Objective: To investigate the expression of syndecan-1 and syndecan-2 and their clinicopathological significance in patients with gallbladder squamous cell (SC)/adenosquamous carcinoma (ASC) and adenocarcinoma (AC). Methods: A total of 126 patients with SC/ASC (n=46) and AC (n=80) were included in this study. The expression levels of syndecan-1 and syndecan-2 were detected by Envison™ immunohistochemistry assay. The clinical and prognostic significance of syndecan-1 and syndecan-2 were analyzed. Results: In the 46 SC/ASC samples, syndecan-1 and syndecan-2 were positively expressed in 29 (63.0%) and 28 (60.9%) tumor tissues, respectively. (Positive expression was defined based on the staining in the component of squamous cell carcinoma. That is to say, the tissue which adenocarcinoma part was positively stained, but squamous cell carcinoma part was negatively stained is also regarded as negative.) In the 80 AC samples, 47 (58.8%) cases showed syndecan-1 positive expression, and 51 (63.8%) showed syndecan-2 positive expression. There was no significant difference in the positive rates of syndecan-1 and syndecan-2 between SC/ASC and AC groups (P>0.05 for all). The levels of syndecan-1 and syndecan-2 were associated with tumor size, TNM staging, lymph node metastasis, invasion of adjacent tissue, and surgical procedures in SC/ASC patients (P<0.05 for all). However, their expression was associated with tumor differentiation, tumor size, TNM staging, lymph node metastasis, invasion of adjacent tissue, and surgical procedures in AC patients (P<0.05 for all). The Kaplan-Meier survival analysis of SC/ASC and AC patients revealed that the average survival time for patients with positive syndecan-1 and syndecan-2 expression was significantly shorter than that of those with negative expression (P<0.01 for all). Cox multivariate analysis indicated that syndecan-1 and syndecan-2 expression were independent unfavorable prognostic factors for SC/ASC and AC patients (P<0.05 for all). Conclusion The syndecan-1 and syndecan-2 expression are associated with the tumor progression and poor prognosis in patients with gallbladder SC/ASC and AC.

Objective To set up a living mice colonoscopy platform to establish an orthotopic model of colorectal cancer in mice under direct vision,and to observe its biological behavior such as metastasis.Methods Eighteen-week-old male C57/BL mice were anesthetized,and the intestinal lumen of the mice was examined by a self-developed living mice colonoscopy and Olympus URF-P5 ureteroscopy,respectively.The imaging effects of the two methods were compared.Human colon cancer HT-29 cells were injected into the colonic mucosa of BALB/c-nu mice under direct vision.The colonoscopy was performed on the 3rd,7th and 15th day after the injection to observe the tumor formation in the intestinal lumen.The mice were sacrificed when the body weight decreased significantly or cachexia appeared,and then the abdominal cavity was examined including the tumor formation and metastasis.Results The self-developed living mice colonoscopy platform can provide clear vision of enteric cavity,and no mice died in the colonoscopy examination.In vivo subcutaneous injection of HT-29 cells in mice was performed with a perforation rate of 15％,a mortality rate of 33.3％,a tumor formation rate of 62.5％,an abdominal metastasis rate of 60％,a liver metastasis rate of 25％,and an abdominal wall transfer rate of 25％.Conclusion The self-developed mice colonoscopy platform can be used for the study of colorectum in living mice.The imaging effect is no less than that of Olympus URF-P5 ureteroscopy.In addition,an orthotopic colorectal cancer model can be established by this platform combing with submucosal injection technology.

Objective To investigate the expression of syndecan?1 and syndecan?2 and their clinicopathological significance in patients with gallbladder squamous cell ( SC)/adenosquamous carcinoma ( ASC) and adenocarcinoma ( AC) . Methods A total of 126 patients with SC/ASC ( n=46) and AC ( n=80) were included in this study. The expression levels of syndecan?1 and syndecan?2 were detected by EnvisonTM immunohistochemistry assay. The clinical and prognostic significance of syndecan?1 and syndecan?2 were analyzed. Results In the 46 SC/ASC samples, syndecan?1 and syndecan?2 were positively expressed in 29 (63.0％) and 28 (60.9％) tumor tissues, respectively. (Positive expression was defined based on the staining in the component of squamous cell carcinoma. That is to say, the tissue which adenocarcinoma part was positively stained, but squamous cell carcinoma part was negatively stained is also regarded as negative.) In the 80 AC samples, 47 (58.8％) cases showed syndecan?1 positive expression, and 51 (63.8％) showed syndecan?2 positive expression. There was no significant difference in the positive rates of syndecan?1 and syndecan?2 between SC/ASC and AC groups ( P>0. 05 for all ) . The levels of syndecan?1 and syndecan?2 were associated with tumor size, TNM staging, lymph node metastasis, invasion of adjacent tissue, and surgical procedures in SC/ASC patients ( P<0. 05 for all ) . However, their expression was associated with tumor differentiation, tumor size, TNM staging, lymph node metastasis, invasion of adjacent tissue, and surgical procedures in AC patients ( P<0.05 for all) . The Kaplan?Meier survival analysis of SC/ASC and AC patients revealed that the average survival time for patients with positive syndecan?1 and syndecan?2 expression was significantly shorter than that of those with negative expression ( P<0.01 for all) . Cox multivariate analysis indicated that syndecan?1 and syndecan?2 expression were independent unfavorable prognostic factors for SC/ASC and AC patients ( P<0. 05 for all ) . Conclusion The syndecan?1 and syndecan?2 expression are associated with the tumor progression and poor prognosis in patients with gallbladder SC/ASC and AC.

