ObjectiveRepetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS), a non-invasive brain stimulation technique, offers a non-pharmacological therapeutic option for the management of Alzheimer’s disease (AD). Studies have demonstrated that ferroptosis plays a pivotal role in the pathological onset and progression of AD, and the inhibition of neuronal ferroptosis can significantly ameliorate cognitive impairments associated with AD. The imbalance of calcium ion (Ca²⁺) homeostasis is intimately associated with the pathology of AD and serves as a catalyst for the induction of ferroptosis through various pathways. This study is designed to investigate whether rTMS can ameliorate AD by inhibiting neuronal ferroptosis or maintaining calcium homeostasis, ultimately establishing a theoretical and experimental framework for the utilization of rTMS in AD treatment. MethodsAPP/PS1 AD mice were subjected to both 0.5 Hz low-frequency and 20 Hz high-frequency rTMS treatments, and the efficacy of these treatments was evaluated using novel object recognition and Morris water maze tests. ELISA was employed to quantify the levels of glutathione (GSH), malondialdehyde (MDA), superoxide dismutase (SOD), Fe²⁺ within the hippocampi of mice from each group. HT-22 cells were induced to undergo ferroptosis via Erastin treatment, and subsequent to high- and low-frequency magnetic stimulation, cell viability was assessed using CCK-8 assay, while intracellular calcium ion concentration fluctuations were monitored using Fluo-4 AM. ResultsThe findings revealed that, when compared to normal mice, AD mice displayed a notable decline in cognitive function, accompanied by a substantial increase in ferroptosis levels and intracellular calcium ion concentrations. Both high-frequency and low-frequency applications of rTMS were found to significantly ameliorate cognitive impairments in AD mice, while also effectively mitigating the abnormal augmentation of neuronal ferroptosis and intracellular calcium ion levels. ConclusionThe present study underscores that both high-frequency and low-frequency rTMS exhibit efficacy in alleviating cognitive dysfunction in AD mice, potentially through the modulation of ferroptosis and intracellular calcium ion homeostasis.

This study aims to investigate the effect of salvianolic acid B (Sal B), the active ingredient of Salvia miltiorrhiza, on H9C2 cardiomyocytes injured by oxygen and glucose deprivation/reperfusion (OGD/R) through regulating mitochondrial fission and fusion. The process of myocardial ischemia-reperfusion injury was simulated by establishing OGD/R model. The cell proliferation and cytotoxicity detection kit (cell counting kit-8, CCK-8) was used to detect cell viability; the kit method was used to detect intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS), total glutathione (t-GSH), nitric oxide (NO) content, protein expression levels of mitochondrial fission and fusion, apoptosis-related detection by Western blot. Mitochondrial permeability transition pore (MPTP) detection kit and Hoechst 33342 fluorescence was used to observe the opening level of MPTP, and molecular docking technology was used to determine the molecular target of Sal B. The results showed that relative to control group, OGD/R injury reduced cell viability, increased the content of ROS, decreased the content of t-GSH and NO. Furthermore, OGD/R injury increased the protein expression levels of dynamin-related protein 1 (Drp1), mitofusions 2 (Mfn2), Bcl-2 associated X protein (Bax) and cysteinyl aspartate specific proteinase 3 (caspase 3), and decreased the protein expression levels of Mfn1, increased MPTP opening level. Compared with the OGD/R group, it was observed that Sal B had a protective effect at concentrations ranging from 6.25 to 100 μmol·L^-1. Sal B decreased the content of ROS, increased the content of t-GSH and NO, and Western blot showed that Sal B decreased the protein expression levels of Drp1, Mfn2, Bax and caspase 3, increased the protein expression level of Mfn1, and decreased the opening level of MPTP. In summary, Sal B may inhibit the opening of MPTP, reduce cell apoptosis and reduce OGD/R damage in H9C2 cells by regulating the balance of oxidation and anti-oxidation, mitochondrial fission and fusion, thereby providing a scientific basis for the use of Sal B in the treatment of myocardial ischemia reperfusion injury.

