ObjectiveBased on functional near-infrared spectroscopy (fNIRS), we investigated the brain activity characteristics of gross motor tasks in children with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) and motor dysfunctions (MDs) to provide a theoretical basis for further understanding the mechanism of MDs in children with ASD and designing targeted intervention programs from a central perspective. MethodsAccording to the inclusion and exclusion criteria, 48 children with ASD accompanied by MDs were recruited into the ASD group and 40 children with typically developing (TD) into the TD group. The fNIRS device was used to collect the information of blood oxygen changes in the cortical motor-related brain regions during single-handed bag throwing and tiptoe walking, and the differences in brain activation and functional connectivity between the two groups of children were analyzed from the perspective of brain activation and functional connectivity. ResultsCompared to the TD group, in the object manipulative motor task (one-handed bag throwing), the ASD group showed significantly reduced activation in both left sensorimotor cortex (SMC) and right secondary visual cortex (V2) (P<0.05), whereas the right pre-motor and supplementary motor cortex (PMC&SMA) had significantly higher activation (P<0.01) and showed bilateral brain region activity; in terms of brain functional integration, there was a significant decrease in the strength of brain functional connectivity (P<0.05) and was mainly associated with dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (DLPFC) and V2. In the body stability motor task (tiptoe walking), the ASD group had significantly higher activation in motor-related brain regions such as the DLPFC, SMC, and PMC&SMA (P<0.05) and showed bilateral brain region activity; in terms of brain functional integration, the ASD group had lower strength of brain functional connectivity (P<0.05) and was mainly associated with PMC&SMA and V2. ConclusionChildren with ASD exhibit abnormal brain functional activity characteristics specific to different gross motor tasks in object manipulative and body stability, reflecting insufficient or excessive compensatory activation of local brain regions and impaired cross-regions integration, which may be a potential reason for the poorer gross motor performance of children with ASD, and meanwhile provides data support for further unraveling the mechanisms underlying the occurrence of MDs in the context of ASD and designing targeted intervention programs from a central perspective.

Ganoderic acid is a class of lanostane-type triterpenoids found in Ganoderma species, and is one of the most important pharmacologically active components in G. lucidum, exhibiting antioxidant, anti-neuropsychiatric, anti-tumor, and immune-enhancing properties. The content of ganoderic acid in G. lucidum is very low, and the traditional extraction process is complex, yielding minimal amounts at high cost. The biosynthetic pathway of G. lucidum triterpenoids(GLTs), including the synthesis of different structural forms of ganoderic acid from lanosterol, as well as the molecular regulatory mechanisms involving key regulatory enzyme genes and their functions, are not yet fully understood. With the continuous development of synthetic biology technologies, there has been a deeper understanding of the biosynthesis and metabolic regulation pathways of ganoderic acid and its derivatives at the molecular level. Research has explored the key regulatory enzyme genes related to ganoderic acid biosynthesis and their functions. Moreover, through the optimization of synthetic biology and culture conditions, large-scale production and preparation of GLTs at the cellular level have been achieved. This paper reviews and analyzes the latest research progress on the biosynthesis pathways and metabolic regulation of GLTs, focusing on the configuration of ganoderic acid and its derivatives, the biosynthetic pathways, key enzyme genes, transcription factors related to ganoderic acid biosynthesis, signal transduction mechanisms, and factors affecting triterpenoid biotransformation. This review is expected to provide a theoretical basis and technical reference for improving the efficient production of triterpenoid pharmacological components and the exploitation and utilization of G. lucidum resources.
Triterpenes/chemistry* ; Reishi/chemistry* ; Biosynthetic Pathways ; Lanosterol