Objective To investigate the expression of syndecan?1 and syndecan?2 and their clinicopathological significance in patients with gallbladder squamous cell ( SC)/adenosquamous carcinoma ( ASC) and adenocarcinoma ( AC) . Methods A total of 126 patients with SC/ASC ( n=46) and AC ( n=80) were included in this study. The expression levels of syndecan?1 and syndecan?2 were detected by EnvisonTM immunohistochemistry assay. The clinical and prognostic significance of syndecan?1 and syndecan?2 were analyzed. Results In the 46 SC/ASC samples, syndecan?1 and syndecan?2 were positively expressed in 29 (63.0％) and 28 (60.9％) tumor tissues, respectively. (Positive expression was defined based on the staining in the component of squamous cell carcinoma. That is to say, the tissue which adenocarcinoma part was positively stained, but squamous cell carcinoma part was negatively stained is also regarded as negative.) In the 80 AC samples, 47 (58.8％) cases showed syndecan?1 positive expression, and 51 (63.8％) showed syndecan?2 positive expression. There was no significant difference in the positive rates of syndecan?1 and syndecan?2 between SC/ASC and AC groups ( P>0. 05 for all ) . The levels of syndecan?1 and syndecan?2 were associated with tumor size, TNM staging, lymph node metastasis, invasion of adjacent tissue, and surgical procedures in SC/ASC patients ( P<0. 05 for all ) . However, their expression was associated with tumor differentiation, tumor size, TNM staging, lymph node metastasis, invasion of adjacent tissue, and surgical procedures in AC patients ( P<0.05 for all) . The Kaplan?Meier survival analysis of SC/ASC and AC patients revealed that the average survival time for patients with positive syndecan?1 and syndecan?2 expression was significantly shorter than that of those with negative expression ( P<0.01 for all) . Cox multivariate analysis indicated that syndecan?1 and syndecan?2 expression were independent unfavorable prognostic factors for SC/ASC and AC patients ( P<0. 05 for all ) . Conclusion The syndecan?1 and syndecan?2 expression are associated with the tumor progression and poor prognosis in patients with gallbladder SC/ASC and AC.

Objective To study the expressive levels of galectin-3 (gal-3) and sambucus nigra agglutinin(SNA) and to detect their clinicopathological significances in benign and malignant lesions of the gallbladder. Methods EnVisonTM Immunohistochemistry for assaying gal-3 expressive levels and ABC cytochemistry for determining SNA expressive levels were used in conventional paraffin-embedded sections from the specimens of adenocarcinoma (n = 108) , peritumoral tissues (n=46) . Adenomatous polyp (n=15), and chronic cholecystitis (n = 35). Results The positive rates of gal-3 and SNA were significantly higher in adenocarcinoma (62. 0%, 66. 7%) than in peritumoral tissues (39. 1%,45.6%), adenomatous polyp (26.7%, 33.3%) and chronic cholecystitis (11.4%, 11.4%)(P<0. 05 or P<0. 01). The positive gal-3 and SNA in benign cases showed atypical hyperplasia of the epthelium. The positive rates of gal-3 and SNA expression were significantly lower in well-differentiated adenocarcioma, mass with a maximal diameter of <2 cm, absence of lymph node metastasis,and absence of invasion to adjacent tissues than in poor-differentiated adenocarcinoma, mass with a maximal diameter of ≥2 cm, lymph node metastasis and invasion to adjacent tissues. (P<0. 05 or P<0. 01). There was a significant correlation between the expressive levels of gal-3 and SNA in gallbladder adenocarcinoma (x2=9. 51, P<0. 01). Conclusions The expressive levels of gal-3 and SNA lectins had important effects on carcinogenesis, progression and biologic behaviors of gallbladder cancer. Patients with positive gal-3 and /or SNA expressions had poor prognosis.

