We studied the patients diagnosed with X-linked hypophosphatemicrickets(XLH) and treated with burosumab in Peking Union Medical College Hospital from January 2021 to December 2022. In addition, we described the clinical characteristics of the patients, the changes of clinical indexes before and after burosumab treatment, and the adverse drug reactions during treatment. We also evaluated the efficacy and safety of burosumab for XLH. The results showed that three children XLH patients and one adult XLH patients received burosumab treatment. After treatment, the serum phosphorus level of all patients increased; the serum phosphorus of 3 children patients increased above the lower limit of the reference value range; the serum alkaline phosphatase(ALP) of all patients was lower than that of before treatment; the serum ALP of one adult patient was close to the normal range after 2.5 years of treatment. One child patient showed small crystals in kidney through ultrasound 48 weeks after treatment; one child and one adult showed increased serum parathyroid hormone(PTH)level before treatment and serum PTH continued increasing after treatment. Finally, it may be concluded that burosumab increased serum phosphorus levels in XLH patients, kept the level relatively stable, and reduced serum ALP levels. No serious adverse reactions occurred during treatment, in order to provide reference for the use of burosumab in patients with XLH.

ObjectiveTo evaluate the clinical efficacy and safety of Tripterygium wilfordii polyglycoside tablets （TWP） in the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis （RA） in the real world. MethodDiagnosis and treatment data of patients with RA in Chinese medicine rheumatology registration research information platform information database （CERTAIN） from January 1，2019 to January， 2024 were collected. According to the inclusion and exclusion criteria， data were screened. The included data were divided into an exposure group and a control group according to the use of TWP or not. Propensity score matching （PSM） was used in both groups to keep the baseline balanced and comparable. The disease activity score （DAS28-ESR） of 28 joints based on the erythrocyte sedimentation rate （ESR）before and after treatment was compared between the two groups， as well as health assessment questionnaire （HAQ），visual analogue scale （VAS），tender joint count （TJC），swollen joint count （SJC）， patient's global assessment （PGA），evaluator's global assessment （EGA），laboratory indexes， clinical curative effect， and adverse reactions. ResultA total of 3 978 patients were included，including 929 in the exposure group and 3 049 in the control group. Before PSM，there were significant differences in demographic information，DAS28-ESR score，PGA，EGA，HAQ，VAS scores，SJC， and TJC between the two groups （P<0.05）. After successful PSM matching，922 patients in the exposure group and 922 patients in the control group were included. There was no significant difference in demographic information and DAS28-ESR between the two groups before treatment，and the differences in other indexes between the two groups decreased to varying degrees. After treatment，the DAS28-ESR，PGA，EGA，HAQ，SJC，TJC，VAS scores， ESR，and IgG immune index of the two groups were significantly lower （P<0.01）. Compared with those in the control group after treatment，the DAS28-ESR，PGA，EGA，HAQ，VAS scores， and ESR in the exposure group after treatment decreased more significantly （P<0.05，P<0.01）. There was no significant difference in TJC in the exposure group after treatment. However， TJC in the exposure group was significantly higher than that in the control group before treatment （P<0.05）. In terms of TJC reduction，the exposure group performed better than the control group. There was no significant difference in SJC and IgG between the exposure group and the control group after treatment. After treatment，the clinical symptoms of poor appetite，insomnia and many dreams，upset，fatigue，and fear of wind and cold in the two groups were improved. Except that the proportion of women in the exposure group was higher than that in the control group （P<0.01），there was no significant difference in the incidence of other adverse reactions between the two groups after treatment. ConclusionTWP to treat RA can effectively reduce DAS28-ESR，PGA，EGA，HAQ，TJC，and VAS scores and improve the general symptoms. Except for the women at childbearing age with fertility requirements that TWP is not applicable，it shows good security.

