Objective:To assess the predictive values of bioelectrical impedance analysis(BIA)-measured body fat indices to abnormal lipid profiles, and to preliminary propose optimal cut-off values of body fat in children and adolescents.Methods:Children and adolescents, aged 6-16 years, were selected from 30 schools (8 primary schools, 21 middle schools and one 12-year education school) in Dongcheng, Tongzhou, Fangshan and Miyun districts of Beijing by adopting a stratified cluster sampling method from November 2017 to January 2018.Questionnaire survey, body mass index(BMI), body fat mass index (FMI), fat mass percentage (FMP) and four lipid profiles were conducted.Results:A total of 14 309 participants, aged (11.0±3.3) years, were enrolled in the analysis, with 49.9% boys.In boys and girls, the percentile values ( P60- P95) fitted by FMI and FMP with K-median-coefficient of variation(LMS) method were taken as the cutting points, and P75 values were selected as the cut-off points of excessive body fat for their better sensitivity, specificity, predictive value and area under curve (AUC) for identification of abnormal lipid profiles.Boys with FMI above P75 accounted for 28% of the total population, and controlling boys with FMI below P75 could prevent dyslipidemia of 8%-57%.FMI in girl population occupied about 26% of the above, and controlling FMI in girl population below this cut-off point may prevent dyslipidemia from 8%-42%.FMP observed similar results to FMI.Assessed by FMI or FMP with P75 cut-off values, adiposity performed better than BMI for recognizing abnormal lipid profiles in boys (AUC: 52.4%-69.6% vs.50.2%-67.1%, P<0.05) rather than in girls ( P>0.05). In addition, when FMI or FMP beyond P90, the specificity of each abnormal lipid profiles was around 90%. Conclusions:The recommend cut-off points for body fat may be to assess children′s adiposity, and can be applied in preventive activities.

Objective:To investigate the relationships between hyperuricemia and the incidence risk for cardiometabolic abnormity in children.Methods:Data were obtained from School-based Cardiovascular and Bone Health Promotion Program. In 2017, a total of 15 391 children aged 6-16 years in Beijing were selected through stratified cluster sampling at baseline survey. Follow-up investigation was conducted in 2019. Logistic regression model was used to analyze the relationships of uric acid quartiles and change in uric acid levels with incidence risks for cardiometabolic abnormity (hypertension, hyperglycemia and dyslipidemia).Results:A total of 8 807 children (4 376 boys, 4 431 girls) were included in the analysis, the average age of the children was (11.1±3.3) years at baseline survey. The adjusted odds ratios ( ORs) and 95% confidence intervals ( CIs) of incidence risk for hypertension in the third and fourth quartiles of the UA were 1.39 (1.11-1.75) and 1.56 (1.19-1.81), respectively. The ORs and 95% CIs of risk for high LDL-C in the second, third and fourth quartiles were 1.88 (1.16-3.05),1.98 (1.23-3.17) and 2.25 (1.42-3.57). The uric acid level increased by one standard deviation, the risk increased by 17% for hypertension and 27% for high LDL-C. The uric acid level increased by 10 μmol/L, the risk increased by 2.1% for hypertension and 2.9% for high LDL-C. The gender-stratified analysis showed that the similar results. The ORs and 95% CIs were 1.32 (1.09-1.60) and 1.50 (1.05-2.16) for hypertension, 1.90 (1.38-2.60) and 2.96 (1.58-5.52) for high TC, 1.78 (1.26-2.51) and 2.84 (1.60-5.03) for high LDL-C in the groups of newly diagnosed hyperuricemia and persistent hyperuricemia. Conclusions:Higher uric acid level was associated with increased incidence risks for hypertension, abnormal TC and LDL-C. Maintaining optimal uric acid level by children might contribute to the early prevention of cardiovascular diseases.