ObjectiveTo study the expression of ABCG2, SFRP2, BRMS1 and HPA and detect their clinicopathologicalsignificancesinthebenignandmalignatntlesionsofthegallbladder.MethodsEnVisiom immunohistochemical method for determining the expressions of ABCG2, SFRP2,BRMS1 and HPA was used in paraffin-embedded sections of surgical resected specimens from gallbladder adenocarcinoma (n =108), peritumoral tissues (n =46 ), adenomatous polyp (n =15 ), and chronic cholecystitis ( n =35 ).ResultsThe positive rates of ABCG2 and HPA expression were significantly higher in gallbladder adenocarcinoma than that in peritumoral tissues, adenomatous polyp and chronic cholecystitis (P ＜ 0. 05 or P ＜ 0. 01 ) ; The positive rates of SFRP2 and BRMS1 expression were significantly lower in gallbladder adenocarcinoma than that in peritumoral tissues, adenomatous polyp and chronic cholecystitis(P ＜0. 05 or P ＜0. 01 ). The positive cases of ABCG2 and/or HPA as well as negative ones of SFRP2 and/or BRMS1in the benign lesions showed moderately-or severely-atypical hyperplasia of gallbladder epithelium. The frequency of samples with positive staining for ABCG2 and/or HPA in cases with small tumor volume (diameter ＜ 2 cm), no lymph node metastasis, and no invasion into surrounding tissues was significantly lower than that in cases with larger tumor volume (diameter＞ 2 cm ), lymph node metastasis, and invasion into surrounding tissues ( P ＜ 0.05 or P ＜ 0. 01 ). However, compared with ABCG2 and/or HPA, the expression of SFRP2 and/or BRMS1 showed an opposite correlation in these cases ( P ＜ 0. 05 or P ＜0. 01 ). Unitivariate Kaplan-Meier analysis showed that increased expressions of ABCG2 (P =0. 019) and HPA ( P =0. 016) or decreased expression of SFRP2 ( P =0. 019) and BRMS1 ( P =0. 008 )were associated with poorer overall survival, respectively. Multivariate Cox regression analysis showed that increased expression of ABCG2 (P =0. 018 ) and HPA ( P =0. 019) and/or decreased expression of SFRP2 (P =0. 015 ) and BRMS1 ( P =0. 011 ) were independently poor-prognostic predictors in gallbladder adenocarcinoma.ConclusionsThe expression of ABCG2, SFRP2, BRMS1 or HPA might be closely related to the carcinogenesis, clinical biological behaviors, and prognosis of gallbladder adenocarcinoma.

Objective:To investigate the effect of CpG ODN on the immune responses and immune-contraception induced by ZP~(121-140) synthetic peptide.Methods: BALB/e mice were given an injection into the left tibialis anterior muscle of ZP~(121-140) synthetic peptide with 20 μg CpG ODN or CFA,then the mice were given other injections at 2,4,6 weeks using the same formulation.The mice' s blood was collected before each vaccination and after the last vaccination every 2 weeks.The specific IgG and IgA in sere and non-specific cytokines IFN-γ,TNF-α,IL-10 in vaginal mucosa were measured by ELISA.The ovarial pathological changes were undertaken using hemattxylin and eosin-stained paraffin sections.Results:The specific IgG in sera and IgA in vaginal mucosa induced by ZP~(121-140) synthetic peptide combined with CpG ODN were no more than those of ZP~(121-140) synthetic peptide combined with CFA.There were significant increases in IFN-γ,and TNF-α when CpG ODN was mixed with ZP121-140 synthetic peptide and the increase of CpG ODN was more significant than that of CFA.Otherwise there was a significant decrease in IL-10 when CpG ODN was mixed with ZP~(121-140) synthetic peptide and the decrease of CpG ODN was more significant than thai of CFA.There was no significant difference in the rate of pregnancy between CpG ODN group and CFA group,but the average number of birth mice in CpG ODN group was less than that in CFA group.No pathological changes were found in the ovaries of experimental mice.Conclusion: The adjuvant effect of CpG ODN is more advantageous than that of CFA in contraception vaccine research.

