Objective:To compare the feasibility and safety of a new portable endoscopic system and the conventional endoscopic system for the detection and emergency treatment of abdominal trauma in animal models.Methods:Three healthy Bama pigs, which were fasted and water deprivation for 8 h before surgery and then underwent induction anesthesia. A layer-by-layer incision was made into the abdominal cavity of Bama pigs. An artificial pneumoperitoneum was established using a laparoscopic pneumoperitoneum machine. A bullet model was inserted into the abdominal cavity to build the bullet wound model. After the bullet model was removed, a shrapnel model was inserted into the mid-abdomen to build the shrapnel wound model. The two types of endoscopic system were used to detect, remove bullet model or shrapnel model of the three Bama pigs respectively. The procedure order of the two systems was assigned according to the random number table method. The surgical success, operation time, endoscopy pipeline patency, endoscopic operation satisfaction, adverse events and equipment defects were recorded.Results:Three surgeries were performed using the new portable endoscopic system and three other surgeries using the conventional endoscopic system, all of which were successful. The time of the new portable endoscopic system to find and remove the bullet model, and the shrapnel model were 232.33±11.68 s, 300.33±57.70 s, 170.00±44.44 s and 52.67±2.52 s, respectively. The corresponding time of the conventional endoscopic system were 232.67±21.20 s ( t=-0.054, P=0.962), 256.67±67.00 s ( t=0.880, P=0.472), 176.00±52.42 s ( t=-0.111, P=0.922), 58.67±14.84 s ( t=-0.832, P=0.493), respectively. There was no significant difference between the two systems ( P>0.05). The endoscopy tubes of the two endoscopic systems were both smooth. The operator was satisfied with the endoscopic procedures of both endoscopic systems, and no adverse event or device defect occurred. Conclusion:The portable endoscopic system proves to be safe and feasible for the diagnosis and treatment of abdominal trauma in animal models.

To understand the current quality status and rearing situation of Bombyx Batryticatus, the authors collected 102 batches of Bombyx Batryticatus from different main producing areas and five major Chinese medicine markets from 2016 to 2018, and measured the properties and quality of the silk gland, to clarify the quality status of Bombyx Batryticatus from different producing areas and markets. In addition, 35 batches of Bombyx Batryticatus from 2019 to 2022 were used to verify the silk gland after revision. Moreover, Beauveria Bassiana was inoculated in the silkworm of 4-5 instars, and standardized rearing was carried out until they die. The death rate and the quality of Bombyx Batryticatus were measured to determine the differences in Bombyx Batryticatus of different instars, and explore the rationality of the infection age of Bombyx Batryticatus in Chinese Pharmacopoeia(2020). The results revealed that in the 102 batches of Bombyx Batryticatus, the qualification rate of silk gland was low; the content of total ash far exceeded the standard; the content of beauvericin varied greatly. The qualification rate of the silk gland of the 35 batches of Bombyx Batryticatus was only 47.49%, which could be increased to 73.00% if the number of silk gland was 2 to 4. The death rate of Bombyx Batryticatus at different infection ages was quite different, with uneven quality. Generally, the yield of Bombyx Batryticatus inoculated on the first day of the fifth instar was high with good quality. Therefore, in combination with the quality and actual production of Bombyx Batryticatus, the following suggestions were proposed for revision of Bombyx Batryticatus in Chinese Pharmacopoeia(2025): The number of silk gland should be revised as 2-4 bright brown or bright black silk glands, after which, the quality of Bombyx Batryticatus could be guaranteed, and the "quality identification based on character" could also be reflected scientifically; the content determination index that the content of beauvericin shall not be less than 0.017% should be added to better control the quality of Bombyx Batryticatus; the infection age should be revised as the first day of the fifth instar to narrow the age span, which could better fit the actual production and ensure the quality of Bombyx Batryticatus.
Animals ; Bombyx ; Medicine, East Asian Traditional ; Silk ; Larva