Objective To identify the biomarkers for early rheumatoid arthritis(RA)diagnosis and explore the possible immune regulatory mechanisms.Methods The differentially expressed genesin RA were screened and functionally annotated using the limma,RRA,batch correction,and clusterProfiler.The protein-protein interaction network was retrieved from the STRING database,and Cytoscape 3.8.0 and GeneMANIA were used to select the key genes and predicting their interaction mechanisms.ROC curves was used to validate the accuracy of diagnostic models based on the key genes.The disease-specific immune cells were selected via machine learning,and their correlation with the key genes were analyzed using Corrplot package.Biological functions of the key genes were explored using GSEA method.The expression of STAT1 was investigated in the synovial tissue of rats with collagen-induced arthritis(CIA).Results We identified 9 core key genes in RA(CD3G,CD8A,SYK,LCK,IL2RG,STAT1,CCR5,ITGB2,and ITGAL),which regulate synovial inflammation primarily through cytokines-related pathways.ROC curve analysis showed a high predictive accuracy of the 9 core genes,among which STAT1 had the highest AUC(0.909).Correlation analysis revealed strong correlations of CD3G,ITGAL,LCK,CD8A,and STAT1 with disease-specific immune cells,and STAT1 showed the strongest correlation with M1-type macrophages(R=0.68,P=2.9e-08).The synovial tissues of the ankle joints of CIA rats showed high expressions of STAT1 and p-STAT1 with significant differential expression of STAT1 between the nucleus and the cytoplasm of the synovial fibroblasts.The protein expressions of p-STAT1 and STAT1 in the cell nuclei were significantly reduced after treatment.Conclusion CD3G,CD8A,SYK,LCK,IL2RG,STAT1,CCR5,ITGB2,and ITGAL may serve as biomarkers for early diagnosis of RA.Gene-immune cell pathways such as CD3G/CD8A/LCK-γδ T cells,ITGAL-Tfh cells,and STAT1-M1-type macrophages may be closely related with the development of RA.

Objective To identify the biomarkers for early rheumatoid arthritis(RA)diagnosis and explore the possible immune regulatory mechanisms.Methods The differentially expressed genesin RA were screened and functionally annotated using the limma,RRA,batch correction,and clusterProfiler.The protein-protein interaction network was retrieved from the STRING database,and Cytoscape 3.8.0 and GeneMANIA were used to select the key genes and predicting their interaction mechanisms.ROC curves was used to validate the accuracy of diagnostic models based on the key genes.The disease-specific immune cells were selected via machine learning,and their correlation with the key genes were analyzed using Corrplot package.Biological functions of the key genes were explored using GSEA method.The expression of STAT1 was investigated in the synovial tissue of rats with collagen-induced arthritis(CIA).Results We identified 9 core key genes in RA(CD3G,CD8A,SYK,LCK,IL2RG,STAT1,CCR5,ITGB2,and ITGAL),which regulate synovial inflammation primarily through cytokines-related pathways.ROC curve analysis showed a high predictive accuracy of the 9 core genes,among which STAT1 had the highest AUC(0.909).Correlation analysis revealed strong correlations of CD3G,ITGAL,LCK,CD8A,and STAT1 with disease-specific immune cells,and STAT1 showed the strongest correlation with M1-type macrophages(R=0.68,P=2.9e-08).The synovial tissues of the ankle joints of CIA rats showed high expressions of STAT1 and p-STAT1 with significant differential expression of STAT1 between the nucleus and the cytoplasm of the synovial fibroblasts.The protein expressions of p-STAT1 and STAT1 in the cell nuclei were significantly reduced after treatment.Conclusion CD3G,CD8A,SYK,LCK,IL2RG,STAT1,CCR5,ITGB2,and ITGAL may serve as biomarkers for early diagnosis of RA.Gene-immune cell pathways such as CD3G/CD8A/LCK-γδ T cells,ITGAL-Tfh cells,and STAT1-M1-type macrophages may be closely related with the development of RA.