A single-center, randomized, double-blind, dose-controlled trial of modified Sini Powder in treating mild to moderate generalized anxiety disorder(GAD) in the patients with syndrome of liver depression transforming into fire was conducted at Xiyuan Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences. A total of 80 patients with mild to moderate GAD and the syndrome of liver depression transforming into fire were included. Patients were assigned by the central randomization system at a ratio of 3∶1 into an observation group(n=60, receiving a conventional-dose of granules of modified Sini Powder) and a control group(n=20, receiving low-dose granules with the active ingredients being 50% of that in observation group). Assessments were conducted before treatment(baseline), after 2 weeks of introduction, after 2/4/8 weeks of treatment, and after 4 weeks of follow-up. The results were summarized as follows. In terms of primary outcome indicators, the observation group(62.2%) showed higher total response rate than the control group(26.6%)(P<0.05), and greater Hamilton anxiety scale(HAMA) score reduction after 8 weeks of treatment(P<0.05). In terms of secondary outcome indicators, the HAMA score(somatic anxiety score), traditional Chinese medicine(TCM) syndrome scores, Pittsburgh sleep quality index(PSQI) scale, and clinical global impression(CGI) scale score in the observation group showed a significant compared to the control group at each visit points(P<0.05). Adverse events occurred in 10 cases, including 9(16.9%) cases in the observation group and 1(6.6%) case in the control group. No adverse reaction was observed. In conclusion, conventional-dose modified Sini Powder demonstrated superior efficacy and favorable safety for mild and moderate GAD in the patients with the syndrome of liver depression transforming into fire over low-dose treatment.
Humans ; Male ; Female ; Adult ; Middle Aged ; Double-Blind Method ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal/administration & dosage* ; Anxiety Disorders/drug therapy* ; Treatment Outcome ; Young Adult ; Powders ; Aged ; Liver/drug effects* ; Generalized Anxiety Disorder

Isolated male epispadias typically presents with preputial defects and dorsal urethral dehiscence. A less common subtype, known as concealed epispadias, is distinguished by an intact prepuce. Despite its clinical relevance, there is limited literature on this variant. In this study, we retrospectively analyzed the clinical data of 86 pediatric patients with isolated male epispadias treated in Beijing Children's Hospital (Beijing, China) from May 2004 to July 2023, including 19 cases of concealed epispadias and 67 of nonconcealed epispadias. We compared clinical characteristics, preoperative diagnostics, surgical techniques, postoperative outcomes, and sexual function during follow-up between the concealed and nonconcealed groups. No significant differences were observed between the two groups regarding surgical methods, postoperative complications, or rates of urinary incontinence. However, notable distinctions were found in the age at initial diagnosis, timing of surgery, frequency of incontinence, location of the urethral meatus, and postoperative urinary incontinence scores (all P < 0.05). Given the absence of penopubic epispadias in concealed cases, we categorized glans and penile epispadias within nonconcealed epispadias as distal epispadias ( n = 40) and subsequently compared them with concealed epispadias cases. The postoperative urinary incontinence scores did not differ significantly between the concealed and distal epispadias groups. These findings suggest that concealed epispadias represents a relatively milder form of the condition, characterized by the absence of penopubic involvement, lower rates of urinary incontinence, and favorable surgical outcomes. However, the intact prepuce in concealed cases underscores the need for careful identification and early diagnosis.
Humans ; Male ; Retrospective Studies ; Epispadias/classification* ; China ; Tertiary Care Centers ; Child, Preschool ; Child ; Postoperative Complications/epidemiology* ; Urinary Incontinence/epidemiology* ; Urethra/surgery* ; Infant ; Penis/surgery* ; Adolescent ; Urologic Surgical Procedures, Male/methods* ; East Asian People

Atherosclerosis, a chronic inflammatory disease, is markedly influenced by both immune and inflammatory reactions throughout its progression. Dendritic cells, as pivotal antigen-presenting entities, play a crucial role in the initiation of immune responses and the preservation of immunological homeostasis. Accumulating data indicates that dendritic cells are present in healthy arteries and accumulate significantly in atherosclerotic plaques. Novel immunotherapeutic approaches and vaccination protocols have yielded substantial clinical advancements in managing chronic inflammatory diseases, with dendritic cell-centric modalities emerging for atherosclerotic management. In this review, we delineate the essential functions and underlying mechanisms of dendritic cells and their subsets in the modulation of atherosclerotic inflammation and immune responses. We underscore the immense promise of dendritic cell-based immunotherapeutic strategies, including vaccines and innovative combinations with nanotechnological drug delivery platforms for atherosclerosis treatment. We also discuss the challenges associated with dendritic cell immunotherapy and provide perspectives on the future direction of this field.