Polysaccharide from Ganoderma applanatum has the activities of anti-tumor and enhancing immune function. There were no reports on antitumor effect of its intratumoral injection. In this study, the polysaccharide was extracted from G. applanatum by water extraction and alcohol precipitation, and purified by ceramic membrane after removing protein by Sevage method. The total polysaccharide content from G. applanatum(PGA)was about 63%. The combination of PGA and paclitaxel showed synergistic effect on cytotoxicity of 4 T1 cells at lower concentrations in vitro. In addition, the growth curve of 4 T1 cells showed that PGA could retard the growth of 4 T1 cells gradually. The PGA thermosensitive gel(PGA-TG)was prepared by using poloxamer 188 and 407. The gel temperature was 36 ℃, and the PGA-TG could effectively slow down the release rate of PGA in vitro. 4 T1 breast cancer-bearing mice were used as a model to evaluate the therapeutic effect of intratumoral injection of PGA combined with tail vein injection of nanoparticle albumin-bound paclitaxel(nab-PTX). In high and low dose PGA groups, each mice was given with 2.25, 1.125 mg PGA respectively, twice in total, and the dosage of paclitaxel was 15 mg·kg~(-1), once every 3 days, for a total of five times. The tumor inhibition rate was 29.65% in the high dose PGA-TG group, 58.58% in the nab-PTX group, 63.37% in low dose PGA-TG combined with nab-PTX group, and 68.10% in high dose PGA-TG combined with nab-PTX group respectively. The inhibitory effect in high dose PGA-TG group combined with nab-PTX on tumors was significantly higher than that in nab-PTX group(P<0.05). The results showed that paclitaxel therapy combined with intratumoral injection of PGA-TG could improve the therapeutic effect for 4 T1 mice and reduce the side effects of chemotherapy.
Animals ; Breast Neoplasms ; Cell Line, Tumor ; Ganoderma ; Mice ; Neoplasms ; Paclitaxel ; Poloxamer ; Polysaccharides

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the serum calcium level in 86 patients with newly diagnosed multiple myeloma (MM) and its correlation with clinical features. METHODS: The clinical data of 86 patients with newly diagnosed multiple myeloma in our hospital from 2009 to 2016 were retrospectively analyed. Clinical data of sex, age, hemoglobin, albumin, globulin, creatinine, uric acid, serum phosphorus, β2-microglobulin, immunophenotyping and disease staging were collected. After the serum calcium level was corrected, the patients were grouped into low serum calcium (<2.20 mmol/L), normal serum calcium (2.20-2.60 mmol/L) and high serum calcium (>2.60 mmol/L). The correlation between the clinical characteristics and the serum calcium level was analysed, the clinical characteristics between the low and non-low calcium group were compared. RESULTS: The number of cases in low, normal and high serum cnlcium groups before correction was 58 (67.4%), 18 (20.9%) and 10 (11.6%) respactively, while the number of cases in 3 group after correction was 34 (39.5%), 36 (41.9%) and 16 (18.6%) respectively. The age, globulin, creatinine, uric acid and serum phosphorus levels were positively correlated with serum calcium level in patients with multiple myeloma, while the sex, hemoglobin,albumin and β2-microglobulin levels did not correlated with serum calcium level. There was significant difference in the age, globulin, creatinine and serum phosphorus between low calcium and non-low calcium group (P<0.05). However the differences of sex, hemoglobin, albumin, uric acid, β2-microglobulin, immunophenotyping and clinical stage were not statistically significant (P>0.05). CONCLUSION Multiple myeloma patients suffered from both hypercalcemia and hypocalcemia, and the incidence of hypocalcemia is not low. The levels of serum calcium in patients with multiple myeloma correlate with age, globulin, creatinine, uric acid, serum phosphorus level and other factors, thus it is necessary to correct the level of ionized calcium with physiological activity.
Calcium ; Creatinine ; Humans ; Incidence ; Multiple Myeloma ; diagnosis ; Retrospective Studies

