OBJECTIVE To know about the perception and current status of drug risk management among pharmacists in Chinese medical institutions， providing insights and recommendations for enhancing the drug risk management system in medical institutions. METHODS A questionnaire survey was conducted across 28 provinces， cities， and autonomous regions； stratified radom sampling was employed to study the population of medical workers and pharmaceutical professionals in medical institutions nationwide. The survey included information on the survey population， the current status of drug risk management implementation in medical institutions， the cognition， definition and process of drug risk management related concepts， and the content and mode of drug risk management work in medical institutions. Finally， suggestions were collected from various medical institutions on the system construction of drug risk management. Descriptive statistical analysis was adopted to summarize the obtained data. RESULTS A total of 446 questionnaires were collected in this survey， including 420 valid questionnaires and 26 invalid questionnaires. The questionnaire collection rate was 100%，and the effective rate was 94.17%. 51.19% of the respondents No.2020YFC2009001）。 based their understanding of drug risk management on Management Measures for Adverse Drug Reaction Reports and Monitoring， while 87.38% recognized the need for drug risk management throughout the drug use process. 63.33% of the participants stated that their medical institutions had dedicated positions related to drug risk management， with the highest proportion （72.17%） was in third-grade class A medical institutions. 66.43% reported implementing risk management across all drug use stages. Suggestions for the development of drug risk management systems in medical institutions by the research participants focused on enhancing guiding documents， clarifying concepts， establishing information-sharing mechanisms. CONCLUSIONS The overall awareness of drug risk management in China’s medical institutions is high， with practices in place across various stages in multiple forms. However， there remains a need to strengthen institutional documents， management regulations， system development， and information-sharing mechanisms to improve collaborative governance， improve drug management levels， and ensure patient safety.

The Asian expert working group completed the 2022 consensus on vernal keratitis (VKC), which provides detailed information on the definition, classification, clinical manifestation, diagnosis and treatment of VKC in Asia and identifies unmet treatment needs, including: (1) lack of clear criteria for the diagnosis and treatment of patients with VKC.The pathogenesis of the disease is unclear, and anti-allergy therapy is often ineffective in patients with moderate or severe VKC; (2) the need for standardized treatment and management strategies.Treatment and management of patients with the same severity varies widely among Asian countries, with a lack of clear, standardized guidelines and grading systems; (3) safety and iatrogenic complications; (4) optimal dosing regimen for pharmacologic treatment.In this article, the aspects mentioned above were interpreted and analyzed in the context of the Expert Consensus on the Diagnosis and Treatment of Allergic Conjunctivitis in China ( 2018), with a view to helping the prevention and treatment of VKC in China.

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the feasibility and effectiveness of absorbable anchor combined with Kirschner wire fixation in the reconstruction of extension function of old mallet finger. METHODS: Between January 2020 and January 2022, 23 cases of old mallet fingers were treated. There were 17 males and 6 females with an average age of 42 years (range, 18-70 years). The cause of injury included sports impact injury in 12 cases, sprain in 9 cases, and previous cut injury in 2 cases. The affected finger included index finger in 4 cases, middle finger in 5 cases, ring finger in 9 cases, and little finger in 5 cases. There were 18 patients of tendinous mallet fingers (Doyle type Ⅰ), 5 patients were only small bone fragments avulsion (Wehbe type ⅠA). The time from injury to operation was 45-120 days, with an average of 67 days. The patients were treated with Kirschner wire to fix the distal interphalangeal joint in a mild back extension position after joint release. The insertion of extensor tendon was reconstructed and fixed with absorbable anchors. After 6 weeks, the Kirschner wire was removed, and the patients started joint flexion and extension training. RESULTS: The postoperative follow-up ranged from 4 to 24 months (mean, 9 months). The wounds healed by first intention without complications such as skin necrosis, wound infection, and nail deformity. The distal interphalangeal joint was not stiff, the joint space was good, and there was no complication such as pain and osteoarthritis. At last follow-up, according to Crawford function evaluation standard, 12 cases were excellent, 9 cases were good, 2 cases were fair, and the good and excellent rate was 91.3%. CONCLUSION Absorbable anchor combined with Kirschner wire fixation can be used to reconstruct the extension function of old mallet finger, which has the advantages of simple operation and less complications.
Male ; Female ; Humans ; Adult ; Bone Wires ; Fracture Fixation, Internal ; Finger Injuries/surgery* ; Fractures, Bone/surgery* ; Tendon Injuries/surgery* ; Fingers ; Treatment Outcome ; Finger Joint/surgery*