Objective:To investigate the association between vitamin D nutritional status and the body muscle mass in children.Methods:Data were obtained from School-based Cardiovascular and Bone Health Promotion Program. In 2017, a total of 15 391 children aged 6-16 years in Beijing were selected through stratified cluster sampling in baseline survey. A follow-up investigation was conducted in 2019. The questionnaire survey and the detection of serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D [25(OH)D] level were conducted. The bioelectrical impedance analysis (BIA) apparatus was used to measure body muscle mass, and muscle mass index (MMI) was calculated. Multivariable linear models were used to analyze the association of vitamin D nutritional status with the baseline and follow-up MMI measures.Results:A total of 10 890 children aged (11.5±3.3) years(boys accounting for 49.6%) were included in the analysis. The average 25(OH)D level was (35.4±12.0) nmol/L, with an adequacy ratio of 11.1%. After multivariate linear regression adjustment for age, sex, body fat mass, smoking status, alcohol use status, dairy supplement, calcium supplement, physical activity, and pubertal development, no statistically significant association between vitamin D nutritional status and baseline MMI level was observed ( P>0.05). For the follow-up MMI, the Z-score increased by 0.008 ( P=0.058) for per 10 nmol/L increase in 25(OH)D, which were 0.002 ( P=0.815) and 0.037 ( P=0.031) higher in children with insufficient and adequate vitamin D than those with vitamin D deficiency, respectively ( P for trend =0.089). Subgroup analysis showed that in the normal BMI group, for per 10 nmol/L increase in 25 (OH) D, the MMI at baseline survey and MMI Z-score at follow-up of children with adequate vitamin D and increased by 0.019 and 0.014, respectively (both P<0.05). Conclusions:Vitamin D nutritional status was related to muscle mass in children, and children with adequate vitamin D tended to obtain higher MMI. Children and adolescents are encouraged to maintain sufficient vitamin D levels, strengthen nutrition and exercise to promote body health.

Objective:To investigate the association of vitamin D with distribution of body fat in children and adolescents.Methods:Data were obtained from the baseline survey of School-based Cardiovascular and Bone Health Promotion Program in 2017. Multiple linear regression and multinomial logistic regression models were applied to analyze the relationships of body mass index (BMI), fat mass index (FMI), trunk fat mass index (TFMI), appendicular fat mass index (AFMI), and visceral fat area(VFA) with vitamin D level and status in children and adolescents.Results:A total of 11 960 children and adolescents were included in the analysis (boys accounting for 49.7%). The average age and serum vitamin D level of study population were (11.0±3.3) years and (35.0±11.9) nmol/L, respectively. The deficiency rate of vitamin D was 37.2%. Gender-specific associations of BMI, FMI, TFMI, and AFMI with vitamin D level were found ( P for interaction <0.05): they were inversely associated with vitamin D level in boys (BMI: β=-0.56; FMI: β =-0.59; TFMI: β=-0.60; AFMI: β=-0.59; all P<0.05), but not in girls ( P>0.05). VFA was positively associated with vitamin D deficiency and insufficiency in both boys and girls, and the risks of vitamin D deficiency and insufficiency all increased by 17%(95% CI: 9%-25%) for per increment of standard deviation in VFA. Conclusions:The higher level of visceral fat was associated with the lower vitamin D levels in children. Abdominal obese children and boys with excessive body fat are the key population in the prevention and control of vitamin D deficiency.

Objective: To investigate the association between blood lipid and calcaneus bone mineral density (BMD) in children and adolescents aged 6-16 years in Beijing. Methods: Children and adolescents were selected in 30 schools (8 primary schools, 21 middle schools and one 12-year education school) from Dongcheng, Tongzhou, Fangshan and Miyun districts of Beijing by using a stratified cluster sampling method from November 2017 to January 2018. A total of 14 303 students in grade 1 to 4 of primary school, grade 1 of junior and senior middle school were enrolled after excluding subjects who were not able to participate into this study due to trauma or other uncomfortable physical conditions or with missing key values or with diabetes and kidney diseases. Questionnaire survey, blood lipid and calcaneus BMD were conducted. Multivariate linear regression was applied to quantify the association between calcaneal BMD as a dependent variable and blood lipid level as an independent variable after adjusting for the potential confounding factors. Furthermore, quantile regression was used to analyze the association between blood lipid level and different percentiles (P₂₅, P₅₀ and P₇₅) of ultrasonic velocity values of bone mineral density, and parallel test was conducted for regression coefficients of different percentiles. Results: A total of 14 303 participants aged (11.4±3.3) years (49.9% boys) were involved in the analysis. The mean age of 14 303 participants was (11.0±3.3) years. 7 142 boys accounted for 49.9%. The mean±SD of calcaneal BMD, total cholesterol (TC), low density lipoprotein-cholesterol (LDL-C), and high density lipoprotein-cholesterol (HDL-C) were (1 540.9±33.8) m/s, (3.90±0.76), (2.18±0.62), and (1.40±0.32) mmol/L, respectively. The P₅0 (P₂₅, P₇₅) of triglyceride (TG) was 0.69 (0.49-0.94) mmol/L. After the adjustment of age, height, smoking, drinking, vitamin D and calcium supplementation, dairy intake, physical activity, FMI, and MMI, a significantly inverse association (P<0.05) between TG level and calcaneus BMD was observed in both genders, which the regression coefficients (95%CI) in boys and girls were -0.064 (-0.085, -0.044) and -0.073 (-0.094, -0.053), respectively. Conclusion The level of BMD was associated with TG in boys and girls. Therefore, it is important to prevent children from hypertriglyceridemia for the bone health promotion.