The adulteration and counterfeiting of herbal ingredients in medicinal and food homology (MFH) have a serious impact on the quality of herbal materials, thereby endangering human health. Compared to pharmaceutical drugs, health products derived from traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) are more easily accessible and closely integrated into consumers' daily life. However, the authentication of the authenticity of TCM ingredients in MFH has not received sufficient attention. The lack of clear standards emphasizes the necessity of conducting systematic research in this area. This study utilized DNA barcoding technology, combining ITS2, psbA-trnH, matK as universal barcode sequences, and DX, HH, JYH as specific barcode sequences, to identify the authenticity of commercial medicinal and food homology scented herbal teas. The aim was to investigate the authenticity of scented herbal tea products circulating in the market. The research results revealed that among 180 scented herbal tea samples, DNA barcodes were successfully obtained from 164 samples, while the remaining samples either lacked the target components or suffered severe DNA degradation, resulting in failed amplification. Combined with morphological identification studies, it was found that out of the 180 samples, 141 were authentic, accounting for 78.33% of the total samples, while 31 samples showed adulteration and 8 samples lacked the target components, accounting for 21.67% of the total samples. Additionally, water testing revealed that 5 samples of Carthamus tinctorius herbal tea exhibited the phenomenon of weight adulteration. This study exposed the presence of adulteration and weight adulteration in scented herbal tea products, highlighting the need for regulatory authorities to expedite the establishment of quality standards in scented herbal tea industry. These findings provide valuable insights for the rapid development of the scented herbal tea industry.

In this work,a tetrahedral DNA nanostructure(TDN)functionalized rotational paper-based analytical device(RPAD)was constructed for rapid and highly sensitive detection of aflatoxin B1(AFB1)using exonucleaseⅠ(ExoⅠ)and G-quadruplex(G4)dimer.Herein,a single-stranded DNA,containing both of the G4 dimer sequence and AFB1 recognition sequence,was used as the recognition probe(G4 dimer probe).TDN was used to precisely regulate the orientation and distribution density of G4 dimer probe to improve the recognition efficiency of the system.ExoⅠas a single stranded DNA specific nuclease was introduced for effective amplification of the detection signal.G4 dimer was employed to enhance the fluorescence signal of thioflavin T(ThT).In the absence of AFB1,the G4 dimer structure of G4 dimer probe could specifically bind with ThT to generate dramatic fluorescence enhancement.However,in the presence of AFB1,AFB1 could specifically bind with G4 dimer probe,resulting in the dissociation of G4 dimer probe from TDN and further be digested by ExoⅠ.At the same time,the released AFB1 could bind to G4 dimer probe on the TDN again by this way to generate signal amplification.After this cycle,the amount of aptamer on the TDN was decreased,accompanied by the reduction of G4 dimer on TDN.In this case,the fluorescence intensity of the system was reduced.The designed RPAD showed a good linear response in AFB1 concentration range of 0.0001-500 ng/mL and the limit of detection was 0.1 pg/mL.Moreover,the proposed strategy was successfully applied to detection of AFB1 in peanut and wine.The developed TDN/G4 dimer/ExoⅠstrategy improved the specificity and sensitivity of the system significantly.

Perimenopausal insomnia is referred to as"syndromes occured before and after amenorrhea","insomnia"and"visceral irritability"in traditional Chinese medicine.It is believed that yin deficiency of the liver and kidney leads to liver constraint transforming into fire,which harassing the upper body of the heart and spirit,as well as qi and blood insufficiency that leads to the dysfunction of liver,which is the main pathogenesis of perimenopausal insomnia.Therefore,the treatment method of soothing the liver and regulating the mind is proposed,and combined with acupuncture,fine moxibustion,pricking collaterals,auricular acupuncture,back-shu point embedding acupuncture and other treatment methods,which together constitute the"firstly applying needling,secondly using moxibustion,thirdly focusing on consolidation"integrated acupuncture and moxibustion program to provide treatment ideas for perimenopausal insomnia.

