The prevalence of dilated cardiomyopathy （DCM） has been increasing year by year，which seriously endangers the physical and mental health of patients. Establishing an animal model that conforms to the clinical characteristics of the disease is a prerequisite for conducting experimental research on DCM. This study sorted out and summarized the commonly used DCM animal models and evaluated the degree of consistency between the models and clinical practice based on the etiology and pathogenesis of traditional Chinese and western medicine and clinical diagnostic criteria. The models with high consistency with western medicine include immune models，drug toxicity models，and tachycardia models，while the models with high consistency with traditional Chinese medicine include drug toxicity models，gene correlation models，and tachycardia models. With consideration of the characteristics of the symptoms，consistency，and their respective advantages and disadvantages，the more ideal models are drug toxicity models，tachycardia models，and gene correlation models. In addition to evaluating the clinical consistency of traditional Chinese and western medicine in DCM animal models，this study also analyzed the advantages and disadvantages of existing DCM animal models，existing problems，and observation indicators of the models and pointed out the lack of standardized and unified syndrome model differentiation standards. Due to the complexity of the disease and the unclear pathogenesis，there are few studies on DCM models，and there is room for improvement. On this basis，four improvement directions are proposed to make the animal models as close to the clinical pathological and physiological processes as possible，so that the combination of disease and syndrome in animal models is more practical. These animal models can provide an experimental basis for the pathogenesis，drug intervention，efficacy evaluation，and scientific research of DCM and better serve scientific research and clinical practice.

Objective To systematically evaluate the prevalence of frailty in patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA). Methods A systematic search method for observational studies on the prevalence of frailty in patients with RA was conducted, and literature screening, data extraction as well as evaluation of literature quality were performed in strict accordance with evidence-based medical research methodology. Meta-analysis and Egger's linear regression analysis were performed by Stata 16.0 software. Results Twenty-six literatures were included in the study, including a total sample size of 22, 547 patients. The results of the analysis showed that the total prevalence of frailty in patients with RA was 36% (95%CI, 0.26 to 0.45, P < 0.001), and the prevalence of pre-frailty was 43% (95%CI, 0.36 to 0.50, P < 0.001). The results of subgroup analysis showed that the incidence of frailty was higher in RA patients with features of female, age over 60 years old, hospitalization, living in European region and evaluation with multi-dimensional comprehensive frailty assessment tool and the specific RA frailty assessment tool. Conclusion The overall incidence of frailty and pre-frailty in RA patients is high, and there are differences in the incidence of frailty among patients with different ages, genders, environments, regions, and types of assessment tools.

Objective: To investigate the epidemilogical characteristics of pulmonary tuberculosis in Huzhou City, Zhejiang Province from 2014 to 2023, so as to provide the basis for formulating prevention and control measures for the construction of "TB-free city". Methods: The data of pulmonary tuberculosis cases in Huzhou City from 2014 to 2023 was collected through the Infectious Disease Reporting Management System of Chinese Disease Prevention and Control Information System. The onset time, region, and population distribution characteristics of the cases were described. Results: A total of 11 598 cases of pulmonary tuberculosis were reported in Huzhou City from 2014 to 2023, with an average annual incidence of 37.42/105. The reported incidence decreased from 47.50/105 in 2014 to 28.36/105 in 2023 (P<0.05), with an annual decline rate of 5.57%. There were 6 304 etiological positive cases, accounting for 54.35%. The peak season for pulmonary tuberculosis cases was from March to September, with the highest seasonal ratio of 112.48% in May. The average annual reported incidence rates in Anji County and Changxing County were relatively high (46.14/105 and 41.15/105). The reported incidence rate of pulmonary tuberculosis in Huzhou City increased with age (P<0.05), peaking at 97.36/105 in the group aged 75 to <80 years. There were 7 991 male pulmonary tuberculosis cases and 3 607 female cases, with a male-to-female ratio of 2.22∶1. The average annual incidence rates of pulmonary tuberculosis was higher in males than in females (50.39/105 vs. 23.87/105). Farmers were the primary occupation affected, with 6 350 cases accounting for 54.75%. Conclusions The reported incidence rate of pulmonary tuberculosis in Huzhou City decreased from 2014 to 2023, with a high incidence in spring and summer. The incidence rates in Anji County and Changxing County were higher than Huzhou City's average. Male, elderly residents and farmers were the key populations for pulmonary tuberculosis prevention and control.

