This article summarized Professor GUAN Guo-Hua's clinical experience in treating central serous chorioretinopathy(CSC)in Lingnan area.Based on the theory of"macula due to the spleen dysfunction",and by taking the geographical and climatic characteristics of Lingnan area as well as the body constitutional features of Lingnan residents into account,Professor GUAN Guo-Hua proposed that spleen deficiency leading to damp encumbrance was the fundamental pathogenesis of CSC in Lingnan area,and liver and kidney were gradually affected in the middle and late stages of CSC,which finally resulted into blood stasis and water retention.For the treatment of initial attack of CSC,the focus was on treating the spleen,and Erchen Decoction was adopted as the basic prescription for modified application to strengthen the spleen and drain dampness;for the treatment of CSC in the middle and late stages,the emphasis was on simultaneous treatment of the liver,spleen and kidney as well as blood and water,and Zhujing Pills and Wuling Powder were adopted as the basic prescriptions for nourishing the liver and kidney and for strengthening the spleen,activating blood and promoting urination.The treatment of the spleen is advocated throughout the whole treatment process,and the medication of drugs should be modified based on syndrome differentiation and according to the specific conditions,thus to achieve significant results.

Objective To study the effect of panatinib on cholangiocarcinoma(CCA)and its molecular mechanism.Methods QBC939 cells were divided into control group(no treatment),low dose group(0.1 μmol·L-1 panatinib treatment),medium dose group(0.5μmol·L-1panatinib treatment),high dose group(1.0 μmol·L-1 panatinib treatment)and high dose+microRNA-92b-3 group(after treatment with 1.0 μmol·L-1 panatinib transfected miR-92b-3p mimic),high-dose+miR-92b-3p mimic+overexpressed homologous domain interacting protein kinase 3 plasmid(oe-HIPK3)group(after treatment with 1.0 μmol·L-1 panatinib,miR-92b-3p mimic and oe-HIPK3),mimic-NC group(transfected miR-92b-3p NC),and miR-92b-3p mimic group(transfected miR-92b-3p mimic)were transfected.Cell proliferation was detected by cell counting kit 8(CCK-8);cell migration was detected by Transwell,the relative expression level of protein was detected by Western blot.Results Cell proliferation rates of control group,high-dose group,high-dose+miR-92b-3p mimic group,and high-dose+miR-92b-3p mimic group mimic+oe-HIPK3 group were(76.58±8.56)％,(61.85±7.77)％,(74.54±7.68)％and(58.63±6.87)％,respectively;the number of cells migrated were 185.32±20.14,132.33±18.99,168.23±19.85 and 138.66±15.95,respectively;phosphorylated phosphatidyl inositide 3-kinase(p-PI3K)/PI3K ratios were 1.00±0.23,0.68±0.09,0.91±0.18 and 0.60±0.08,respectively;phosphorylated protein kinase B(p-AKT)/AKT ratios were 1.00±0.25,0.61±0.08,1.12±0.28 and 0.72±0.14,respectively.The above indexes were compared with those of the control group in the high-dose group,and those of the high-dose+miR-92b-3p mimic group in the high-dose+miR-92b-3p mimic group in the oe-HIPK3 group.There were statistically significant differences(all P＜0.05).Conclusion Panatinib can effectively inhibit the evil biological behavior of cholangiocarcinoma,which may be related to inhibiting the level of miR-92b-3p and promoting HIPK3-mediated PI3K/AKT signaling pathway.

Objective To investigate the prevalence of tension-type headache(TTH)in children and adolescents aged 0-19 years globally in 1990-2021,and to provide a basis for the prevention and treatment of TTH.Methods Based on the Global Burden of Disease Study data,the age-standardized prevalence distribution of TTH and its changing trend were analyzed among the children and adolescents aged 0-19 years,with different sexes,age groups,sociodemographic index(SDI)regions and countries/territories.Results The age-standardized prevalence rate(ASPR)of TTH in children and adolescents aged 0-19 globally in 2021 was 17 339.89/100 000,which was increased by 1.73%since 1990.The ASPR in females was slightly higher than that in males(1990:17 707.65/100 000 vs 16 403.78/100 000;2021:17 946.29/100 000 vs 16 763.09/100 000).The ASPR in adolescence was significantly higher than that in school-aged and preschool periods(1990:27 672.04/100 000 vs 10 134.16/100 000;2021:28 239.04/100 000 vs 10 059.39/100 000).Regions with high SDI exhibited a higher ASPR than the other regions,with significant differences in prevalence rates across different countries.From 1990 to 2021,there was a slight increase in global ASPR,with an average annual percentage change(AAPC)of 0.06%.Females experienced a smaller increase than males based on AAPC(0.04%vs 0.07%).There was reduction in ASPR in preschool and school-aged groups,with an AAPC of-0.02%,while there was a significant increase in ASPR in adolescence,with an AAPC of 0.07%.ASPR decreased in regions with low-middle and low levels of SDI,with an AAPC of-0.02%and-0.04%,respectively,while it increased in regions with middle SDI,with an AAPC of 0.24%.Conclusions There is a consistent increase in the ASPR of TTH in children and adolescents aged 0-19 years globally,with significant differences across sexes,age groups,SDI regions and countries/territories.