Objective:To observe the role of yogurt containing 2 type of Bifidobacterias in improving the intestinal comfort in children. Methods:A 4-week, single-arm, non-randomized study was conducted from October 23, 2021 to November 21, 2021, in which, healthy children aged 3-6 years in real life were provided with commercially available children′s yogurt supplemented with Bifidobacteriumlactis BL-99 and Bifidobacterium infantis YLGB-1496.The questionnaire on gastrointestinal symptoms in children and the Patient-Oriented SCORing Atopic Dermatitis (PO-SCORAD) index were used to evaluate the intestinal comfort and skin sensitivity changes at baseline, week 1, week 2, and week 4, respectively. Kruskal- Wallis rank sum test was used for comparison at different time points. Results:A total of 39 children, involving 20 boys and 19 girls with the median age of 5.0 years completed the study.There were significant differences in intestinal comfort score and PO-SCORAD scores, distribution of stool consistency and night awakening frequency at different time points (baseline, week 1, week 2 and week 4) (all P<0.05). The total score of intestinal comfort at week 2 and 4 was 12.0 (10.0, 13.0) points and 10.0 (9.0, 10.0) points, which was significantly lower than that at baseline[17.0 (15.0, 21.0) points, P<0.05]. The total score of intestinal comfort at week 4 was significantly lower than that at week 1[13.0 (11.0, 15.0)points] and week 2 (all P<0.05). At week 4, all children had an ideal stool consistency (type 3-4). At week 4, 33 (84.6%) of the children woke up 0 times, and 6 (15.4%) of the children woke up once or twice.The PO-SCORAD scores at week 1, 2 and 4 were 10.2 (6.5, 14.7) points, 8.2 (5.5, 14.2) points and 5.5 (4.5, 9.0) points, respectively, which were all significantly lower than that at baseline[18.3 (11.6, 25.3) points, all P<0.05]. The total PO-SCORAD score at week 4 was significantly lower than that at week 1 ( P<0.05). Conclusions:After eating yoghurt supplemented with Bifidobacteriumlactis BL-99 and Bifidobacterium infantis YLGB-1496 for 4 weeks, the children′s intestinal comfort and stool consistency, night awakening and skin sensitivity are improved.

Plastic products are widely used in various fields, and the discarded plastics in the environment can be degraded into microplastics (MPs) or even nanoplastics (NPs), which significantly increases the risk of organism exposure. MPs/NPs have been found in aquatic organisms, birds of prey, and even humans. The detection of plastic particles in biological samples is more complicated than that in environmental samples. Biological samples are mainly composed of various organic substances such as proteins and lipids, which makes the pretreatment process particularly critical. Effective detection and accurate quantification of MPs/NPs are crucial to health risk assessment. In this paper, the exposure levels and composition of MPs/NPs in different tissues and organs of the human body, aquatic organisms, and birds of prey were reviewed. The digestion of biological samples (acids, bases, enzymes, and hydrogen peroxide digestion protocols) and MPs/NPs identification methods (spectroscopy and chromatography) were compared and their advantages and disadvantages were assessed, providing a methodological basis for plastic exposure risk assessment and pollution control.

