Objective:To assess the predictive values of bioelectrical impedance analysis(BIA)-measured body fat indices to abnormal lipid profiles, and to preliminary propose optimal cut-off values of body fat in children and adolescents.Methods:Children and adolescents, aged 6-16 years, were selected from 30 schools (8 primary schools, 21 middle schools and one 12-year education school) in Dongcheng, Tongzhou, Fangshan and Miyun districts of Beijing by adopting a stratified cluster sampling method from November 2017 to January 2018.Questionnaire survey, body mass index(BMI), body fat mass index (FMI), fat mass percentage (FMP) and four lipid profiles were conducted.Results:A total of 14 309 participants, aged (11.0±3.3) years, were enrolled in the analysis, with 49.9% boys.In boys and girls, the percentile values ( P60- P95) fitted by FMI and FMP with K-median-coefficient of variation(LMS) method were taken as the cutting points, and P75 values were selected as the cut-off points of excessive body fat for their better sensitivity, specificity, predictive value and area under curve (AUC) for identification of abnormal lipid profiles.Boys with FMI above P75 accounted for 28% of the total population, and controlling boys with FMI below P75 could prevent dyslipidemia of 8%-57%.FMI in girl population occupied about 26% of the above, and controlling FMI in girl population below this cut-off point may prevent dyslipidemia from 8%-42%.FMP observed similar results to FMI.Assessed by FMI or FMP with P75 cut-off values, adiposity performed better than BMI for recognizing abnormal lipid profiles in boys (AUC: 52.4%-69.6% vs.50.2%-67.1%, P<0.05) rather than in girls ( P>0.05). In addition, when FMI or FMP beyond P90, the specificity of each abnormal lipid profiles was around 90%. Conclusions:The recommend cut-off points for body fat may be to assess children′s adiposity, and can be applied in preventive activities.

Circular RNAs are a group of novel non-coding RNA molecules, which form covalently closed continuous loop structures, lacking the terminal 5′ and 3′ ends. They are abundant in eukaryotes and have recently become an increasing area of research in the field of RNA. Circular RNAs have many functions, such as abundant expression, cell- or tissue-specific expression, and high resistance to RNase-induced degradation. They are closely related to tissue development and the occurrence and development of diseases, play an important role in the pathogenesis and development of a variety of diseases, and can be used as a novel molecular marker of some diseases. Therefore, this review summarizes the latest research progress of circular RNAs in the regulation of endocrine diseases to better understand the biological mechanisms underlying endocrine diseases.

Objective:To investigate the relationships between hyperuricemia and the incidence risk for cardiometabolic abnormity in children.Methods:Data were obtained from School-based Cardiovascular and Bone Health Promotion Program. In 2017, a total of 15 391 children aged 6-16 years in Beijing were selected through stratified cluster sampling at baseline survey. Follow-up investigation was conducted in 2019. Logistic regression model was used to analyze the relationships of uric acid quartiles and change in uric acid levels with incidence risks for cardiometabolic abnormity (hypertension, hyperglycemia and dyslipidemia).Results:A total of 8 807 children (4 376 boys, 4 431 girls) were included in the analysis, the average age of the children was (11.1±3.3) years at baseline survey. The adjusted odds ratios ( ORs) and 95% confidence intervals ( CIs) of incidence risk for hypertension in the third and fourth quartiles of the UA were 1.39 (1.11-1.75) and 1.56 (1.19-1.81), respectively. The ORs and 95% CIs of risk for high LDL-C in the second, third and fourth quartiles were 1.88 (1.16-3.05),1.98 (1.23-3.17) and 2.25 (1.42-3.57). The uric acid level increased by one standard deviation, the risk increased by 17% for hypertension and 27% for high LDL-C. The uric acid level increased by 10 μmol/L, the risk increased by 2.1% for hypertension and 2.9% for high LDL-C. The gender-stratified analysis showed that the similar results. The ORs and 95% CIs were 1.32 (1.09-1.60) and 1.50 (1.05-2.16) for hypertension, 1.90 (1.38-2.60) and 2.96 (1.58-5.52) for high TC, 1.78 (1.26-2.51) and 2.84 (1.60-5.03) for high LDL-C in the groups of newly diagnosed hyperuricemia and persistent hyperuricemia. Conclusions:Higher uric acid level was associated with increased incidence risks for hypertension, abnormal TC and LDL-C. Maintaining optimal uric acid level by children might contribute to the early prevention of cardiovascular diseases.