Objective To explore the prescribing law of TCM in national patents for the treatment of benign prostatic hyperplasia(BPH);To provide a reference for clinical medication.Methods Data on TCM compound prescriptions for the treatment of BPH were retrieved from the China National Intellectual Property Administration(CNIPA)patent retrieval and analysis system,covering the period from January 1,2000,to October 31,2023.The frequency,efficacy category,properties and tastes,meridian tropism,core complex co-occurrence network,and potential TCM clusters mentioned in the patents were analyzed using Excel 2016,SPSS Modeler 18.0,SPSS Statistics 27,and Cytoscape 3.10.0 software.Results A total of 182 patents were included,involving 404 kinds of Chinese materia medica,with a total frequency of 2054 times.Among them,22 kinds of Chinese materia medica had a frequency of≥20,with the most frequently used Chinese materia medica being Astragali Radix,Glycyrrhizae Radix et Rhizoma,Phellodendri Chinensis Cortex,Epimedii Folium,Salviea Miltiorrhizae Radix et Rhizoma,Plantaginis Semen,Poria,Vaccariae Semen,Alismatis Rhizoma and Paeoniae Radix Rubra.The high-frequency herbs primarily consisted of tonifying herbs(267 times,13.00%),blood circulation-activating and stasis-resolving herbs(216 times,10.52%),and diuretic and dampness-percolating herbs(147 times,7.16%).The properties of the herbs were mainly sweet and cold,and they were mainly attributed to the liver and kidney meridians.Association rule analysis yielded 10 common drug pairs,including Cornus Officinalis-Rehmannize Radix et Praeparata,Curcumae Rhizoma-Sparganii Rhizoma,and Astragali Radix-Codonopsis Radix.The drug combination with the highest confidence was Angelicae Sinensis Radix-Phellodendri Chinensis Cortex-Glycyrrhizae Radix et Rhizoma.Clustering analysis revealed five drug combinations,while potential TCM clustering analysis identified five groups,among which the"Zingiberis Rhizoma-Os Draconis-Angelicae Pubescentis Radix-Scallion-Rice Bran-Speranskiae Herba"network demonstrated the highest degree of interconnection(Score=6).Conclusion The high-frequency herbs in national patents for the treatment of BPH with TCM compound prescriptions mainly focus on tonifying the spleen and kidney,activating blood circulation to remove stasis,and clearing heat and draining dampness,providing a reference for clinical practice.

Cancer cachexia is a multi-organ syndrome and closely related to changes in signal communication between organs, which is mediated by cancer cachexia factors. Cancer cachexia factors, being the general name of inflammatory factors, circulating proteins, metabolites, and microRNA secreted by tumor or host cells, play a role in secretory or other organs and mediate complex signal communication between organs during cancer cachexia. Cancer cachexia factors are also a potential target for the diagnosis and treatment. The pathogenesis of cachexia is unclear and no clear effective treatment is available. Thus, the treatment of cancer cachexia from the perspective of the tumor ecosystem rather than from the perspective of a single molecule and a single organ is urgently needed. From the point of signal communication between organs mediated by cancer cachexia factors, finding a deeper understanding of the pathogenesis, diagnosis, and treatment of cancer cachexia is of great significance to improve the level of diagnosis and treatment. This review begins with cancer cachexia factors released during the interaction between tumor and host cells, and provides a comprehensive summary of the pathogenesis, diagnosis, and treatment for cancer cachexia, along with a particular sight on multi-organ signal communication mediated by cancer cachexia factors. This summary aims to deepen medical community’s understanding of cancer cachexia and may conduce to the discovery of new diagnostic and therapeutic targets for cancer cachexia.