Objective:To examine the validity and reliability of the Pediatric Symptom Checklist(PSC)in suspended students in China(based on parent reports).Methods:A total of 184 parents were included in this study,PSC was used to assess students aged 10-19 who were suspended from primary and secondary school due to psy-chological problems.Results:After removing the fourth entry of the original scale("too active,non-active"),the confirmatory factor analysis showed that the three-factor model fit well(x2/df=1.57,RMSEA=0.06,CFI=0.93,TLI=0.91,SRMR=0.07).The Cronbach's alpha coefficients of the scale overall and the three dimensions of internalization,externalization and attention problem were 0.85,0.80,0.76 and 0.69,respectively.Conclusion:After removing the fourth entry,PSC has good construct validity and reliability evaluating psychological problems of suspended primary and secondary school students.

Infancy is the most critical period for the formation and development of intestinal flora, which is an important stage for the rapid succession and stable colonization of intestinal flora involved in the health and establishment and improvement of the immune system.Breast milk is rich in human milk oligosaccharides (HMOs), which can effectively promote the growth of beneficial bacteria in the infant intestine.It inhibits the invasion of pathogen, improves the composition of the intestinal flora, increases its diversity, and promotes the growth and development of the infant.This study mainly reviews the research status of HMOs and its influence on the infant intestinal flora.

The management model of chronic noncommunicable diseases(chronic diseases)in the elderly is related to the outcome and outcome of patients.The main advantages of chronic disease management in foreign countries are the burden of medical insurance, the interconnection of medical institutions in a limited scope, the primary health workers leading, and the active participation of patients.Although the form of chronic disease management in the community is also included in China and guidance documents have been issued, there is still a need for improvement in policy implementation, information system, community resources and patient education.

The incidence rate of lung cancer is one of the highest incidence of malignancies in China. The gold standard for diagnosis requires pathological examination or cytological examination of biopsy. The invasive and sensitive nature of the two limits their use. Sputum contains a large number of nucleic acids and proteins, which is a good reflection of lung function. Lung cancer tissue will also affect the biological components in sputum. The detection of bioactive substances in sputum can contribute to the diagnosis of lung cancer. Based on the current research results at home and abroad, this paper reviews the bioactive substances in sputum that can be used for the diagnosis of lung cancer.
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Biopsy ; China ; Humans ; Lung ; Lung Neoplasms/diagnosis* ; Sputum

Objective:To explore the change trend of patients′ recognition of the medical reform effect and medical staff′s occupation and its relationship with medical experience, since the implementation of the China Healthcare Improvement Initiative(CHII), so as to provide reference for exploring the breakthrough point of consolidating the reform effect.Methods:Four indicators of the third-party assessment of patients were selected, which were " I think the medical reform has benefited patients" , " I think the doctor-patient relationship is improving in the past three years" , " I think medical personnel deserve social respect and recognition" , and " I am willing to let my children join the medical profession" . Descriptive and trend analysis were carried out on the survey results, and correlation analysis was carried out between the survey results and patients′ medical experience.Results:Compared with the baseline evaluation results(76.9% and 69.9%for outpatients, 87.3% and 85.6%for inpatients), the patients′ recognition of the sense of medical reform and the improvement of doctor-patient relationship in the fifth evaluation(86.2% and 89.1%for outpatients, 91.4% and 92.6%for inpatients)were significantly improved. The proportion of patients who thought the medical staff was worthy of respect and willing to let their children work in the hospital in the fifth evaluation(97.4%, 79.1%for outpatients, 98.7%, 85.1%for inpatients)were higher than the baseline evaluation results(92.3%, 71.0%for outpatients, 98.1%, 81.6%for inpatients). The above indicators were positively correlated with the patient′s medical experience.Conclusions:Since the implementation of CHII, patients′ recognition of the sense of medical reform and the improvement of doctor-patient relationship has been continuously improved, and patients′ respect and recognition of professional identity of medical personnel is at a high level and continues to improve. Improving medical experience has a positive effect on the improvement of patients′ sense of medical reform.