Objective:To retrieve and summarize the evidence for postoperative observation time and bed rest time in patients undergoing percutaneous renal biopsy, so as to provide evidence-based basis for postoperative nursing of patients undergoing percutaneous renal biopsy.Methods:Using search terms such as "renal biopsy" and "renal puncture", based on the "6S" evidence resource pyramid model, evidence on postoperative observation time and bed rest time of percutaneous renal biopsy patients, including guidelines, best practice information books, evidence summaries, systematic reviews, expert consensus, and original research, was systematically searched on various guideline websites, evidence-based databases, original research databases, and professional association websites both domestically and internationally. The search period was from database establishment to July 1, 2023. After independent evaluation of the included literature by two researchers, evidence was extracted and summarized from the literature that met the quality standards.Results:A total of nine articles were included, including one guideline, five cohort studies, and three cross-sectional studies. This study summarized six best pieces of evidence from two aspects, namely postoperative observation time and postoperative bed rest time. For patients with low risk of complications after percutaneous renal biopsy, it was recommended to observe for 6 to 8 hours after surgery, but further shortening the observation time to 4 to 5 hours may also be safe and sufficient. For patients with high risk of complications after percutaneous renal biopsy, those living far from the hospital, those living alone, or those who may experience significant psychological stress after biopsy, it was recommended to extend the observation time to up to 24 hours.Conclusions:Based on existing evidence, it seems feasible to shorten the bed rest time after percutaneous renal biopsy. A large amount of high-quality research is still needed to explore the optimal postoperative bed rest time.

Objective To investigate the effects of pretreatment with Xuebijing injection on renal tubular injury in rats with contrast-induced acute kidney injury(CI-AKI).Methods Twenty-four Sprague-Dawley(SD)rats were selected and divided into normal group,model group,control group,and treatment group according to the random number table method,with 6 rats in each group.The animal model of CI-AKI was prepared by adopting iohexol,and the normal group was not subjected to any treatment.The rats in the treatment group were injected with Xuebijing injection via the tail vein 15 hours before modeling until 24 hours after modeling.The injection volume was 10 mL/kg for every 6 hours.The control group was injected with normal saline at the same time point.After 24 hours of modeling,the urine of rats in each group was collected to determine the levels of blood urea nitrogen(BUN)and urine N-acetyl-β-D-gluco-aminidase(uNAG),and the blood was collected to determine the levels of serum creatinine(SCr).Then the rats were killed and the kidney tissues were extracted,and then stained with hematoxylin-eosin(HE),and the pathological changes of the kidney tissues were observed under the light microscope.Results BUN,SCr and uNAG were significantly higher in the model group than those in the normal group[BUN(μmol/L):37.29±6.18 vs.6.37±1.19,SCr(mmol/L):30.43±4.44 vs.14.90±1.61,uNAG(U/L):47.77±4.71 vs.11.32±3.62,all P<0.01];BUN,SCr and uNAG levels were obviously decreased in the treatment group compared to the model group[BUN(μmol/L):9.45±3.04 vs.37.29±6.18,SCr(mmol/L):19.83±2.16 vs.30.43±4.44,uNAG(U/L):21.70±6.21 vs.47.77±4.71,all P<0.05],however,BUN and uNAG in the treatment group were still significantly higher than those in the normal group[BUN(μmol/L):9.45±3.04 vs.6.37±1.19,uNAG(U/L):21.70±6.21 vs.11.32±3.62,P<0.05 or P<0.01];SCr in the treatment group was not statistically significant compared to the normal group(μmol/L:19.83±2.16 vs.14.90±1.61,P>0.05).Under the light microscope,the renal tubular epithelial cells at the junction of cortex and dermatomedulla in the kidneys of the model group were obviously vacuolated,accompanied by cell detachment and necrosis,and the tubules were dilated,with no obvious lesions in the glomeruli.The degree of damage in the control group and the treatment group was reduced compared with that in the model group.The degree of renal tubular damage in the model group was higher than that in the normal group;while the degree of renal tubular damage in the control group was significantly lower than that in the model group;and the degree of renal tubular damage in the treatment group was lower than that in the model group.There was no statistically significant difference in the degree of renal tubular damage between the treatment group and the control group.Conclusion Xuebijing injection may exert a protective effect on renal function in rats with CI-AKI by attenuating renal tubular injury.

