).ConclusionsThe study demonstrates that there are no significant association between the SNP of TNF-α - 1031T/C and genetic susceptibility to endometriosis.However the results indicate that there are significant association betweengenetic susceptibility to endometriosis and the combination polymorphisms of TNF-α -1031T/C and IL-6- 634C/G.

OBJECTIVESTo analyze the reliability and clinical value of intraoperative ultrasound combined with neuronavigation for resection of intracranial cavernous malformations.

METHODSFrom January 2007 to December 2009, 40 cases of intracranial cavernous malformations were operated under the application of intraoperative ultrasound combined with neuronavigation. There were 18 male and 22 female, aged 18 to 58 years, with a mean age of 34.5 years. Neuronavigation was used for all patients before operation to display the three-dimensional model of nervous system and lesions, so to design the operative approach and determine the scope of the incision. Lesions were allocated by real-time neuronavigation in order to continuously verify the accuracy of operative approach during the operation, supplemented by real-time monitoring of intraoperative ultrasound to guide the process of surgery and determine the extent of resection of lesions.

RESULTSThe registration error of neuronavigation was 1.3 - 3.2 mm, with an average of 2.0 mm. All the patients' three-dimensional model of nervous system and lesions were satisfactorily displayed, and the area of lesions were all accurately located. Structural brain-shifts occurred in 4 cases in the remove process of the lesion, with shift degree 5.0 - 10.0 mm, and were corrected by intraoperative ultrasound. All lesions were well displayed by intraoperative ultrasound. Gross total resection was achieved in all patients, with no patient infected or dead. Neurological deterioration was seen in 2 patients, the morbidity was 5.0%.

CONCLUSIONSThe combination of neuronavigation and intraoperative ultrasound for resection of intracranial cavernous malformations can provide valuable intraoperative informations of the location and resection level of the lesion, thereby maximize the accuracy of lesion localization and the extent of resection, with less complications and enhanced efficacy of the surgery.

Adolescent ; Adult ; Female ; Hemangioma, Cavernous, Central Nervous System ; diagnostic imaging ; surgery ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Neuronavigation ; Neurosurgery ; methods ; Ultrasonography ; Young Adult