Objective To observe the effects of electroacupuncture at"Ciliao","Zhongji","Sanyinjiao"and"Dazhui"on urodynamics and expression of ERK/CREB/Bcl-2 pathway in spinal cord tissue of neurogenic bladder rats after suprasacral spinal cord injury.Methods Sixty female SD rats randomly selected 24 and divided into blank group and sham-operation group(12 rats in each group),the remaining 36 rats were subjected to surgical modeling.After modeling,rats were randomly divided into the model group and the electroacupuncture group,with 12 rats in each group.The electroacupuncture group received unilateral electroacupuncture stimulation at acupoints"Ciliao","Zhongji","Sanyinjiao",and"Dazhui"for 30 minutes each time,once a day,for 7 consecutive days.After administration,urodynamic testing was performed,HE staining was used to observe the morphology of bladder detrusor tissue,TUNEL method was used to detected apoptosis in spinal cord tissue,Western blot was used to detected expressions of p-ERK1/2,p-CREB,p-p90Rsk,CRE,Bcl-2,and Bax proteins in spinal cord tissue.Results Compared with the sham-operation group,the basal pressure,maximum pressure,and leakage point pressure of the bladder in the model group increased significantly(P<0.01),while the maximum capacity and compliance of the bladder decreased significantly(P<0.01);the structure of bladder smooth muscle cells was severely damaged and disorderly arranged,accompanied by a large amount of inflammatory cell infiltration;the apoptosis rate of spinal cord tissue cells significantly increased(P<0.01),and the expressions of p-ERK1/2,p-p90Rsk,p-CREB,CRE,and Bcl-2 proteins in spinal cord tissue were significantly decreased,while the expression of Bax protein significantly increased(P<0.01).Compared with the model group,the basal pressure,maximum pressure,and leakage point pressure of the bladder in the electroacupuncture group decreased significantly(P<0.05),while the maximum capacity and compliance of the bladder increased significantly(P<0.05,P<0.01);the integrity of bladder smooth muscle cells was enhanced,the degree of cell edema was reduced,and inflammatory cell infiltration was reduced;the apoptosis rate of spinal cord tissue cells was significantly reduced(P<0.05),and the expressions of p-ERK1/2,p-p90Rsk,p-CREB,CRE,and Bcl-2 proteins in spinal cord tissue significantly increased,while the expression of Bax protein was significantly decreased(P<0.05,P<0.01).Conclusion Electroacupuncture can promote the repair of bladder detrusor tissue in rats with neurogenic bladder model after suprasacral spinal cord injury,increase the maximum capacity and compliance of the bladder,alleviate the high pressure state in the bladder,and its mechanism is related to activating the ERK/CREB/Bcl-2 pathway,reducing secondary apoptosis of damaged neurons,effectively improving bladder innervation,and protecting bladder function.

To investigate the existence of tick-borne pathogens infection of rodents at the border of China and the Demo-cratic People's Republic of Korea(DPRK).PCR was used to detect the spotted fever group rickettsiae(SFGR)ompA gene,Ehrlichia chaffeensis(Ec)and Anaplasma phagocytophilum(Ap)16S rRNA,Candidatus Neoehrlichia mikurensis(CNm)groEL gene,Bartonella(Ba)rpoB gene,and Francisella tularensis(Ft)fopA gene in rodents samples collected from Ji'an of Jilin province and Kuandian of Liaoning Province.The positivity rates of 132 wild rats spleen samples,SFGR,Ec,Ap,CNm,Ba,and Ft were 9.85％,12.88％,5.30％,3.79％,51.52％,and 6.06％,respectively,with statistical differences in in-fection rates(x2=149.236,P=0.000).The infection rate of Ba was the highest in wild rats in this area.There was no signifi-cant difference in the infection rate of SFGR,Ec,Ap,CNm,and Ft among different rats species,but there were significant differences in the infection rate of Ba(x2=13.36,P=0.010).The infection rate of Apodemus agrarius was the highest.A-mong 132 wild rats specimens,the coinfection rate of the two pathogens was 15.9％(21/132),with Ba as the main species(15/132),and two cases of coinfection with three pathogens were detected.The infection of six tick-borne pathogens is common in wild rats at the China/DPRK border.Co-infection of two or three pathogens indicates a risk of multiple tick-borne pathogens and mixed natural foci of multiple tick-borne infec-tious diseases.