Objective:To analyze the influence of obesity status on the development of cardiometabolic disorders in school-age children.Methods:Information about children's body weight, body height and cardiovascular risk factors were collected in baseline survey in 2017 and follow-up survey in 2019. The school-age children were divided into four groups based on their baseline and follow-up obesity status, i.e. sustained non-obesity group, restored obesity group, newly classified obesity group, and persistent obesity group. Analysis of covariance was used to compare the difference of change in levels of cardiometabolic factors among the four groups. The multivariate logistic regression model was used to analyze the relationship between obesity status and the incidence risk of cardiometabolic disorders.Results:The present study included 11 379 school-age children (boys accounting for 49.6%). During the 2 years, the incidence of obesity was 3.2% (95% CI: 2.9%-3.5%) with the restoration ratio of obesity of 4.4% (95% CI: 4.0%-4.8%). Compared with the sustained non-obesity group, increases in SBP, DBP, TG, LDL-C and non-HDL-C were much higher in newly classified obesity group and persistent obesity group, but lower in restored obesity groups except for DBP (all P<0.05). In addition, the incidence risk of hypertension, high glucose, dyslipidemia and cardiometabolic disorders (≥2 risks) were much higher in newly classified and persistent obese children than in sustained non-obese children. No difference was found in incidence risks of most cardiovascular disorders between restored obese children and sustained non-obese children, except for hypertension and cardiometabolic risks. Conclusion:Both newly classified obesity and persistent obesity increased the incidence risks for multi cardiovascular disorders, while these risks could be reduced when non-obese status restore.

Objective:To investigate the incidence and risk factors of pediatric fracture in school-age children and adolescents in Beijing.Methods:A total of 12 056 students with complete fracture data of 2017 baseline survey and 2019 follow-up survey of School-based Cardiovascular and Bone Health (SCVBH) Promotion Program in Beijing were selected as study subjects. Logistic regression model was used to analyze associations of fracture incidence with age, BMI, fracture history and lifestyle.Results:The 2-year accumulative incidence rate of pediatric fracture was 3.1% (95% CI: 2.8%-3.4%) in school-age children and adolescents in Beijing, which was much higher in boys (4.1%) than in girls (2.1%) and increased with age in boys but decreased with age in girls. Fractures mainly occurred at upper-limb (69.0%), no gender and age specific significant in fracture sites were observed. Fracture history was the risk factor for fracture incidence in both boys and girls (boys: RR=1.81, 95% CI: 1.18-2.64; girls: RR=3.11, 95% CI: 1.74-5.13). In addition, higher duration and frequency of moderate to vigorous physical activities (≥120 min/day) and frequent consumption of sugar sweetened beverage (≥1 time/week) were also found to increase fracture risk in boys. Conclusion:The incidence of pediatric fracture was associated with gender, age, fracture history and lifestyle habits in school-age children and adolescents in Beijing. Targeted strategies are needed to prevent childhood fracture.

Objective:To investigate the association between vitamin D nutritional status and the body muscle mass in children.Methods:Data were obtained from School-based Cardiovascular and Bone Health Promotion Program. In 2017, a total of 15 391 children aged 6-16 years in Beijing were selected through stratified cluster sampling in baseline survey. A follow-up investigation was conducted in 2019. The questionnaire survey and the detection of serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D [25(OH)D] level were conducted. The bioelectrical impedance analysis (BIA) apparatus was used to measure body muscle mass, and muscle mass index (MMI) was calculated. Multivariable linear models were used to analyze the association of vitamin D nutritional status with the baseline and follow-up MMI measures.Results:A total of 10 890 children aged (11.5±3.3) years(boys accounting for 49.6%) were included in the analysis. The average 25(OH)D level was (35.4±12.0) nmol/L, with an adequacy ratio of 11.1%. After multivariate linear regression adjustment for age, sex, body fat mass, smoking status, alcohol use status, dairy supplement, calcium supplement, physical activity, and pubertal development, no statistically significant association between vitamin D nutritional status and baseline MMI level was observed ( P>0.05). For the follow-up MMI, the Z-score increased by 0.008 ( P=0.058) for per 10 nmol/L increase in 25(OH)D, which were 0.002 ( P=0.815) and 0.037 ( P=0.031) higher in children with insufficient and adequate vitamin D than those with vitamin D deficiency, respectively ( P for trend =0.089). Subgroup analysis showed that in the normal BMI group, for per 10 nmol/L increase in 25 (OH) D, the MMI at baseline survey and MMI Z-score at follow-up of children with adequate vitamin D and increased by 0.019 and 0.014, respectively (both P<0.05). Conclusions:Vitamin D nutritional status was related to muscle mass in children, and children with adequate vitamin D tended to obtain higher MMI. Children and adolescents are encouraged to maintain sufficient vitamin D levels, strengthen nutrition and exercise to promote body health.

