Objective:To analyze the causes of skin necrosis after penis lengthening surgery and corresponding treatment meas-ures,and observe the clinical effect of free skin graft repair in the treatment of penile skin defects.Methods:We retrospectively an-alyzed the clinical data on 12 cases of extensive penile skin necrosis and defect after penis lengthening surgery performed in our depart-ment from January 2017 to January 2022.The patients underwent free skin graft repair with medium-or full-thickness skin grafts from the thigh after wound preparation.Results:The skin grafts survived well in all the 12 patients and the incisions healed in the first stage without any complications.At 6 months after surgery,skin sensation was mostly recovered in the area of penis skin grafting,no obvious skin ulceration or edema was observed,and the appearance of the penis was satisfactory.The IIEF-5 scores,Erectile Hardness Scale(EHS)scores,and the results of penile hardness tests of the patients all indicated normal erectile function.Conclusion:Free skin graft repair with autologous medium-or full-thickness skin grafts is a safe and effective surgical option for extensive penile skin necrosis after penis lengthening surgery.

Aged ; Antiviral Agents/therapeutic use* ; COVID-19/drug therapy* ; China/epidemiology* ; Cohort Studies ; Female ; Hospital Mortality ; Hospitalization ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Patient Acuity ; SARS-CoV-2 ; Treatment Outcome

Bawei Chenxiang Powder is a traditional Tibetan folk medicine formula, consisting of resinous wood of Aquilaria sinensis, kernel of Myristica fragrans, fruit of Choerospondias axillaris, travertine, resin of Boswellia carterii or B. bhaw-dajiana, stem of Aucklandia lappa, fruit of Terminalia chebula(roasted), and flower of Gossampinus malabarica. It has the function of clearing heart heat, nourishing heart, tranquilizing mind, and inducing resuscitation, which has been used for the treatment of coronary heart disease and angina pectoris. Modern research shows that the medicine materials of this formula mainly contain terpenoids like sesquiterpenes and triterpenes and polyphenols like flavonoids, lignans, and tannins, displaying some pharmacological activities such as anti-myocardial ischemia, anti-cerebral ischemia, and spatial learning and memory promotion. This review summaries the traditional uses, chemical constituents, and pharmacological activities research progress, hopefully to provide a reference for clarification of its pharmacological active ingredients.
Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; Flavonoids ; Medicine, Tibetan Traditional ; Terminalia ; Tibet

The reproductive system and gonad development and germ cell occurrence of Whitmania pigra have been studied by using tissue section electron microscope techniques. W. pigra has completely independent male and female reproduction system, which lasts 11 months. The development of spermary started before the development of ovary. When egg cell is only a primordial germ cell, sperm has an initially complete form. Meanwhile, sperm cells and egg cells orderly development and synchronously mature. According to the development of sperm cells and egg cells, the development of cycle of the spermary could be divided into 6 stages: proliferating stage (1-3 months of age), growing stage (4-5 months of age), resting stage (6-8 months of age), maturing stage (9 months of age), spawning stage (10 months of age) and degradation stage (11 months of age). The development of cycle of the ovary could be divided into 6 stages: forming stage (1-2 months of age), proliferating stage (3-4 months of age), growing stage (5-8 months of age), maturing stage (9 months of age), spawning stage (10 months of age) and resting stage (11 months of age). W. pigra is a synchronous hermaphrodite animal, the development of cycle of the spermary and ovary each has six stages, sperm cells and egg cells orderly development and synchronously mature.
Animals ; Female ; Gonads ; cytology ; Leeches ; growth & development ; Male ; Ovary ; cytology ; Ovum ; cytology ; Reproduction ; Spermatocytes ; cytology

In this paper, on the contrast of healthy leech, the bacterial diversities were analyzed by 16S rDNA sequence analysis of the bacteria of muscle and intestinal tract of Whitmania pigra, the environment water and sediment of cultivating the diseased Wh. pigra in high temperature by high-throughput sequencing to determine the possible pathogenic bacteria of bacterial diseases of Leech in high temperature. The results showed that the original sequence reached over 83 000, and the effective sequences accounted for more than 87%. The GC contents ranged from 52% to 54% and the bacterial diversities were abundant. Bacterial relative abundance analysis showed that the bacterial content of Proteobacteria, Bacteroidetes, and Firmicutes was the most abundant in all treatments. Compared with healthy leech muscles and intestines, the muscle and intestinal tract of pathogenic leech relative abundance of Bacteroides, Pseudomonas, and Desulfovibrio was significantly increased, and it was abundant in water and sediment of diseased leeches, Lead to the possibility that the pathogenic bacteria of this bacterial disease may be Bacteroides, Pseudomonas, Desulfovibrio.