Objective To investigate the gray matter volume(GMV)changes and molecular basis underlying antipsychotic-induced weight gain(AIWG).Methods One hundred twenty-nine first-episode schizophrenia patients from October 2019 to December 2021 were enrolled in this study.Patients with≥7%weight gain(weight gain,WG)and patients with<3%weight changes(weight stable,WS)were studied.All patients underwent T1-weighted MRI scanning at baseline and after 8 week treatment.Transcriptome-neuroimaging correlations were used to investigate brain gene profiles from the Allen Human Brain Atlas and GMV changes induced by AIWG.Results Thirty-three patients with WG and 27 with WS completed the GMV measures.Compared with baseline,the WG group showed reduced GMV in right hippocampus,left basal ganglia,and right inferior parietal lobule,etc.and increased GMV in bilateral thalamus(P<0.05).The WS group showed reduced GMV in bilateral orbital gyrus,bilateral inferior frontal gyrus and bilateral hippocampus(P<0.05).These GMV changes in WG group were spatially correlated with expression levels of 354 genes,which were exclusively enriched in Cushing syndrome,neuroinflammation and glutamatergic signaling,and Pnoc+.Conclusion The study has demonstrated increased GMV in thalamus in schizophrenia patients with AIWG which may be associated with Cushing syndrome and Pnoc+.These findings may provide important insights into the molecular mechanisms of AIWG.

In 2006, 2014 and 2020, the positive rates of HBsAg in 560, 384 and 402 children aged 1 to 14 years were 4.5%, 2.6% and 2.5%, respectively, with no statistically significant differences (P>0.05). The positive rate of anti-HBs was highest in 2014 (57.8%) and lowest in 2006 (34.1%) (P<0.05). The positive rate of anti-HBc was highest in 2006 (15.7%), and decreased in 2014 (7.8%) and 2020 (5.7%) (P<0.001). The timely rate of the first dose of hepatitis B vaccine for children in Lhasa in 2006, 2014 and 2020 was 7.7% (43/560), 50.3% (193/384) and 94.8% (381/402), respectively. The overall vaccination rates were 15.4% (86/560), 35.2% (135/384) and 96.0% (386/402), respectively, showing a trend of gradual increases (χtrend values were 718.63 and 589.59, both P values<0.001).
Child ; Humans ; Hepatitis B Vaccines ; Hepatitis B/prevention & control* ; Hepatitis B Surface Antigens ; Hepatitis B virus ; Hepatitis B Antibodies ; Vaccination

Abstract: Objective To explore the prevalence and bacterial strains of Francisella tularensis (F. tularensis) in wild rodents in Changbai Mountain area of China, and to further understand the epidemiological characteristics of F. tularensis infections in this area. Methods Wild rodents were captured from forest and forest-edge farmland from Kuandian County and Jianshi Forest District in the Changbai Mountain area, 2012-2014. DNA was extracted from the spleen tissues of the rodents, and the fopA gene of F. tularensis in wild rodents was detected using nested PCR. The infection rates were calculated for different areas and rat species. The bacterial subspecies of positive samples were identified using type-specific primers (C1/C4), and sequencing and comparative analysis were performed. Results A total of 133 wild rodents belonging to 6 rat species were captured. Among them, eight samples from three rat species (Apodemus agrarius, Apodemus peninsulae, Tscherskia triton ) were detected positive, with the overall positive rate of 6.01%. The positive rates of F. tularensis of Ji'an and Kuandian were 7.46% and 4.54%, respectively, and there was no difference in positive rates for different regions (χ2=0.117, P=0.732) and different rat species (χ2=0.641, P=0.986). The subspecies analysis showed that the detected 8 trains of F.tularensisall belonged to F.tularensis type B (F.subspecies subsp. holarctica). Genetic evolution analysis was performed on the fopA gene sequences of three positive samples (JA56, JA33, and JA38), which clustered together with Russia strains(CP009694.1, CP044004.1) and China strains (HM371344.1, HM371343.1) F.tularensis type B, with sequence similarities ranging from 99.21% to 99.47%. Conclusions Infection of F.tularensis subsp. holarctica existed in wild rodents in Changbai Mountain area of China, which suggests the existence of F.tularensis infection risks in this area.

OBJECTIVETo evaluate the efficacy and safety of Tongxinluo Capsule (, TXL) for patients with cardiac syndrome X (CSX).

METHODSRandomized controlled trials (RCTs) regarding TXL in the treatment of CSX were searched in Chinese Biomedicine Literature Database, China National Knowledge Infrastructure, Chinese Scientific Journal Database, Wanfang Database, PubMed, EMBASE, Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trial, websites of the Chinese and International Clinical Trial Registry platform up to June 30, 2015. The intervention was either TXL alone or TXL combined with conventional treatment, while the control intervention was conventional treatment with or without placebo. Data extraction, methodological quality assessment and data analyses were performed according to the Cochrane criteria. The primary outcome was a composite event of death, acute myocardial infarction (AMI), angina requiring hospitalization, revascularization, and heart failure. The secondary outcome measures were angina symptom improvement, electrocardiograph (ECG) improvement, and serum endothelin-1 (ET-1) level. The adverse events were also recorded. RevMan 5.3 software was applied for data analyses.