ObjectiveTo explore the efficacy-driving mechanism of Danhong injection （DHI） in the treatment of stable angina pectoris （SAP） based on the composition-activity relationship of target modules and clarify the pharmacological effects of DHI. MethodAccording to the angina frequency （AF） in the Seattle Angina Questionnaire （SAQ） that was obtained in the previous clinical trial， the patients before and after DHI treatment were grouped based on efficacy. The transcriptomic data of the patients before treatment and in the best efficacy group 30 days post-treatment were selected as the data source， and then weighted gene co-expression network analysis （WGCNA） was employed to construct the co-expression network. Relevant modules in the network were identified and associated with clinical features. In addition， the On-modules （Z value below 0） were identified by Zsummary. The topological indicators such as density， centrality， and clustering coefficient were adopted to explore the dynamics of DHI efficacy at the network level and module level， respectively. In addition， the driver genes were screened by the personalized network control （PNC） algorithm. Finally， rat H9C2 cells were used to establish the model of hypoxia/reoxygenation （H/R）， which was used to confirm the potential therapeutic target of DHI for SAP and provide a scientific basis for revealing the therapeutic mechanism of DHI. ResultWe identified 19 modules in the best efficacy group of DHI for SAP， and the comparison between day 0 and day 30 revealed 12 On-modules. The changes of network topological indicators at the network and module levels confirmed the correlation between the best efficacy of DHI treatment and topological dynamics. Finally， the driver genes， Klotho and fibroblast growth factor 22 （FGF22）， in DHI treatment of SAP were verified by the H9C2 cell model of H/R. ConclusionBased on clinical transcriptome data， this study determined the composition-activity relationship of target modules of DHI for SAP， which provided a scientific basis for deciphering the efficacy-driven mechanism of DHI for SAP.

Lipopolysaccharides (LPS) are major outer membrane components of Gram-negative bacteria. Unlike most Gram-negative bacteria, Acinetobacter baumannii can still survive and acquire polymyxin resistance after complete loss of LPS. Previous studies of LPS-deficient Acinetobacter baumannii mostly focused on LPS-deficient strains induced by polymyxin, whose background was complex and unstable. To investigate LPS loss-mediated polymyxin resistant-Acinetobacter baumannii, this study constructed a stable and clear background LPS-deficient strain by knocking out lpxC gene in Acinetobacter baumannii ATCC 19606 with CIRSPR/Cas9, and then studied the phenotypic changes of the lpxC-deficient strain including morphology, growth rate, antibiotic susceptibility, virulence, membrane permeability, and membrane potential. Animal experiments were approved by the Animal Care and Welfare Committee Institute of Medicinal Biotechnology, CAMS and PUMC (approval number: IMB-20240119D₉). The results indicated that the lpxC gene of Acinetobacter baumannii ATCC 19606 was successfully knocked out. After losing the lpxC, the strain underwent the morphological change from rod-shaped to spherical. Furthermore, it leads to reduced growth rate, enhanced membrane permeability, decreased membrane potential, lower virulence, and increased antibiotic susceptibility to β-lactams, quinolones, aminoglycosides, macrolides, glycopeptides. The lpxC deletion results in significant changes in membrane homeostasis and adaptability of Acinetobacter baumannii. Understanding the phenotypic changes of colistin-resistant Acinetobacter baumannii mediated by LPS loss is useful for exploring the resistance mechanism of Acinetobacter baumannii and developing new therapeutic strategies.

Objective To explore the chemical basis of Shenxianshengmai oral liquid.Method UHPLC-Q Exactive Focus MS/MS technology was used to identify the chemical components of Shenxianshengmai oral liquid.The chromatographic separation was performed on a Thermo Accucore aQ C18 column(150 mm×2.1 mm,2.6 μm)with mobile phase gradient elution of 0.1%formic acid aqueous solution(A)and methanol(B)for 0-13 min,5%-60%B;13-27 min,60%-95%B;27-30 min,95%B,the flow rate was 0.3 mL·min-1,and the column temperature was at 30℃.The mass spectrometry was performed by heating electrospray ionization(H-ESI)with positive and negative ion scanning modes.The scanning range was m/z 120-1800,and the collision energies were 30 eV,50 eV and 70 eV.Result A total of 160 components were identified,including 29 flavonoids,24 organic acids,21 alkaloids,19 terpenoids,15 phenylpropanoids,12 saponins and 40 other components.Six chemical constituents(rutin,psoralenoside,isopsoralenoside,psoralen,isopsoralen and bakuchiol)were confirmed by comparison with reference substances.Conclusion In this study,an UHPLC-Q Exactive Focus MS/MS method has been established for accurate,rapid and systematic identification of the constituents in Shenxian Shengmai oral liquid,which provides an important basis for clarifying the chemical basis and quality control.

