Objective: To explore sex differences in 3D T1texture features in the progression of Alzheimer's disease (AD) and to predict the diagnosis of AD patients of different sex． Methods: Seventy-seven AD patients (34 males and 42 females) ，74 amnestic mild cognitive impairment ( aMCI) patients ( 35 males and 39 females) and 75 healthy controls (HC) (35 males and 40 females) were recruited and high-resolution 3-dimensional T1 structural images were collected． Brain regions closely related to AD brain damage were selected as regions of interest ( ROIs) ，texture feature extraction and feature screening were performed．Analyses were performed by sex，and the support vector machine (SVM) was used for classification and prediction. Results : In the AD vs HC，AD vs aMCI and aMCI VS HC groups by different sex，we obtained some brain regions with relatively high recognition index in different subgroups，and found that there were significant differences between female patients and male patients with high recognition index，and the recognition index of female patients ( area under the curve，accuracy，sensitivity and specificity were generally higher than that of male． Conclusion There are significant sex differences in texture features in AD process，and the classification and prediction ability of texture features in female patients is better， suggesting the importance of sex differences in AD research．This study provides some reliable biomarkers for early sex-specific identification of AD，which may be helpful for the early diagnosis and treatment of AD in the future.

AIM: To study the clinical effects and safety of iontophoresis of xueshuantong injection combined with anti-vascular endothelial growth factor(VEGF)in the treatment of retinal vein occlusion(RVO)with macular edema(ME).

METHODS: Totally 106 patients(106 eyes)with RVO and ME in the hospital between June 2017 and June 2019 were divided into observation group and control group according to the random number table method with 53 cases(53 eyes)in each group, and they were all given intravitreal injection of conbercept, and observation group was additionally given iontophoresis of Xueshuantong injection for intervention, and they were treated for 3mo. Both groups were followed up for 1a and given supplementary therapy according to the condition of the disease. The best corrected visual acuity(BCVA), central retinal thickness(CRT)in macular area, supplementary therapy status, VEGF level in aqueous humor and adverse drug reactions were observed and compared between the two groups before and after treatment.

RESULTS: After treatment, the BCVA of the two groups was significantly improved(P<0.05)while the CRT in macular area was significantly thinned(P<0.05), and the BCVA on the 3, 6 and 12mo of treatment in observation group was better than that in control group while the CRT was thinner than that in control group(P<0.05). The macular volume and VEGF level in aqueous humor were significantly reduced in the two groups after treatment(P<0.05), and the macular volume and VEGF level on the 1, 3, 6 and 12mo of treatment in observation group were lower than those in control group(P<0.05). The injection frequencies of conbercept and triamcinolone acetonide and the proportion of patients with laser photocoagulation in observation group were lower than those in control group(P<0.05). During treatment, there was 1 eye of intraocular pressure increase and 3 eyes of subconjunctival hemorrhage in observation group, and there were 2 eyes of subconjunctival hemorrhage and 1 eye of endophthalmitis in control group(P>0.05).

CONCLUSION: Xueshuantong iontophoresis combined with intravitreal injection of conbercept for RVO with ME can effectively inhibit the expression of VEGF, reduce the ME and improve the visual acuity of the affected eyes. The efficacy and safety are worthy of recognition.

Aged-related macular degeneration(ARMD)is prone to occur in the people who aged 50a or older. The disease can lead to partial or even complete loss of sight in single or both eyes progressively. The pathogenesis of ARMD is still unclear, but the previous studies have shown that oxidative stress plays an important role. The mechanism of antioxidants on ARMD has gradually become a hotspot in recent years. In this paper, we briefly reviewed the mechanism of ARMD caused by oxidative stress and the application of antioxidants on ARMD.

AIM: To compare the changes of dry eye symptoms and signs after femtosecond-assisted laser in situ keratomileusis(LASIK)and conventional LASIK by Keratograph 5M.

METHODS: Sixty patients(120 eyes)who underwent corneal refractive surgery from June 2017 to November 2017 were enrolled. Thirty patients(60 eyes)underwent femtosecond-assisted laser LASIK and 30 patients(60 eyes)underwent conventional LASIK. All patients took examinations of Keratograph 5M dry eye related examinations,routine ophthalmological examinations and ocular surface disease index(OSDI)questionnaire before and 1wk, 1mo, 3mo and 6mo after surgery.

RESULTS: One week after operation, the OSDI scores of two groups were significantly higher than pre-operation(P<0.01), but 1mo after operation, the two groups recovered to the preoperative level(P>0.05). Noninvasive tear film break-up time(NI-BUT)in the conventional group was shorter 1wk, 1mo and 3mo after operation(P<0.01), while it was shorter in 1wk and 1mo after operation in femtosecond laser group(P<0.01). There was significant difference between conventional group and femtosecond laser group at 3mo after operation in NI-BUT(P<0.01). Tear meniscus hight(TMH)and the thickness of lipid layers of the two groups all decreased in 1wk and 1mo after operation(P<0.05).

CONCLUSION: Whether femtosecond-assisted or conventional LASIK will affect tear film stability and cause dry eye symptoms. The degree of influence decreases gradually with the time after operation, but femtosecond laser group can recover more quickly.

Idiopathic macular hole(IMH)refers to the defect of retinal nerve epidermis in macular area with unknown pathogenesis. As present, pars plana vitrectomy combined with internal limiting membrane peeling has become a normal operation for the treatment of IMH, which enables most IMH patients to achieve anatomic healing, however, it is still unclear about the healing mechanism. The role of the glial cell activation in the pathological process of nervous system injury and disease has paid more and more attention. Nearly all the injuries and diseases of nervous system(including retina)are accompanied by the activation of glial cells; and Müller cells are the main type of glial cells in the human retina. In terms of anatomy and function, they are widely related to the cell bodies and processes of neurons in all layers of the retina, and play a supporting, nutritional and information transmission role in neurons. Numerous studies have shown that the activation and proliferation of Müller cells play a leading role in closed MH. It is reviewed in this paper that the role and its related mechanisms of Müller cells in the formation and healing of IMH.