Objective To establish a model of pancreatic cancer induced by 7,12-dimethylbenzathracene (DMBA) in SD rats, and to detect the expression levels of RAD51 and Myc-associated factor X (MAX) and their effect on carcinogenesis of rat pancreas. Methods Ninety SD rats were randomly divided into 3 groups: a model group, an intervention group, and a control group. DMBA was directly implanted into the parenchyma of rat pancreas (the model group and the intervention group). Rats in the intervention group were treated with 1 mL trichostatin A (TSA) saline solution (1 μg/mL) via ip weekly. Rats within 3～5 months in the model group and the intervention group were executed and observed by macrograph and under microscope. Meanwhile, the rats in the control group were executed at 5th month. The EnVision~(TM) immunohistochemistry to assay the expression levels of RAD51 and MAX was used in conventional paraffin-embedded sections from the above pancreatic specimens.Results The incidence of pancreatic cancer in the model group within 3-5 months was 48.7% (18/37), including 17 ductal adenocarcinomas and 1 fibrosarcoma. The incidence of pancreatic cancer in the intervention group within 3-5 months was 33.3%(12/36), including 11 ductal adenocarcinomas and 1 fibrosarcoma. The maximal diameter of mass in the model group was significantly higher than that in the intervention group (P＜0.05). No pathological changes were found in pancreas of the control group and other extra-pancreatic main organs of the model group and the intervention group (such as the liver, biliary tract, gastrointestine tract, kidney, and lung). The positive rate of RAD51 was significantly higher in ductal adenocarcinoma in the model group, the intervention group, and the model group +the intervention group than those in corresponding groups of non-cancerous pancreatic tissues (P＜0.01), but the positive rate of MAX expression was opposite to RAD51 expression(P＜0.01). The positive tissues of RAD51 expression and/or negative tissues of MAX expression in non-cancerous tissues showed atypical-hyperplasia of ductal epitheli. Pacncreas of the control group showed the negative expression of RAD51 and positive expression of MAX. Two cases of fibrosarcoma showed the negative expression of RAD51 and MAX.Conclusion DMBA directly implanted into the parenchyma of pancreas can obtain an ideal pancreatic cancer model with high incidence in a short time. The TSA might have an inhibitive effect on carcinogenesis and growth of rat pancreas. The over-expression of RAD51 and/or lose-expression might have important effect on carcinogenesis induced DMBA in rat pancreas.

A novel Cu-IUDs material, PU/PEG/Cu nanocomposite, was prepared by melt blending method with thermoplastic polyurethane (PU) as the matrix, with polyethylene glycol (PEG) as a hydrophilic modifier, and with nanometer particles of copper as active matter instead of copper wire or copper tube. The structure, morphology, mechanical properties, thermal stability and water absorption were investigated by using FT-IR, XRD, SEM and so on. The results indicated that the nanometer particles of copper were uniformly dispersed in the matrix in PU/PEG/ Cu nanocomposites. It can be seen that the water absorption ability of this nanocomposite was obviously improved while mechanical properties and thermal stability were at high levels. These results provided a good basis for the studies on the cupric ions release of the nanocomposites in future.
Biocompatible Materials ; chemistry ; Intrauterine Devices, Copper ; Nanocomposites ; chemistry ; Polyethylene Glycols ; chemistry ; Polyurethanes ; chemistry

Objective To observe the effect of soy isoflavones on incretion of female rats. Methods 42 fe-male rots of 12 weeks old were divided into 3 groups at random. Low dose group were perfused with 40mg · kg-1·d-1 into stomach per day;high dose group were perfused with 80mg·kg-1·d-1 into stomach per day;control group were perfused with physiological saline into stomach. After 14 days,collected blood via jugular vein and tested 4 inde-xes-FSH, LH,E2 and P with chemoluminescence method. Results In 3 groups of soy isoflavones low doee group,soy isoflavones high dose group and control group,FSH were (0.13±0.021) mIu/ml, (0.12±0.018) mIu/ml, (0.15 ±0.024) mIu/ml respectively; LH were (0.17±0.032) mIu/ml, (0.15±0.043) mIu/ml, (0.18±0.047) mIu/ml respectively, which has no obvious differences (P > 0.05) ; E2 were (0.09±0.03) nmol/L, (0.03±0.03) nmol/L, (0.12±0.04) nmol/L respectively; P were (1.43±0.27) ng/ml, (2.82±0.37) ng/ml, (0.67±0.56) ng/ml re-spectivdy. Compare those 3 groups, E2 activeness of soy isoflavones group decreased obviously; but P activeness of soy isoflavones group increased obviously. Conclusion Soy isoflavones has no obvious effect on hypophysis hormone of rat, but the soy isoflavones of different dosages may measure the secretion of female rat ovary hormones by estrogen ac-tivity and antiestrogen activity.