Objective To observe the clinical efficacy of Shugan Tiaoshen Acupuncture in the treatment of mild-to-moderate perimenopausal depressive disorder(PDD).Methods A total of 66 patients with mild-to-moderate PDD were randomly divided into the observation group and the control group,with 33 cases in each group.The observation group was treated with Shugan Tiaoshen Acupuncture,and the control group was treated with conventional western medicine for 8 weeks.After 2 months of treatment,the clinical efficacy of the two groups was evaluated,and the changes in Hamilton Depression Scale(HAMD-17)scores before and after treatment,as well as the scores of Menopausal Quality of Life Scale(MENQOL)were observed in the two groups.The changes in serum luteinising hormone(LH),follicle-stimulating hormone(FSH)and oestradiol(E2)levels were compared before and after treatment between the two groups,and the safety and the occurrence of adverse reactions in the two groups were evaluated.Results(1)During the study,3 cases in the observation group and 2 cases in the control group were lost to followup.Finally,30 cases in the observation group and 31 cases in the control group were included in the efficacy statistics.(2)After treatment,the total score of HAMD-17 and the scores of each factor in the two groups were significantly improved(P＜0.05),and the total score of HAMD-17 and the scores of anxiety/somatization factor and sleep factor in the observation group were significantly superior to those in the control group,the differences were statistically significant(P＜0.05).(3)After treatment,the total score of MENQOL and the scores of vascular dimension,physiological dimension and sexual life dimension in the two groups were significantly improved(P＜0.05),and the total score of HAMD-17 and the scores of vascular dimension and physiological dimension in the observation group were significantly superior to those in the control group,the differences were statistically significant(P＜0.05).(4)After treatment,the levels of LH,FSH and E2 in the two groups were significantly improved(P＜0.05),and the improvement of LH,FSH and E2 levels in the observation group was significantly superior to that in the control group(P＜0.05).(5)The total effective rate was 93.33%(28/30)in the observation group and 74.19%(23/31)in the control group.The curative effect of the observation group was superior to that of the control group,and the difference was statistically significant(P＞0.05).Conclusion Shugan Tiaoshen Acupuncture in the treatment of mild-to-moderate PDD can significantly improve the clinical symptoms of patients,improve the quality of life of patients,regulate the level of sex hormones,and have a significant effect.

Objective To investigate the clinical efficacy of therapy of clearing heat,percolating dampness and lowering turbidity combined with Silibin Meglumine Tablets in the treatment of non-alcoholic steatohepatitis(NASH)patients with abnormal alanine aminotransferase(ALT)level of damp-heat accumulation type.Methods A retrospective study was conducted.According to the medication,80 patients with NASH with abnormal ALT level of damp-heat accumulation type were divided into control group and observation group,with 40 cases in each group.The control group was treated with Silibin Meglumine Tablets,and the observation group was treated with therapy of clearing heat,percolating dampness and lowering turbidity on the basis of treatment for the control group.The course of treatment covered 12 weeks.The changes of liver function indicators of ALT,aspartate aminotransferase(AST),and gamma glutamyl transpeptidase(GGT),blood lipid indicators of total cholesterol(CHOL)and triglyceride(TRIG),and the degree of hepatic steatosis in the two groups were observed before and after treatment.After treatment,the clinical efficacy and safety of the two groups were evaluated.Results(1)After 12 weeks of treatment,the total effective rate of the observation group was 95.00%(38/40),and that of the control group was 77.50%(31/40).The curative effect of the observation group was significantly superior to that of the control group,and the difference was statistically significant(P＜0.05).(2)After treatment,the levels of ALT,AST and GGT in the two groups were significantly lower than those before treatment(P＜0.05),and the decrease of ALT,AST and GGT in the observation group was significantly superior to that in the control group(P＜0.05).(3)After treatment,the levels of CHOL and TRIG in the two groups were significantly lower than those before treatment(P＜0.05),and the decrease of CHOL and TRIG in the observation group was significantly superior to that in the control group(P＜0.05).(4)After treatment,the degree of hepatic steatosis in the two groups was significantly lower than that before treatment(P＜0.05),and the decrease of the degree of hepatic steatosis in the observation group was significantly superior to that in the control group(P＜0.05).(5)During the treatment,no obvious adverse reactions occurred in the two groups,indicating high safety.Conclusion The therapy of clearing heat,percolating dampness and lowering turbidity combined with Silibin Meglumine Tablets exerts certain effect in the treatment of NASH patients with abnormal ALT level of damp-heat accumulation type,and the therapy can significantly enhance the clinical efficacy of Silibin Meglumine Tablets alone for NASH.