Objective To investigate the association between blood lipid and calcaneus bone mineral density (BMD) in children and adolescents aged 6-16 years in Beijing. Methods Children and adolescents were selected in 30 schools (8 primary schools, 21 middle schools and one 12?year education school) from Dongcheng, Tongzhou, Fangshan and Miyun districts of Beijing by using a stratified cluster sampling method from November 2017 to January 2018. A total of 14 303 students in grade 1 to 4 of primary school, grade 1 of junior and senior middle school were enrolled after excluding subjects who were not able to participate into this study due to trauma or other uncomfortable physical conditions or with missing key values or with diabetes and kidney diseases. Questionnaire survey, blood lipid and calcaneus BMD were conducted. Multivariate linear regression was applied to quantify the association between calcaneal BMD as a dependent variable and blood lipid level as an independent variable after adjusting for the potential confounding factors. Furthermore, quantile regression was used to analyze the association between blood lipid level and different percentiles (P25, P50 and P75) of ultrasonic velocity values of bone mineral density, and parallel test was conducted for regression coefficients of different percentiles. Results A total of 14 303 participants aged (11.4 ± 3.3) years (49.9% boys) were involved in the analysis. The mean age of 14 303 participants was (11.0±3.3) years. 7 142 boys accounted for 49.9%. The mean±SD of calcaneal BMD, total cholesterol (TC), low density lipoprotein?cholesterol (LDL?C), and high density lipoprotein?cholesterol (HDL?C) were (1 540.9±33.8) m/s, (3.90±0.76), (2.18±0.62), and (1.40±0.32) mmol/L, respectively. The P50 (P25, P75) of triglyceride (TG) was 0.69 (0.49-0.94) mmol/L. After the adjustment of age, height, smoking, drinking, vitamin D and calcium supplementation, dairy intake, physical activity, FMI, and MMI, a significantly inverse association (P<0.05) between TG level and calcaneus BMD was observed in both genders, which the regression coefficients (95%CI ) in boys and girls were -0.064 (-0.085,-0.044) and-0.073 (-0.094,-0.053), respectively. Conclusion The level of BMD was associated with TG in boys and girls. Therefore, it is important to prevent children from hypertriglyceridemia for the bone health promotion.

Objective To investigate the association between blood lipid and calcaneus bone mineral density (BMD) in children and adolescents aged 6-16 years in Beijing. Methods Children and adolescents were selected in 30 schools (8 primary schools, 21 middle schools and one 12?year education school) from Dongcheng, Tongzhou, Fangshan and Miyun districts of Beijing by using a stratified cluster sampling method from November 2017 to January 2018. A total of 14 303 students in grade 1 to 4 of primary school, grade 1 of junior and senior middle school were enrolled after excluding subjects who were not able to participate into this study due to trauma or other uncomfortable physical conditions or with missing key values or with diabetes and kidney diseases. Questionnaire survey, blood lipid and calcaneus BMD were conducted. Multivariate linear regression was applied to quantify the association between calcaneal BMD as a dependent variable and blood lipid level as an independent variable after adjusting for the potential confounding factors. Furthermore, quantile regression was used to analyze the association between blood lipid level and different percentiles (P25, P50 and P75) of ultrasonic velocity values of bone mineral density, and parallel test was conducted for regression coefficients of different percentiles. Results A total of 14 303 participants aged (11.4 ± 3.3) years (49.9% boys) were involved in the analysis. The mean age of 14 303 participants was (11.0±3.3) years. 7 142 boys accounted for 49.9%. The mean±SD of calcaneal BMD, total cholesterol (TC), low density lipoprotein?cholesterol (LDL?C), and high density lipoprotein?cholesterol (HDL?C) were (1 540.9±33.8) m/s, (3.90±0.76), (2.18±0.62), and (1.40±0.32) mmol/L, respectively. The P50 (P25, P75) of triglyceride (TG) was 0.69 (0.49-0.94) mmol/L. After the adjustment of age, height, smoking, drinking, vitamin D and calcium supplementation, dairy intake, physical activity, FMI, and MMI, a significantly inverse association (P<0.05) between TG level and calcaneus BMD was observed in both genders, which the regression coefficients (95%CI ) in boys and girls were -0.064 (-0.085,-0.044) and-0.073 (-0.094,-0.053), respectively. Conclusion The level of BMD was associated with TG in boys and girls. Therefore, it is important to prevent children from hypertriglyceridemia for the bone health promotion.