The aim of the present study is to explore the association between abdominal obesity and chronic kidney disease (CKD) through a systematic review of published studies. Databases including Wanfang data, CNKI, VIP, CBM, Cochrane Library, PubMed, Web of science and Embase were searched up to July 2021 to collect longitudinal studies published in Chinese and English on the association between abdominal obesity and CKD. In order to avoid omission, reference lists of related articles were also checked manually. After literature selection, data were extracted and study quality was evaluated by the Newcastle-Ottawa scale. Statistical analysis of this study was conducted using Stata 11.0 software. Finally, five studies were included in this study. The results showed that abdominal obesity defined by waist circumference was not associated with CKD (OR=1.17,95% CI:0.93-1.48). According to the results of subgroup analyses, whether adjusted body mass index might be part of the reason of heterogeneity. Based on results of this study, the association between abdominal obesity defined by waist hip ratio and CKD, as well as the association between abdominal obesity and CKD in different genders, remains unknown. In conclusion, abdominal obesity might not be associated with incident CKD. However, more studies are needed in the future to explore this association.

Objective To investigate the detection rate of motoric cognitive risk syndrome (MCR)and explore the possible risk factors.Methods A total of 429 elderly patients from geriatric department of Zhejiang Hospital from October 2014 to September 2018 were recruited in the crosssectional study.General information and functional assessment including fall history,self-reported visual impairment and hearing impairment,depressive symptom,cognitive function and gait speed were collected.Patients with MCR were screened out according to the MCR diagnostic criteria.Multiple logistic regression analysis was used to analyze the associated risk factors.Results Seventeen patients(4.0％)met the MCR diagnostic criteria.The proportions of obesity,polypharmacy,cerebral vascular diseases,self-reported hearing impairment,depressive symptoms and slow gait were higher in MCR patients than in non-MCR patients(P＜0.05).Compared with non-MCR patients,MCR patients had lower mini mental state examination (MMSE) scores (P ＜ 0.01).After adjusting for associated confounding factors,multiple logistic regression analysis showed obesity (OR =3.74,95 ％ CI:1.14-12.23,P ＜ 0.05) and depressive symptoms (OR =5.79,95％ CI:1.76-19.06,P ＜ 0.01) were risk factors for MCR.Conclusions MCR is not uncommon in elderly patients.Obesity and depressive symptoms are closely associated with an increased risk of MCR.

Objective To investigate the core competency of grass-roots nurses in Jiangsu Province,and to provide references for training grass-roots nurses.Methods The Competency Inventory for Registered Nurse(CIRN)was used to investigate 593 grass-roots nurses in Jiangsu Province.Results The overall score of importance judgement for core competency was 4.45±0.73.The overall execution frequency was 4.26±0.69.There were significant differences in the importance judgment of clinical care,interpersonal relationship,leadership,and professional development among nurses with different job titles(P＜0.05).There were significant differences in the execution frequency of clinical care,interpersonal relationship,ethical/legal practice,critical thinking and scientific research among nurses with different job titles (P＜0.05).There were certain differences in the importance judgment and the execution frequency for core competency among nurses with different job titles and nurses from different institutions.Conclusion The score for grass-roots nurses' core competency in Jiangsu Province was not high and unbalanced.There were differences between the importance judgment and the execution frequency.Hospital managers should take appropriate measures to address existing problems and improve the grass-roots nursers' core competency according to different characteristics.

Objective To develop the nursing students' observation ability scale during nursing probation,and to test the reliability and validity of the scale.Methods The scale was established on the basis of literature review and consultation from May to June 2016. A total of 143 nursing students were selected in the investigation using convenience sampling method. The reliability and validity was tested with Cronbach's coefficient,factor analysis and content validity index.Results The final scale contained 25 items. The internal consistency reliabilities of knowledge,beliefs,and behavior quality in the scale were 0.815,0.831 and 0.762, respectively,with the content coefficients of 0.837,0.921 and 0.813. Factor analysis showed that the scale had good construct validity with a common explaining variance more than 0.4.Conclusions The scale has a better reliability and validity,and can be taken as an effective tool for evaluating the nursing students' observation ability during nursing probation.