In this study, four light color treatments (red blue, white, natural light) were tested to determine effects of light spectrum on the growth of larval Whitmania pigra (30 days old) at the same intensity. The experiment lasted for 50 days. The specific growth rate (SGR) under blue light condition was significantly higher during 30 days to 40 days. At the end of the experiment, specific growth rate (SGR) and weight gain rate under red light condition were higher (P<0.05) than those under other groups. Meanwhile, the enzymes activities of digestive enzymes (protease, amylase and lipase) were higher under red light condition. However, the enzymes activities of antioxidant enzymes (SOD, CAT, ALP) were lower under white light condition compared with the other treatments（P＜0.05）. In addition, no significant changes were observed for water content, total ash, acid insoluble ash, pH and antithrombin activity in the all treatments. After 50 days, the digestive enzymes and growth rate were higher under red light condition but antioxidant enzymes were lower under white light condition. Furthermore, light spectrum has no significant effect on the internal quality of Wh. pigra.

The biological characteristics, oxygen consumption, oxygen consumption rate, and activities of amylase, lipase and protease of Whitmania pigra at different temperature were studied by using direct observational method, the still water method and 3, 5-dinitrosalicylic acid colorimetry, right-nitrophenyl palmitate ester（ρ-NPP）colorimetry and folin-phenol method.The results revealed that with decreasing water temperature, the daily activity and the daily feeding ration were decreased. As the temperature was lowered to 4 ℃, the head and tail of Wh.pigra curved, showing a crescent-shape without feeding and daily activity. Oxygen consumption, oxygen consumption rate and digestive enzyme activities reduced along with temperature drops. The downward trend slowed below 10 ℃, began to stabilize below 4 ℃ and doesn't change with the decrease of temperature since then. During the 40 days treatment at 4 ℃, the changes of amylase were not significant, the lipase and protease activity decreased at the 20th day, and the lipase showed an slightly increase after the decrease and finally remained at a low level.In conclusions, the pivotal temperature of hibernation of Wh.pigra is 4 ℃ and the crescent shape can be considered as a symbol of hibernation.

The effects of harvest and different processing methods on the anti-thrombin activity of Poecilobdella manillensis were respectively studied. The indicators included processing methods (vacuum freeze drying, fresh homogenate, drying under sunlight, freezing, scalding, baking under different temperatures), different parts (entire body, cephalon, pygidium, exudate) and body weights (≤10, 10-20, 20-30, 30-40, ≥40 g). The anti-thrombin activities of P. manillensis with different processing methods were evaluated by direct anti-thrombin titration. The results indicated that the processing methods significantly affected the anti-thrombin activities of P. manillensis. Among the 11 groups, the anti-thrombin activity of P. manillensis processed with vacuum freeze drying (1 303.56 U•g⁻¹) was significantly highest than the other groups (P<0.05), and that processed with baking under 90 ℃ (15.44 U•g⁻¹) was the lowest. The anti-thrombin activity of the cephalon of P. manillensis (226.42 U•g⁻¹) was the highest, and that of the pygidium (102.12 U•g⁻¹) was lowest; the anti-thrombin activities for different body weights were significantly different (P<0.05); and among the five groups, the body weight of ≤10 g (328.86 U•g⁻¹) was the highest (P<0.05), and the body weight of ≥40 g (87.71 U•g⁻¹) was the lowest. In conclusion, harvest and different processing methods had a significant impact on the anti-thrombin activities of P. manillensis. In the study, for the optimal processing method for P. manillensis, the body weight between 20-30 g is recommended, and the vacuum freeze drying is preferred, which is followed by the drying under sunlight.

The oxygen consumption, oxygen consumption rate and suffocation point of different quality Whitmania pigra and Bellamya purificata were determined by hydrostatic breathing room method. The effects of feeding modes on growth of W.pigra were determined by biomass. The results showed that the oxygen consumption correlated positively with the weight of W.pigra and B. purificata（P<0.05）, suffocation point increased with the increases of the weight（P<0.05）.Oxygen consumption correlated negatively with the weight of W. pigra, the oxygen consumption rate of B.purificata first increased and then decreased with the increasing of the weight. Feeding modes had no significant effects on the finial weight, SGR, WGR, death rates of W. pigra. Feeding modes had significant effects on eating ratio. It suggested that the optimum feeding frequency of W. pigra was once every three days. Scientific and reasonable feeding amount of B. purificata should be calculated based on oxygen consumption and suffocation point of W.pigra and B.purificata at every period. Meanwhile, stocking density, water area and water exchanging frequency should be taken into consideration.

The effects of stocking density and exchanging water frequency on growth, digestive enzyme activity, anti-oxidative enzyme and inner quality of Whitmania pigra Whitman were evaluated with corresponding measures. The results showed that the eventual biomass, specific growth rate, gained weight rate, activities of amylase, lipase, protease, SOD, CAT, and ALP correlated positively with stocking density and negatively with exchanging water frequency (P<0.05). Exchanging water frequency had negative correlation with ammonia nitrogen, nitrite, and hydrogen sulfide while revealed positive correlation with dissolved oxygen in the water. Stocking density and exchanging water frequency showed no significant effects on the contents of moisture, total ash, and acid-insoluble ash. It suggested that the optimum stocking density was 7.5 million per hectare and the appropriate exchanging water interval was 72 h.