Objective: To investigate the clinical and molecular biological characteristics of patients with accelerated chronic lymphocytic leukemia (aCLL) . Methods: From January 2020 to October 2022, the data of 13 patients diagnosed with aCLL at The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University were retrospectively analyzed to explore the clinical and molecular biological characteristics of aCLL. Results: The median age of the patients was 54 (35-72) years. Prior to aCLL, five patients received no treatment for CLL/small lymphocytic lymphoma (SLL), while the other patients received treatment, predominantly with BTK inhibitors. The patients were diagnosed with aCLL through pathological confirmation upon disease progression. Six patients exhibited bulky disease (lesions with a maximum diameter ≥5 cm). Positron emission tomography (PET) -computed tomography (CT) images revealed metabolic heterogeneity, both between and within lesions, and the median maximum standardized uptake value (SUVmax) of the lesion with the most elevated metabolic activity was 6.96 (2.51-11.90). Patients with unmutated IGHV CLL accounted for 76.9% (10/13), and the most frequent genetic and molecular aberrations included +12 [3/7 (42.9% ) ], ATM mutation [6/12 (50% ) ], and NOTCH1 mutation [6/12 (50% ) ]. Twelve patients received subsequent treatment. The overall response rate was 91.7%, and the complete response rate was 58.3%. Five patients experienced disease progression, among which two patients developed Richter transformation. Patients with aCLL with KRAS mutation had worse progression-free survival (7.0 month vs 26.3 months, P=0.015) . Conclusion: Patients with aCLL exhibited a clinically aggressive course, often accompanied by unfavorable prognostic factors, including unmutated IGHV, +12, ATM mutation, and NOTCH1 mutation. Patients with CLL/SLL with clinical suspicion of disease progression, especially those with bulky disease and PET-CT SUVmax ≥5, should undergo biopsy at the site of highest metabolic uptake to establish a definitive pathological diagnosis.
Humans ; Middle Aged ; Aged ; Leukemia, Lymphocytic, Chronic, B-Cell/genetics* ; Positron Emission Tomography Computed Tomography ; Retrospective Studies ; Biopsy ; Disease Progression

Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is considered to be a manifestation of metabolic syndrome and has become one of the chronic diseases that endanger health around the world. There is still a lack of effective therapeutic drugs in clinical practice. Farnesoid X receptor (FXR) has been a popular target for NAFLD research in recent years. Fexaramine (Fex) is a potent and selective agonist of FXR, and its mechanism of action to improve NAFLD is unclear. Therefore, in this study, a mouse model of NAFLD was constructed using a high-fat, high-cholesterol diet and treated with Fex orally for 6 weeks. We evaluated the ameliorative effect of Fex on disorders of glucolipid metabolism in NAFLD mice, and preliminarily explored its potential mechanism of action. The animal experiments were approved by the Animal Ethics Committee of Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine (approval number: PZSHUTCM210913011). In this study, it was found that 100 mg·kg^-1 Fex significantly inhibited body weight gain, alleviated insulin resistance, improved liver injury and lipid accumulation in NAFLD mice. The effect of Fex on the expression of hepatic intestinal FXR and its target genes in NAFLD mice was further examined. Analysis of serum and hepatic bile acid profiles and expression related to hepatic lipid metabolism. It was found that Fex could stimulate intestinal FXR, promote fibroblast growth factor 15 (FGF15) secretion, inhibit the expression of cytochrome P450 family 7 subfamily A member 1 (CYP7A1), the rate-limiting enzyme of bile acid synthesis in liver, regulate bile acid synthesis by negative feedback, and improve the disorder of bile acid metabolism. At the same time, Fex reduces liver lipid synthesis and absorption, increases fatty acid oxidation, thus improving liver lipid metabolism. This study shows that Fex can improve NAFLD by activating intestinal FXR-FGF15 signal pathway and regulating liver lipid metabolism.