Purpose::This study evaluated the methods and clinical effects of multidisciplinary collaborative treatment for occlusal reconstruction in patients with old jaw fractures and dentition defects.Methods::Patients with old jaw fractures and dentition defects who underwent occlusal reconstruction at the Third Affiliated Hospital of Air Force Military Medical University from January 2018 to December 2022 were enrolled. Clinical treatment was classified into 3 phases. In phase I, techniques such as orthognathic surgery, microsurgery, and distraction osteogenesis were employed to reconstruct the correct 3-dimensional (3D) jaw position relationship. In phase II, bone augmentation and soft tissue management techniques were utilized to address insufficient alveolar bone mass and poor gingival soft tissue conditions. In phase III, implant-supported overdentures or fixed dentures were used for occlusal reconstruction. A summary of treatment methods, clinical efficacy evaluation, comparative analysis of imageological examinations, and satisfaction questionnaire survey were utilized to evaluate the therapeutic efficacy in patients with traumatic old jaw fractures and dentition defects. All data are summarized using the arithmetic mean ± standard deviation and compared using independent sample t-tests. Results::In 15 patients with old jaw fractures and dentition defects (an average age of 32 years, ranging from 18 to 53 years), there were 7 cases of malocclusion of single maxillary fracture, 6 of malocclusion of single mandible fracture, and 2 of malocclusion of both maxillary and mandible fractures. There were 5 patients with single maxillary dentition defects, 2 with single mandibular dentition defects, and 8 with both maxillary and mandibular dentition defects. To reconstruct the correct 3D jaw positional relationship, 5 patients underwent Le Fort I osteotomy of the maxilla, 3 underwent bilateral sagittal split ramus osteotomy of the mandible, 4 underwent open reduction and internal fixation for old jaw fractures, 3 underwent temporomandibular joint surgery, and 4 underwent distraction osteogenesis. All patients underwent jawbone augmentation, of whom 4 patients underwent a free composite vascularized bone flap (26.66%) and the remaining patients underwent local alveolar bone augmentation. Free gingival graft and connective tissue graft were the main methods for soft tissue augmentation (73.33%). The 15 patients received 81 implants, of whom 11 patients received implant-supported fixed dentures and 4 received implant-supported removable dentures. The survival rate of all implants was 93.82%. The final imageological examination of 15 patients confirmed that the malocclusion was corrected, and the clinical treatment ultimately achieved occlusal function reconstruction. The patient satisfaction questionnaire survey showed that they were satisfied with the efficacy, phonetics, aesthetics, and comfort after treatment.Conclusion::Occlusal reconstruction of old jaw fractures and dentition defects requires a phased sequential comprehensive treatment, consisting of 3D spatial jaw correction, alveolar bone augmentation and soft tissue augmentation, and implant-supported occlusal reconstruction, achieving satisfactory clinical therapeutic efficacy.

Objective To investigate the performance of brands and types of high-flow nasal cnnula oxygen therapy(HFNC)devices at different altitudes.Methods Four different models of HFNC devices,including R-80S bi-level non-invasive ventilator integrated with HFNC device,HF-60A HFNC device,HFT-300 HFNC device and H-80A HFNC device,were connected with the gas flow meter,simularted head and QuickLung and then put into a low-pressure chamber.The flow rates of the HFNC devices were set to 10,15,20,25,30,35,40,45,50,55 and 60 L/min,and the simulated altitudes of the low-pressure chamber were set to 6 000,5 000,4 000,3 000,2 000,1 000 and 0 m.The actual output airway flow rates,airway pressure changes and trends of the four HFNC devices were recorded at different setting altitudes and flow rates.SPSS 25.0 software was used for statistical analysis.Results The actual output airway flow rates of the four HFNC devices showed an increasing trend as the altitude rose with the simulated altitude of 6 000 m and the setting flow rate kept constant,which increased slowly and even went to decrease when the altitude and flow rate exceeded some limits.The degree of changes in the flow rate with the increasing altitude varied,and there was no uniform pattern.With the rising of altitude,the actual output airway pressure of the four HFNC devices with the flow rate raning from 10 to 35 L/min also increased gradually,which showed a decreasing trend(turning point)after going up to some certain value when the flow rate exceeded 35 L/min,and the altitude where the turning point appeared was lowered as the flow rate increased.Conclusion The actual output airway flow rates and airway pressure during HFNC rise at a high-altitude environment,and generally considerations have to be taken on required airway pressure,patient comfort and the altitude of the patient's usual place of residence when setting the flow rates of the HFNC device.[Chinese Medical Equipment Journal,2024,45(6):49-58]

The current situation of machine learning was reviewed when applied in cervical spine image recognition and processing,cervical spine disease diagnosis and prognosis prediction.The problems and challenges encountered by machine learning were analyzed during its application in cervical spine disease imaging diagnosis and prognosis prediction.It's pointed out the machine learning for cervical spine disease imaging diagnosis and prognosis prediction involved in multicenter large-scale research,standardized data acquisition,enhanced model explaination and improved algorithm explaination and trans-parency.[Chinese Medical Equipment Journal,2024,45(10):98-106]