Objective:To investigate the relationships between vitamin D nutritional status and the calcaneal bone mineral density (BMD) in children.Methods:Data were obtained from School-based Cardiovascular and Bone Health Promotion Program. In 2017, a total of 15 391 children aged 6-16 years in Beijing selected through stratified cluster sampling were included in the baseline survey. A follow-up investigation was conducted in 2019. The questionnaire survey, detection of serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D [25(OH)D] level and ultrasound measurement of calcaneal BMD were conducted. Multivariable linear and logistic regression models were used to analyze the relationships between baseline vitamin D nutritional status and the follow-up calcaneal BMD.Results:A total of 10 914 children aged (11.5±3.3) years (boys accounting for 49.6%) were included in the analysis. The average 25(OH)D level was (35.4±12.0) nmol/L, and the deficiency rate was 36.1%. After the adjustment for age, gender, body mass index, smoking status, alcohol use status, dairy products intake, vitamin D supplement, calcium supplement, physical activity, pubertal development, and baseline calcaneal BMD Z-score, for per 10 nmol/L increase in 25(OH)D, the follow-up calcaneal BMD Z-score increased by 0.01( P=0.041), and the OR(95% CI) of decreased calcaneal BMD Z-score after 2 years was 0.96 (0.93-1.00)( P=0.030). Compared with vitamin D adequacy, the follow-up calcaneal BMD Z-score of children with vitamin D insufficiency and deficiency decreased by 0.03( P=0.307) and 0.06 ( P=0.046), and the risk of decreased calcaneal BMD Z-score after 2 years increased by 15%( P=0.037) and 21%( P=0.006), respectively ( P for trend<0.05). Conclusions:Vitamin D nutritional status was closely related to calcaneal BMD, and children with adequate vitamin D nutritional status tended to obtain higher BMD. Children and adolescents are encouraged to maintain sufficient vitamin D levels, strengthen nutrition and exercise to promote bone health.

Objective:To investigate the association of vitamin D with distribution of body fat in children and adolescents.Methods:Data were obtained from the baseline survey of School-based Cardiovascular and Bone Health Promotion Program in 2017. Multiple linear regression and multinomial logistic regression models were applied to analyze the relationships of body mass index (BMI), fat mass index (FMI), trunk fat mass index (TFMI), appendicular fat mass index (AFMI), and visceral fat area(VFA) with vitamin D level and status in children and adolescents.Results:A total of 11 960 children and adolescents were included in the analysis (boys accounting for 49.7%). The average age and serum vitamin D level of study population were (11.0±3.3) years and (35.0±11.9) nmol/L, respectively. The deficiency rate of vitamin D was 37.2%. Gender-specific associations of BMI, FMI, TFMI, and AFMI with vitamin D level were found ( P for interaction <0.05): they were inversely associated with vitamin D level in boys (BMI: β=-0.56; FMI: β =-0.59; TFMI: β=-0.60; AFMI: β=-0.59; all P<0.05), but not in girls ( P>0.05). VFA was positively associated with vitamin D deficiency and insufficiency in both boys and girls, and the risks of vitamin D deficiency and insufficiency all increased by 17%(95% CI: 9%-25%) for per increment of standard deviation in VFA. Conclusions:The higher level of visceral fat was associated with the lower vitamin D levels in children. Abdominal obese children and boys with excessive body fat are the key population in the prevention and control of vitamin D deficiency.