The aim of the present study is to evaluate the vasodilation effects of Tongmai Yangxin Pills (TMYX) on rat mesenteric artery as well as its mechanism of action. The relaxation effects of TMYX extracts with different concentrations were determined on isolated rat mesenteric artery in normal condition as well as pretreating by phenylephrine and KCl. Vascular relaxation effects of TMTX were also determined in mesenteric artery preincubated with L-ANME and indomethacin or in endothelium denuded mesenteric artery. Moreover, effects of TMYX by 50 mg·L⁻¹ on NO secretion and the phosphorylation of eNOS in a cellular model of human umbilical vein endothelial cell (HUVEC) pretreated with or without L-NAME were also observed. The experimental results showed that TMYX has no obvious effect on vasodilation of arteries in normal or KCl pretreated condition, while it can dose-dependently relax the rat mesenteric artery with intact endothelium stimulated with phenylephrine at a maximal diastolic rate of (64.71±10.03)%. After preincubating with L-NAME for 15 min or removal of mesenteric artery endothelium, the maximal diastolic rate was decreased to (35.77±8.93)% and (25.85±10.84)% respectively. However, preincubating with indomethacin had no inhibitory effect on TMYX induced vascular relaxation. Meanwhile, TMYX at 50 mg·L⁻¹ could increase the expression of P-eNOS and the secretion of NO in HUVEC. L-NAME significantly inhibited NO release and phosphorylation of eNOS induced by TMYX. The results suggested TMYX exerted endothelium-dependent relaxation effects against PE-induced contractions of isolated rat mesenteric artery through NO-cGMP signaling pathway.
Animals ; Endothelium, Vascular ; Humans ; Mesenteric Arteries ; Rats ; Vasodilation

Objective To investigate the role of OMA1 in acute kidney injury (AKI) induced by lipopolysaccharide (LPS).Methods OMA1 wild-type and knocked out mice (8 week old) were injected with 10 mg/kg body weight of LPS.The model was confirmed by testing mouse serum creatinine and blood urea nitrogen.The apoptosis in mouse kidney cortex was examined by TUNEL staining and cleaved caspase 3.In vitro,in humam kidney proximal tubular cells (HK2) were knocked down OMA1 by transfecting OMA1 shRNA,with the scramble shRNA being used as negative control of transfection.HK2 cells were cultured with 5 μg/ml of LPS for 24 hours to induce apoptosis.DAPI staining of cells and caspase-3 activity were applied to test apoptosis.The images of mitochondria in cells were obtained by transfection of mito-green plasmid and OMA1 shRNA.Western blotting was used to exam the OMA1 and Cytochrome C expressions.Resudts Compared with OMA1 KO mice,LPS induced more severe AKI of WT mice with higher Scr [(97.2±26.5) μmol/L vs (53.0±17.7) μmol/L,P ＜ 0.05] and BUN [(43.3± 13.7) mmol/L vs (29.7±7.7) mmol/L,P ＜ 0.05].Moreover,there were more apoptosis cells in kidney cortex in WT mice than in OMA1 KO mice [(75.4± 26.1)/ram2 vs (38.3± 14.4)/mm2,P＜ 0.05].About 46％ of OMA1 expressions in HK2 cells were inhibited by OMA1 shRNA transfection (P ＜ 0.05).Further,OMA1 shRNA cells with LPS stimulation had decreased mitochondria fragmentation [(29.8±10.9)％ vs (43.2±6.8)％,P ＜ 0.05],Cytochrome C release [(37.0±12.3)％ vs (76.0±26.2)％,P ＜ 0.05],and cell apoptosis [(13.2±3.9)％ vs (25.0±7.1)％,P ＜ 0.05] as compared with control cells.Conclusion Knockdown of OMA1 alleviated septic AKI through inhibition of cell apoptosis,mitochondria fragmentation,and Cytochrome C release.

Poria cocos (Schw.) Wolf, an important medicinal and food fungus, is well known in East Asia. Due to growing market demand, long cultivation period, and consumption of pine trunk during cultivation, developing alternative methods for producing P. cocos and/or its active components is of interest. In the present study, the effects of different culture methods on biomass and accumulation of four triterpenoids were investigated. The ethanol extract of fermented mycelium (EFM) was orally administered to rats. Urine output and concentrations of electrolytes (Na, K, and Cl) were measured. Our results showed that mycelia grew better under continuous shaking culture condition (7.5 g DW·L), and higher triterpenoid levels were accumulated in two-stage culture (112 mg·L, 2.03%). The optimal starting time of static culture for triterpenoid yield was 4 d after shaking culture. Single administration of middle and high dose of EFM significantly increased urine output, Na and Cl excretion, and Na/K ratio. These results suggested that ethanol extract of cultured mycelia showed significant diuretic activity in rats and two-stage culture of P. cocos could be an alternative way to produce mycelia and triterpenoids.
Animals ; Biomass ; Diuretics ; pharmacology ; Mycelium ; chemistry ; growth & development ; Rats ; Triterpenes ; metabolism ; Wolfiporia ; chemistry ; growth & development