Objective:The purpose of this study was to investigate the characteristics of distortion product otoacoustic emissions (DPOAE) in patients with auditory neuropathy (AN). The factors affecting DPOAE elicitation rate of each frequency, elicitation rate of each ear and change rate of first and last diagnosis in the natural course were analyzed.Methods:The sample was obtained from the Multicenter Study on Clinical Diagnosis and Intervention of AN (registration number: ChiCTR2100050125), and the diagnostic criteria for AN were based on the Chinese Clinical Practice Guidelines of Auditory Neuropathy (version 2022). Patients with bilateral AN who underwent 2 or more DPOAE tests were screened and divided into infant groups (≤3 years old) and non-infant groups (>3 years old) according to the age of detection, and the trend of DPOAE elicitation rate of each frequency, elicitation rate of each ear and change rate in the natural course of disease were analyzed, in order to explore the relevant influencing factors.Results:A total of 165 patients (330 ears) with AN were included in the study. The overall DPOAE elicitation rate per ear was 77.0%±29.4% at the initial diagnosis and 65.1%±35.2% at the final diagnosis, with a reduction observed in the elicitation rate of 171 ears (51.82%). In the infant group, there were 49 cases (98 ears), including 28 males and 21 females, whose found age ranged from 0 to 3 years old, with a median age of 0.7 years. DPOAE elicitation rate per ear was 57.9%±35.5% in the initial diagnosis, and 32.4%±32.1% in the final diagnosis, with a reduction observed in the elicitation rate of 69 ears (70.41%). In the non-infant group, there were 116 cases (232 ears), including 59 males and 57 females, ranging in found age from 3.9 to 40 years old, with a median age of 14 years old. DPOAE elicitation rate per ear was 84.6%±23.4% in the initial diagnosis, and 78.3%±27.1% in the final diagnosis, with a reduction observed in the elicitation rate of 102 ears (43.97%). Age was found to be correlated with DPOAE changes by multicategorical unordered logistic regression analysis ( B=-0.224, OR=0.799, P<0.001). Conclusions:The elicitation rate of DPOAE in AN patients decreases or even disappears with increasing disease duration; The rate of DPOAE extraction is found to be lower in infant patients with auditory neuropathy (AN) compared to non-infant AN patients. Additionally, it is observed that the decrease in DPOAE extraction rate is more pronounced in infant AN patients as the disease progressed, as compared to non-infant AN patients. DPOAE and cochlear microphonic potentials should be fully combined for accurate diagnosis, and regular follow-up should be conducted to understand the natural course of the disease and give personalized guidance and assistance.

Pregnancy ; Female ; Humans ; Pregnancy Outcome ; Cross-Sectional Studies ; Lupus Erythematosus, Systemic/epidemiology* ; Pregnancy Complications/epidemiology* ; Menstruation Disturbances

Objective To investigate the value of multi-parameter features based on MRI in the differential diagnosis of benign parotid tumors.Methods Retrospective analysis was conducted on the MRI data of 144 lesions in 123 patients.According to the pathological results,all cases were divided into pleomorphic adenoma(PA)group(n=90)and non-PA group(n=33).The gender,location,MRI signal and dynamic enhancement types of the two groups were compared and analyzed.Results There were all significant differences in age,gender,cystic degeneration,T1WI,T2WI signals,types of time-signal intensity curve(TIC),lesion location,edge and apparent diffusion coefficient(ADC)values between PA and non-PA groups(P＜0.05).Gender(female),T2 high signal and ADC values were in good agreement with the pathological results in PA(Kappa value was 0.62,0.62,0.78,respectively,P＜0.05).The receiver operating characteristic(ROC)curve showed that ADC value and Tpeak had good differential diagnostic value.Area under the curve(AUC)(AUCADC and AUCTpeak)were 0.97[95％confidence interval(CI)0.92-1.00]and 0.76(95％CI 0.52-0.97),respectively.Cut-off value of ADC was 1.03×10-3 mm2/s,and sensitivity and specificity was 85.71％and 100.00％,respectively.Cut-off value of Tpeak was 102 s,and sensitivity and specificity was 71.43％and 75.00％,respectively.When the two parameters were combined for differential diagnosis,the AUC was 0.92(95％CI 0.92-1.00),and the sensitivity and specificity was 92.86％and 87.50％,respectively.Conclusion The comprehensive analysis of multi-parameter imaging features based on MRI can improve the accuracy of differential diagnosis of benign parotid tumors and help to formulate individualized treatment plans.