Objective To with analyzing the gene expression profile of idiopathic non-cirrhotic portal hypertension(INCPH)by bioinformatics methods,we may obtain its key genes and signaling pathways to explore the molecular mechanism of INCPH and predict the potential traditional Chinese medicine.Methods The gene microarray dataset GSE77627 on INCPH was downloaded from gene expression omnibus(GEO)database,the data were normalized and screened for differential genes(DEGs)of INCPH using R language,and all DEGs were analyzed for gene ontology(GO)and Kyoto encyclopedia of genes and genomes(KEGG)enrichment using Metascape database,and protein-protein interaction network was constructed by STRING database;meanwhile DEGs with the top 15 Degree values were screened as key genes using CytoHubba plugin.Subsequently,the key genes were mapped to each other with the medical ontology information retrieval platform(coremine medical)to screen potential Chinese herbal medicines for the treatment of INCPH with P<0.05,and the potent components that potential Chinese medicines have were screened from the TCMSP database,imported into Cytoscape software to construct a Chinese medicine correlation network map and predict the key targets.Results A total of 1880 DEGs were screened,including 1061 up-regulated and 819 down-regulated genes.DEGs were analyzed using the protein interaction database STRING and cytoHubba in Cytoscape software to obtain key genes,which were RPS27A,CDC42,EIF4E,MAPK1,PIK3R1,RPS6,RPS9,RPS8,RPL15,RPL27A,RPL24,RPL27,RPL26,RPL12 and MAPK14.The GO and KEGG analysis mainly involved gamete production and AGE-RAGE signaling pathway in INCPH.Conclusion The potential traditional Chinese medicines screened for INCPH are Ginseng Radix et Rhizoma,Salviae Miltiorrhizae Radix et Rhizoma,Scutellariae Radix,etc,which may be a potential source of molecular drugs for the treatment of INCPH.

Objective:To investigate the effects of bunched cognitive behavior intervention on disease fear and psychological security in patients with glioma.Methods:A total of 92 patients with glioma who underwent surgical treatment from January 2022 to June 2023 were selected.According to the order of enrollment, all subjects were divided into research group( n=44)and control group( n=48). The patients in control group received routine medical and nursing intervention, and patients the research group adopted glioma bunched cognitive behavior intervention on the basis of routine medical and nursing intervention, including 4 intervention cycles.At enrollment, 2 weeks after intervention, and 4 weeks after intervention, all subjects were evaluated by the fear of progression questionnaire-short form (FoP-Q-SF), safety questionnaire (SQ), self-rating anxiety scale (SAS) and self-rating depression scale (SDS). All the data in this study were processed by SPSS 26.0 statistical software.The scores of FoP-Q-SF, SQ, SAS and SDS before and after intervention were compared by repeated measures ANOVA between the two groups. Results:(1)The total FoP-Q-SF score, physiological health dimension scores, and social family dimension scores of the two groups showed significant interaction effects before and after intervention ( F=254.839, 52.738, 12.237, all P<0.05). Further simple effect analysis showed that after 2 and 4 weeks of intervention, the FoP-Q-SF scores of the research group (2 weeks after intervention: 33.80±4.94, 36.48±4.04; 4 weeks after intervention: 31.25±4.55, 35.94±4.47) and social family dimensions (2 weeks after intervention: 15.32±2.56 points, 17.06±2.14; 4 weeks after intervention: 14.05±2.59, 16.96±1.99) were lower than those of the control group (all P<0.05). The physiological health dimension score of the research group was lower than that of the control group after 4 weeks of intervention (4 weeks after intervention: 17.30±2.92, 19.06±2.38) ( P<0.05). After 4 weeks of intervention, the FoP-Q-SF score, physiological health dimension score, and social family dimension score of the research group were all lower than those at 2 weeks after intervention and before intervention (all P<0.05). (2)The total SQ score, interpersonal security dimension score and the determined control score of the two groups showed significant interaction effects before and after intervention( F=193.129, 54.706, 44.015, all P<0.05). Further simple effect testing showed that after 2 and 4 weeks of intervention, the total SQ score and interpersonal security score of the research group were higher than those of the control group (all P<0.05). The determined control score of the research group was higher than that of the control group after 4 weeks of intervention ( P<0.05). After 2 and 4 weeks of intervention, the total SQ score, interpersonal security score, and determination control score of the research group were higher than before intervention (all P<0.05), and the total SQ score and interpersonal security score of the research group were higher than 2 weeks after intervention (both P<0.05). (3)The SAS score and SDS score of the two groups showed significant interaction effects before and after intervention( F=237.867, 282.882, both P<0.05). Further simple effect analysis showed that after 2 and 4 weeks intervention, the SAS and SDS scores of the research group were lower than those of the control group (all P<0.05). The SAS and SDS scores of the research group were lower after 2 weeks and 4 weeks intervention than before intervention (all P<0.05). The SAS and SDS scores of the research group at 4 weeks after intervention were lower than those at 2 weeks after intervention (both P<0.05). Conclusion:Bundled cognitive behavioral intervention can improve disease fear and negative emotions in patients with glioma, and enhance psychological security.