Objective: To analyze the migration of the HIV/AIDS cases and related factors in Liangshan Yi autonomous prefecture (Liangshan). Methods: According to HIV/AIDS Comprehensive Response Information Management System of China Information System for Disease Control and Prevention, a total of 28 772 HIV/AIDS cases who had follow-up records in Liangshan in 2020 were included in the survey. The migration of the HIV/AIDS cases was described and the related factors were analyzed using multiple logistic regression models, and the migration destinations of the HIV/AIDS cases were mapped. Results: Among the 28 772 HIV/AIDS cases, 20.89% (6 010/28 772) had migration in 2020. Multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that among the HIV/AIDS cases, the migration related factors included being aged 15-24 years (compared with being aged 0-14 years, OR=2.74, 95%CI:2.04-3.69) and ethnic group (compared with Han ethnic group, OR=2.44, 95%CI:2.19-2.72), having education level of junior high school (compared with having education level of primary school or below, OR=1.25, 95%CI:1.14-1.38), being unmarried (compared with being married, OR=1.29, 95%CI:1.20-1.39), being engaged in business services (compared with being engaged in farming, OR=1.96, 95%CI:1.31-2.92), receiving antiviral treatment <1 year (compared with receiving antiviral treatment >3 years, OR=1.42, 95%CI:1.26-1.61), having recent CD4⁺T lymphocytes (CD4) counts >500 cells/μl (compared with having recent CD4 counts <200 cells/μl, OR=1.15, 95%CI:1.03-1.29). The geographical distribution maps showed that among all cities in Sichuan, Xichang (13.26%, 797/6 010) and Chengdu (10.12%,608/6 010) were the main migration destinations of the HIV/AIDS cases, and the provinces outside Sichuan where the HIV/AIDS cases would like to migrate to were mainly Guangdong (18.19%, 1 093/6 010) and Zhejiang provinces (7.67%, 461/6 010) in 2020. The HIV/AIDS cases who migrated where Liangshan, within Sichuan province, and to other provinces accounted for 27.67% (1 663/6 010), 15.34% (922/6 010) and 56.99% (3 425/6 010), respectively. Conclusions: More attention should be paid to the mobility characteristics and the classification management of HIV/AIDS cases according to their characteristics in Liangshan. Timely access to information on changes in the place of work and residence of HIV/AIDS cases should be warranted when they have migration. Good referrals and management for mobility of HIV/AIDS cases in different places should be made to reduce loss to follow-up and improving interventions.
Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome/epidemiology* ; Adolescent ; Adult ; Child ; Child, Preschool ; China/epidemiology* ; Ethnicity ; HIV Infections/epidemiology* ; Humans ; Infant ; Infant, Newborn ; Logistic Models ; Marriage ; Young Adult

ObjectiveTo analyze the difference in esophageal microbiome between the patients with esophageal squamous cell carcinoma （ESCC group） and the healthy controls （HC group）， and to screen out the characteristic bacteria in tumor tissues of patients with esophageal squamous cell carcinoma. MethodsEsophageal tissues were collected from 105 patients with esophageal squamous cell carcinoma and 54 healthy controls. The total DNA of the samples was extracted， and the 16S rDNA V4 region was amplified by PCR， followed by high-throughput sequencing. The data were subjected to OTU clustering and diversity analysis to screen the characteristic bacteria in the ESCC group. Finally， the screening results were to be verified by Q-PCR amplification. ResultsDiversity analysis showed that there were differences in diversity and composition between the ESCC group and the HC group. Species analysis showed that the main components of microbiome in the ESCC group were Fusobacterium， Gemella， Neisseria， Porphyromonas and Streptococcus. While in the HC group the main components of microbiome were Fusobacterium， Actinobacillus， Streptococcus and Prevotella. The LEfSe analysis showed that the expression of porphyrin and Fusobacteria in the ESCC group increased and the difference is statistically significant （P<0.05）. The results of Q-PCR showed that the presence of Porphyromonas gingivalis and Fusobacterium nucleatum in the ESCC group significantly increased. ConclusionsEsophageal cancer has its characteristic flora composition. Porphyromonas gingivalis and Fusobacterium nucleatum in esophageal squamous cell carcinoma tumor tissue are the characteristic bacteria.