Objective Explore the feasibility and accuracy of using deep learning techniques for gender inference in panoramic dental radiography images of Chinese Han population.Methods A total of 10,600 OPG images from Han individuals aged 18 to 70(5,300 males and 5,300 females)were collected and randomly divided into training set,validation set,and test set in an 8:1:1 ratio.MobileNetV2,Swin Transformer Small,and Swin Transformer Tiny models were trained,and the classification performance of the models was evaluated and visually displayed using accuracy,F1 score,and Grad-CAM algorithm.Results The accuracy of MobileNetV2,Swin Transformer Small,and Swin Transformer Tiny models was 97.57%,95.13%,and 96.28%respectively,with MobileNetV2 model showing the best overall performance.The Grad-CAM algorithm revealed that male OPG images mainly focused on the left and right mandibular branches and alveolar bone,while female OPG images mainly focused on the maxillary sinus,left mandibular branch,and posterior alveolar bone.Conclusion This study demonstrates that the gender inference model based on deep learning techniques for OPG images of Chinese Han population has high accuracy and generalization ability,providing a new approach for forensic gender determination in forensic medicine.

Objective:To investigate the methylation status of SDC2, PPP2R5C and ADHFE1 genes in stool and their values in the screening of colorectal cancer and precancerous lesions.Methods:From August 2020 to March 2021, 64 patients with colorectal cancer, 72 patients with adenoma, 33 patients with hyperplastic polyps and 59 healthy people were recruited from Qingdao Central Hospital Affiliated to Qingdao University, and the morning stool samples were collected from the research subjects. The genomic DNA was extracted and modified with sulfite. The methylation status of SDC2, PPP2R5C and ADHFE1 genes were detected by methylation specific polymerase chain reaction (MSP), and the fecal occult blood test (FOBT) was performed. Taking the pathological results as the gold standard, receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve and area under the curve (AUC) were used to compare the effect of combined detection of methylation of three genes and FOBT in predicting colorectal cancer and precancerous lesions. R-Studio software was used to construct a nomogram for the prediction of colorectal cancer with combined detection of gene methylation in stool and other clinical features, and the calibration and validation were performed.Results:The positive rates of combined detection of methylation of SDC2, PPP2R5C and ADHFE1 genes in stool were higher than those of FOBT in colorectal cancer+adenoma [74.3% (101/136) vs. 47.1% (64/136), χ2 = 23.20, P = 0.001], colorectal cancer [90.6% (58/64) vs. 70.3% (45/64), χ2 = 8.91, P = 0.003] and adenoma [59.7% (43/72) vs. 26.4% (19/72), χ2 = 14.43, P = 0.002]. There was no significant difference in the positive rates in hyperplastic polyps [21.2% (7/33) vs. 6.1% (2/33), χ2 = 0.12, P = 0.125] and healthy controls [10.2% (6/59) vs. 8.5% (5/59), χ2 = 4.01, P = 1.000]. The combined detection of gene methylation was better than FOBT in the prediction of colorectal cancer + adenoma [AUC: 0.85 (95% CI 0.80-0.91) vs. 0.71 (95% CI 0.64-0.78), P < 0.05], especially in the prediction of adenoma [AUC: 0.82 (95% CI 0.74-0.89) vs 0.64 (95% CI 0.57-0.69), P < 0.001]. The sensitivity and specificity of ADHFE1 gene methylation status in predicting colorectal cancer were high (90.6% and 96.6%). In colorectal cancer patients over 50 years old, the positive rate of combined detection of gene methylation was higher than that of FOBT [90.2% (55/61) vs. 68.9% (42/61), P < 0.05]. The nomogram calibration curve for predicting colorectal cancer constructed based on the combined detection of gene methylation and each clinical feature showed a high degree of concordance between the predicted and observed diagnostic performance of colorectal cancer. Conclusions:The methylation levels of SDC2, PPP2R5C AND ADHFE1 genes in stool are increased in patients with colorectal cancer or adenoma. The combined detection of gene methylation is expected to be a non-invasive method for the screening of colorectal cancer and precancerous lesions.