RESULTSTwelve RCTs (696 patients) were included. Compared with conventional treatment, the addition of TXL to conventional treatment showed some benefits on relieving angina symptoms [risk ratio (RR): 1.46, 95% confidence interval (CI) (1.25, 1.71), P<0.01], and improving ECG [RR: 1.45, 95% CI (1.21, 1.74), P<0.01]. The pooled result did not support a benefit of TXL on reducing the incidence of primary outcome [RR: 0.20, 95% CI (0.02, 1.61), P=0.13]. In addition, TXL decreased serum ET-1 concentration of CSX patients [standardized mean number:-1.63, 95% CI (-2.29,-0.96), P<0.01]. No serious adverse events were reported.

CONCLUSIONSTXL documents potential benefits on attenuating angina symptoms, improving ECG and decreasing serum ET-1 level for CSX patients. However, more rigorous RCTs with high quality are needed to confirm its efficacy and safety.

Capsules ; Cardiovascular Diseases ; diagnostic imaging ; drug therapy ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; adverse effects ; therapeutic use ; Electrocardiography ; Endothelin-1 ; blood ; Humans ; Middle Aged ; Outcome Assessment (Health Care) ; Publication Bias ; Syndrome

Adult ; Antitubercular Agents ; therapeutic use ; Female ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Pneumonia ; drug therapy ; etiology ; Retrospective Studies ; Treatment Outcome ; Tuberculosis, Multidrug-Resistant ; complications ; drug therapy

The left middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO) model was made by inserting the nylon thread plug into the internal carotid artery. The behavioral score, cerebral infarction area, brain water content, ethidium bromide (EB) spillover, coagulation four indices, occludin and MMP-9 expression in brain tissues were detected after 14 days of administration, to investigate whether the protective effect of ginkgo diterpene lactone meglumine injection (GDLMI) which had obvious protective effect on cerebral ischemic injury in the previous experiment was related to reducing the permeability of the blood-brain barrier (BBB) and reducing the risk of bleeding, and to explore its possible mechanism of action. The results showed that GDLMI could effectively alleviate the behavioral changes caused by MCAO at 24 h, reduce the behavioral score, improve the edema of brain tissue, reduce the EB overflow rate, reduce the bleeding tendency caused by long-term administration, significantly reduce the occlusion deficiency in ischemic brain tissue of model rats, and down-regulate MMP-9 expression. The above results indicate that GDLMI has obvious effect on cerebral ischemia, and the therapeutic effect of GDLMI may mainly depend on lowering the permeability of blood-brain barrier to improve brain edema.

To investigate the effects of ginkgolide A (GA), ginkgolide B (GB) and ginkgolide K (GK) on platelet aggregation in rabbits, and compare the similarities and differences among these three components. The effects of different doses of ginkgolide A, B and K on platelet aggregation induced by platelet activating factor (PAF) were observed by using in vitro experiment. The results showed that three compounds could inhibit platelet aggregation induced by PAF in vitro, and the intensity was GK> GB> GA. It was further found that all of them can mobilize [Ca2+]i and enhance intracellular c-AMP level in a dose-dependent manner, which was consistent to the ability to antagonize PAF receptor. These findings indicated that GK was highly selective for PAF receptor, and may inhibit platelet aggregation by activating cAMP signaling pathway and inhibiting intracellular [Ca2+]i mobilization; GB and GA also had strong antagonism to PAF receptor, but the effect was weaker than that of GK.

OBJECTIVE: To study the effect and action mechanism of the large plant Rhodiola Tablet on myocardial ischemia of rats. METHODS: Rat myocardial ischemia models were induced by coronary artery ligation. The levels of AST, ALT, CK and CK-MB in serum were observed, at the same time the expressions of B-raf, Ras and p-ERK1/2 in myocardial tissue were determined. RESULTS: The levels of AST, ALT, CK and CK-MB in rat serum, as well as the B-raf, Ras and p-ERK1/2 expression in rats myocardium in the large plant Rhodiola group were significantly lower than that in the model group. CONCLUSION: Large plant Rhodiola has a certain antagonism on myocardial ischemia injury in rats caused by coronary artery ligation. The mechanism of action may be related to the decreases in serum AST, ALT, CK and CK-MB, as well as myocardial high expression of the B-raf, Ras and p-ERK1/2.