Coronary heart disease (CHI)) is a kind of coronary atheroselerotie cardiovascular disease that seriously endangers human health and needs to he solved urgently in the world.Epidemiological^, abnormal lipid metabolism has been found to he a significant risk factor and preventing it could obviously improve the incidence rate and mortality.A large number of studies suggest that lipid peroxidation exists through the whole proeess of CHI).To deeply understand the mechanism of lipid peroxidation in the pathogenesis of CHI),this review focuses on the angle of AL0X15-mediated phospholipid peroxidation and the effect of AL0X15 inhibitors.expecting to provide new molecular markers and potential therapeutic targets for the precaution and treatment of CHI).

Objective:To construct the knowledge base of Tibetan medicine prescriptions and explore to standardize the names of Tibetan medicine prescriptions. Method:By using the concept of "man-machine combination"，through the construction of Tibetan medicine terminology glossary （data sources： national drug standards，local drug standards，text classics on Tibetan medicines，etc.），the terminology glossary of Tibetan medicine prescriptions was mined. Upon its combination with expert review，the text association between Tibetan medicine prescriptions and various drug standards and dictionaries was constructed，and the standardization methods and techniques of prescription drug names were explored. Result:In this paper，the Tibetan medicine prescriptions approved for marketing in China were taken as the research object，and various inconveniences caused by the inconsistency between the names of prescriptions and the names of medicinal herbs were revealed. This paper also discussed the design ideas on name standardization of Tibetan medicines from three levels： text association，optimization of evaluation methods，and formation of expert decision-making system. We put forward a five-in-one （screening， evaluation， reviewing， fixing， and renewing） research model of Tibetan medicine name standardization. The construction，functions and advantages of the database and thesaurus of Tibetan medicine prescriptions were described in detail， and in combination with the text notes， association between the standard medicinal materials and the prepared prescriptions was then established. Conclusion:The text association method in this paper can accurately reflect the nonstandard names of Tibetan medicine prescriptions. Combined with expert review，it can be， to a certain extent， extended to the standardization of herb names in prescriptions with large scale of or more complex network structures.

Objective: To screen the differentially expressed proteins of saponins in Pulsatillae Radix inhibiting the proliferation and induce apoptosis on NCI-H460 tumor cells based on proteome technology using nano LC-LTQ-Orbitrap-MS/MS, and preliminarily speculate the potential mechanism. Method: NCI-H460, SK-OV-3 and SGC-7901 tumor cells were cultured in vitro. Methylthiazoletetrazolium (MTT) assay was used to detect the inhibitory rate of saponins in Pulsatillae Radix on three tumor cell lines. Effect of saponins in Pulsatillae Radix on apoptosis was analyzed by Annexin V-fluorescein isothiocyanate (FITC)/propidium iodide (PI) staining flow cytometry and 4',6-diamidino-2-phenylindole (DAPI) staining. Apoptosis was analyzed using flow cytometry and DAPI stain. Nano LC-LTQ-Orbitrap-MS/MS was used to investigate the changes in the protein profiles on NCI-H460 cells treated with saponins in Pulsatillae Radix. Proteins exhibiting differential expression were analyzed by DAVID Bioinformatics Resources 6.8 and Kyoto encyclopedia of genes and genomes (KEGG) database. The differentially expressed proteins were verified by Western blot. Result: Saponins in Pulsatillae Radix could inhibit the proliferation of NCI-H460, SK-OV-3 and SGC-7901 tumor cells and induce apoptosis of NCI-H460 tumor cells. Effect of Saponins in Pulsatillae Radix on the proliferation and apoptosis of NCI-H460 tumor cells was mainly related to the regulation of biological function of ribosome, glycolysis/gluconeogenesis and other biological processes. It was possible to induce apoptosis of NCI-H460 tumor cells by interfering mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) signaling pathway and regulating the Caspase pathway. Conclusion: Saponins in Pulsatillae Radix can inhibit the proliferation and induce the apoptosis of NCI-H460 tumor cells, the mechanism may be related to the intervention of MAPK signaling pathway and the regulation of Caspase pathway. These findings are helpful to elucidate the molecular mechanism of the anti-tumor effect of saponins in Pulsatillae Radix.