BACKGROUND: This study aimed to investigate whether fatty infiltration (FI) measured on a single sagittal magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) slice can represent FI of the whole supraspinatus muscle. METHODS: This study retrospectively reviewed the MRIs of 106 patients (age 50–79 years) divided into three rotator cuff tear-size groups: medium, large, and massive. Fat mass and muscle mass on all T1-weighted sagittal MRI scans (FA and MA) were measured. Of the total MRI scans, the Y-view was defined as the most lateral image of the junction of the scapular spine with the scapular body on the oblique sagittal T1-weighted image. Fat mass and muscle mass seen on this Y-view single slice were recorded as F1 and M1, respectively. Fat mass and muscle mass were also assessed on MRI scans lateral and medial to the Y-view. The means of fat mass and muscle mass on these three slices were recorded as F3 and M3, respectively. Average FI ratios (fat mass/muscle mass) of the three assessment methods (F1/M1, FA/MA, and F3/M3) were compared. Intraclass correlation coefficients (ICCs) were calculated for inter- and intraobserver reliability. RESULTS: ICCs showed higher reliability (> 0.8) for all measurements. F1/M1 values were not statistically different from FA/MA and F3/M3 values (p > 0.05), except in males with medium and large tears. F3/M3 and FA/MA were not statistically different. The difference between F1/M1 and FA/MA did not exceed 2%. CONCLUSIONS: A single sagittal MRI slice can represent the whole FI in chronic rotator cuff tears, except in some patient groups. We recommend measurement of FI using a single sagittal MRI slice, given the effort required for repeated measurements.
Humans ; Magnetic Resonance Imaging* ; Male ; Retrospective Studies ; Rotator Cuff* ; Spine ; Tears*

Objective To investigate the effect of total laparoscopic hysterectomy (LTH) and laparoscopic assisted vaginal hysterectomy (LAVH) for hysterectomy. Methods From February 2015 to February 2017, 182 patients with total hysterectomy were enrolled, among them, LTH was performed in 97 patients, and LAVH was performed in 85 patients, the operation time, intraoperative blood loss, the length of scar, postoperative anal exhaust time and so on were observed in the two groups, C reactive protein (CRP), interleukin -2 (IL-2) and IL-6 were detected before and after operation in two groups. Results In group LTH, the amount of bleeding and the length of scar were (104.33 ± 40.20) ml and (2.03 ± 0.84) cm respectively, which were significantly lower than those in group LAVH (P < 0.05); There was no significant difference between LTH group and LAVH group in postoperative anal exhaust time, hospital stay, postoperative analgesia and hospitalization costs (P > 0.05); The CRP and IL-6 in the LTH group postoperative were (26.43 ± 6.11) mg/L and (40.04 ± 11.03) ng/ml, significantly lower than those in LAVH group (P < 0.05), while IL-2 was (44.20 ± 12.29) ng/ml, was significantly higher than that of the control group (P < 0.05); The incidence of postoperative complications in LTH group was 6.19%, which was significantly lower than that of LAVH group (P < 0.05). Conclusion LTH is a safe and reliable method for hysterectomy, has the advantages of less complications, less influence on immune function and so on, is worthy of clinical application.

Analgesics, Opioid ; chemistry ; pharmacology ; Animals ; Cattle ; Diazepam ; chemistry ; pharmacology ; Diazepam Binding Inhibitor ; chemical synthesis ; chemistry ; pharmacology ; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug ; Mice ; Morphine ; chemistry ; pharmacology ; Receptors, GABA-A ; metabolism ; Swine