[Abstract] Objective: To investigate the expression level of lncRNA (long non-coding RNA) SNHG1 in endometrial cancer tissues, and to analyze its mechanism of action as well as its clinical significance. Methods: NCBI-GEO and TCGA database were used to analyze the expression level of SNHG1 in endometrial cancer. A total of 53 cases of endometrial cancer tissue samples and 41 cases of normal endometrial tissue samples were collected from January 2016 to March 2019 at Zhongxin Ecocity Hospital of Tianjin Medical University; in addition, endometrial cancer cell lines Ishikawa and HEC-1A as well as normal endometrial ESC cells were also collected for this study. qPCR was used to detect the expression level of SNHG1 in tissues and cells, and its correlation with the clinical characteristics of patients were statistically analyzed. The effect of SNHG1 on cell proliferation and apoptosis of HEC-1A cells was measured by MTT assay and Annexin V/PI double staining Flow cytometry, respectively. The migration and invasion of HEC-1A cells were measured by Transwell assay. StarBase was used to predict the regulatory relationship between SNHG1 and RELA, which was then verified by qPCR and Western blotting. Dual fluorescent reporter gene system and qPCR were adopted to identify the influence of SNHG1 on NF-κB pathway. Results: The expression of SNHG1 was significantly up-regulated in endometrial cancer tissues compared with normal endometrial tissues (P<0.01), and its expression was related to tumor size, TNM staging, histological grade and lymph node metastasis (all P<0.05). The expression level of SNHG1 in Ishikawa and HEC-1A cells was significantly higher than that in ESC cells (all P<0.01). Overexpression of SNHG1 notably promoted the proliferation, migration and invasion and inhibited cell apoptosis of HEC-1A cells. By promoting the expression of RELA, SNHG1 activated the NF-κB pathway and promoted the expressions of downstream gene IL-6 and CCL19 (all P<0.01). Conclusion: Up-regulated SNHG1 in endometrial cancer functions as an oncogene by activating the NF-κB pathway through promoting the RELA expression.

Objective: To evaluate the effect of Annexin-A1 mimetic peptide Ac2-26 on activation of astrocytes in rats. Methods: The primarily cultured astrocytes from the cortex of fetal Sprague-Dawley rats after 4 passages were divined into 4 groups (n=24 each) using a random number table method: control group (C group), LPS group, LPS+ scramble peptide group (LPS+ Src group) and LPS+ Ac2-26 group.LPS was added to LPS group with the final concentration of 1 mg/ml.LPS at the final concentration of 1 mg/ml and scramble peptide at the final concentration of 3.3 mmol/L were added to LPS+ Src group.LPS at the final concentration of 1 mg/ml and Ac2-26 at the final concentration of 3.3 mmol/L were added to LPS+ Ac2-26 group.After 24-h incubation, the cell survival rate was measured by CCK-8 assay, the migration was determined by Transwell assay, the concentrations of tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α), interleukin-1beta (IL-1β), monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 (MCP-1) and macrophage inflammatory protein-1a (MIP-1a) in the supernatant were measured (by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay), and the expression of glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP), extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK), phosphorylated ERK (p-ERK), c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK), phosphorylated JNK (p-JNK), p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase (p38MAPK), and phosphorylated p38MAPK (p-p38MAPK) in astrocytes was detected by Western blot. Results: Compared with group C, the expression of GFAP was significantly up-regulated, and the cell mobility, concentrations of TNF-α, IL-1β, MCP-1 and MIP-1α in the supernatant, p-ERK/ERK ratio, p-JNK/JNK ratio and p-p38MAPK/p38MAPK ratio were increased (P<0.05), and no significant change was found in the cell survival rate in group LPS (P>0.05). Compared with group LPS, the expression of GFAP was significantly down-regulated, and the cell mobility, concentrations of TNF-α, IL-1β, MCP-1 and MIP-1α in the supernatant, p-JNK/JNK ratio and p-p38MAPK/p38MAPK ratio were decreased in group LPS+ Ac2-26 (P<0.05), and no significant change was found in the parameters mentioned above in group LPS+ Src (P>0.05). Conclusion Ac2-26 can inhibit activation of astrocytes and produces anti-inflammatory effect in rats.