Objective To investigate the effects of docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) on large-conductance Ca2 + -activated K+ ( BKCa ) channels and voltage-dependent K+ ( Kv ) channels in rat coronary artery smooth muscle cells ( CASMCs ),and evaluate the vasorelaxation mechanisms of DHA.Methods BKCa and Kv currents in individual CASMC were recorded by patch-clamp technique in whole-cell configuration.Effects of DHA at various concentrations (0,10,20,40,60 and 80 μ mol/L) on BKCa and Kv channels were observed.Results ( 1 ) DHA enhanced IBKCa and BKCa tail currents in a concentration-dependent manner while did not affect the stably activated curves of IBKCa+ IBKCa current densities were (68.2±22.8),(72.4 ±24.5),(120.4 ±37.9),(237.5 ±53.2),(323.6 ±74.8) and (370.6 ±88.2 )pA/pF respectively (P ＜ 0.05,n =30) with the addition of 0,10,20,40,60 and 80 μmol/L DHA concentration,and half-effect concentration ( EC50 ) of DHA was (36.22 ± 2.17 ) μmol/L.(2) IKv and Kv tail currents were gradually reduced,stably activated curves of IKv were shift to the right,and stably inactivated curves were shifted to the left in the presence of DHA.IKv current densities were (43.9 ±2.3),(43.8±2.3),(42.9±2.0),(32.3±1.9),(11.7±1.5) and (9.6 ±1.2)pA/pF respectively(P＜0.05,n =30) post treatment with 0,10,20,40,60 and 80 μmol/L DHA under manding potential equal to +50 mV,and EC50 of DHA was (44.19 ±0.63) μmol/L.Conclusion DHA can activate BKCa channels and block Kv channels in rat CASMCs,the combined effects on BKCa and Kv channels lead to the vasodilation effects of DHA on vascular smooth muscle cells.

Objective To investigate the effects of docosahexaenoic acid(DHA)on sodium channel current(INa)and transient outward potassium channel current(Ito)in rat ventricular myocytes and to evaluate potential anti-arrhythmic mechanisms of DHA.Methods INa and Ito of individual ventricular myocytes were recorded by patch-clamp technique in whole-cell configuration at room temperature.Effects of DHA at various concentrations(0,20,40,60,80,100 and 120 μmol/L)on INa and Ito were observed.Results (1) INa was blocked in a concentration-dependent manner by DHA,stably inactivated curves were shifted to the left,and recover time from inactivation was prolonged while stably activated curves were not affected by DHA.At-30 mV,INa was blocked to(1.51 ±1.32)%,(21.13±4.62)%,(51.61 ±5.73)%,(67.62 ±6.52)%,(73.49±7.59)%and(79.95±7.62)%in the presence of above DHA concentrations(all P<0.05,n=20),and half-effect concentration(EC50)of DHA on INa was(47.91±1.57)μmol/L(2) Ito were also blocked in a concentration-dependent manner by DHA,stably inactivated curves were shifted to the left,and recover time from inactivation was prolonged with increasing concentrations of DHA,and stably activated curves were not affected by DHA.At+70 mV,Ito was blocked to(2.61 ±0.26)%,(21.79±4.85)%,(63.11 ±6.57)%,(75.52 ±7.26)%,(81.82 ±7.63)%and(84.33±8.25)%,respectively,in the presence of above DHA concentrations(all P<0.05,n=20),and the EC50 of DHA on Ito was(49.11±2.68)μmol/1.Conclusion The blocking effects of DHA on APD and Ito may serve as one of the anti-arrhythmia mechanisms of DHA.

Objective to explore the current situation and related influencing factors on the retention time of patients receiving methadone maintenance treatment (MMT). Methods Information on basic situation and daily treatment of the patients were collected from the 7 MMT clinics opened in the pro-two batch in Hunan province. Retention rate and influencing factors were analyzed. Results (1) The retention rates after 6 and 12 months of MMT became 72.06% and 49.65% respectively. (2) The retention rates of high-dosage group and low-dosage group were 85.03% and 68.03% after 6 months on MMT program while became 60.48% and 46.28% after 12 months of MMT respectively. (3) The mean retention time of HIV+ patients and HIV- patients were 9.46 months and 8.62 months respectively during the 12 months follow-up observation, showing a significant difference. (4) Patients who took large dose methadone, did not share needles, at older age or HIV+ , were prone to keep MMT at a long period. Conclusion The retention rates for 6 months and 12 months in the MMT program in Hunan province were similar to the national data. Dose, type of drug abuse, age and HIV status were related to the period of retention.